The Experts below are selected from a list of 1992 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Zhong Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coxsackievirus A16 utilizes cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans as its attachment receptor.
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Xueyang Zhang, Zhiqiang Ku, Xiaohua Ye, Chao Zhang, Zhong HuangAbstract:Coxsackievirus A16 utilizes cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans as its attachment receptor
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Coxsackievirus A16 utilizes cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans as its attachment receptor
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Xueyang Zhang, Zhiqiang Ku, Xiaohua Ye, Chao Zhang, Zhong HuangAbstract:Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the major pathogens responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease, which affects more than two million children in the Asian-Pacific region annually. Previous st...
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beta propiolactone inactivation of Coxsackievirus A16 induces structural alteration and surface modification of viral capsids
Journal of Virology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaohua Ye, Zhiqiang Ku, Liangliang Kong, Cong Xu, Yao Cong, Zhong HuangAbstract:ABSTRACT Beta-propiolactone (BPL) is an inactivating agent that is widely used in the vaccine industry. However, its effects on vaccine protein antigens and its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of BPL-treated Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) mature virions and procapsids at resolutions of 3.9 A and 6.5 A, respectively. Notably, both particles were found to adopt an expanded conformation resembling the 135S-like uncoating intermediate, with characteristic features including an opened 2-fold channel, the externalization of the N terminus of VP1 capsid protein, and the absence of pocket factor. However, major neutralizing epitopes are very well preserved on these particles. Further biochemical analyses revealed that BPL treatment impairs the abilities of CVA16 particles to bind to the attachment receptor heparan sulfate and to a conformation-dependent monoclonal antibody in a BPL dose-dependent manner, indicating that BPL is able to modify surface-exposed amino acid residues. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BPL treatment may induce alteration of the overall structure and surface properties of a nonenveloped viral capsid, thus revealing a novel mode of action of BPL. IMPORTANCE Beta-propiolactone (BPL) is commonly used as an inactivating reagent to produce viral vaccines. It is recognized that BPL inactivates viral infectivity through modification of viral nucleic acids. However, its effect on viral proteins remains largely unknown. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-EM structures of BPL-treated Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) mature virions and procapsids, which reveals an expanded overall conformation and characteristic features that are typical for the 135S-like uncoating intermediate. We further show that the BPL concentration affects the binding of inactivated CVA16 particles to their receptor/antibody. Thus, BPL treatment can alter the overall structure and surface properties of viral capsids, which may lead to antigenic and immunogenic variations. Our findings provide important information for future development of BPL-inactivated vaccines.
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improved plasmid based recovery of Coxsackievirus A16 infectious clone driven by human rna polymerase i promoter
Virologica Sinica, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaoli Wang, Zhong Huang, Chaoyun Shen, Tan Chen, Yunfang ZhangAbstract:Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is one of the major viral pathogens associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease. CA16 belongs to the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family and possesses a single-stranded positivesense RNA genome (Mao et al., 2014). Reverse genetics is an important tool for CA16 research. Previously, a reverse genetics T7 polymerase-based system was developed for poliovirus (Moss et al., 1989), foot-andmouth disease virus (FMDV) (Zibert et al., 1990), Coxsackievirus B3 (Klump et al., 1990), enterovirus 71 (EV71) (Han et al., 2010; Shang et al., 2013), and even CA16 (Liu et al., 2011). However, in that system, cDNA must be transcribed to RNA by an exogenous T7 polymerase in vitro or in vivo. To develop a more rapid and simple method, a reverse genetics system based on human polymerase I (Pol I ) was developed for FMDV (Chang et al., 2009) and EV71 (Meng et al., 2012). In the current study, we developed a high-efficiency Pol I-driven plasmid-based reverse genetics system for CA16 (Gen- Bank: EU262658), and systemically characterized recovered CA16 particles.
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a murine model of Coxsackievirus A16 infection for anti viral evaluation
Antiviral Research, 2014Co-Authors: Xulin Huang, Zhong HuangAbstract:Abstract Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) is one of the main causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which is a common infectious disease in children. CA16 infection may lead to severe nervous system damage and even death in humans. However, study of the pathogenesis of CA16 infection and development of vaccines and anti-viral agents are hindered partly by the lack of an appropriate small animal model. In the present study, we developed and characterized a murine model of CA16 infection. We show that neonatal mice are susceptible to CA16 infection via intraperitoneal inoculation. One-day-old mice infected with 2 × 10 6 TCID50 of CA16/SZ05 strain consistently exhibited clinical signs, including reduced mobility, and limb weakness and paralysis. About 57% of the mice died within 14 days after infection. Significant damage in the brainstem, limb muscles and intestines of the infected mice in the moribund state was observed by histological examination, and the presence of CA16 in neurons of the brainstem was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining with a CA16-specific polyclonal antibody, strongly suggesting the involvement of the central nervous system in CA16 infection. Analysis of virus titers in various organs/tissues collected at 3, 6 and 9 days post-infection, showed that skeletal muscle was the major site of virus replication at the early stage of infection, while the virus mainly accumulated in the brain at the late stage. In addition, susceptibility of mice to CA16 infection was found to be age dependent. Moreover, different CA16 strains could exhibit varied virulence in vivo . Importantly, we demonstrated that post-exposure treatment with an anti-CA16 monoclonal antibody fully protected mice against lethal CA16 infection. Collectively, these results indicate the successful development of a CA16 infection mouse model for anti-viral evaluation.
Wenbo Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seroprevalence of enterovirus a71 and Coxsackievirus A16 in healthy people in shandong province china
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Jianxing Wang, Jing Wang, Yong Zhang, Xianjun Wang, Wenbo Xu, Shujun DingAbstract:BACKGROUND: Hand, foot, and mouth disease has become very common in mainland of China in recent years, and enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 are its major etiologic factors. Here we investigated the seroprevalence of enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 based on a large group of healthy individuals in Shandong province, China. METHODS: A total of 1378 healthy individuals were tested for serum neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 using a micro neutralization test. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of enterovirus A71 neutralizing antibodies was 74.75%. It increased significantly from 48.84% in children aged 0-1 years old to 88.64% in those aged 20-29 years (p 40 years old with a significant gender-specific difference (p 40 years without a gender-specific difference. Nearly 50% of the children <1 year were susceptible to enterovirus A71 infection versus 40% to Coxsackievirus A16 infection. Sample collection time and place also played a role in the enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 positive rates. The overall rates in January were significantly lower than those in April and August (p < 0.01); enterovirus A71 positive rates in Jinan city (capital city of Shandong province) were lower than those in Jining city and Zibo city (p < 0.05); and oxsackievirus A16 positive rates in Jining city were significantly higher than those in Jinan city and Zibo city (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There were significant differences among age groups, locations, and time points in the seroprevalence rates of enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 neutralizing antibodies in healthy people in Shandong province.
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Seroprevalence of Enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 in Healthy People in Shandong Province, China.
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Jianxing Wang, Jing Wang, Yong Zhang, Xianjun Wang, Wenbo Xu, Shujun DingAbstract:BACKGROUND: Hand, foot, and mouth disease has become very common in mainland of China in recent years, and enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 are its major etiologic factors. Here we investigated the seroprevalence of enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 based on a large group of healthy individuals in Shandong province, China. METHODS: A total of 1378 healthy individuals were tested for serum neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 using a micro neutralization test. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of enterovirus A71 neutralizing antibodies was 74.75%. It increased significantly from 48.84% in children aged 0-1 years old to 88.64% in those aged 20-29 years (p 40 years old with a significant gender-specific difference (p 40 years without a gender-specific difference. Nearly 50% of the children
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Research advances in molecular epidemiology and vaccines of Coxsackievirus A16
Chinese journal of virology, 2014Co-Authors: Xiang-peng Chen, Wenbo XuAbstract:: Epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have mainly been caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and Enterovirus A 71 (EV-A71), which circulated alternatively or together in the affected area. CVA16 has caused numerous outbreaks and epidemics in multiple countries and geographical regions, and has become an important public health problem. Based on an analysis of the complete VP1 coding region, all CVA16 strains can be divided into genotypes A, B1, and B2. Furthermore, genotype B1 can be divided into subgenotypes B1a, B1b, and B1c. After 2000, no reports of genotype B2 virus strains have been reported. All of the CVA16 strains reported in mainland China have belonged to subgenotypes B1a and B1b. Most CVA16-associated infections cause only mild symptoms; however, some CVA16 infections can lead to severe complications and even death. Vaccination is considered to be the most effective method to control the transmission and infection rate of this virus. A number of research groups are studying various vaccine types, including inactivated vaccines, genetic engineering vaccines, and DNA vaccines, amongst others. In this review, an overview is provided of the research advances in molecular epidemiology and vaccines of CVA16.
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Genetic characteristics of VP1 encoding region of Coxsackievirus A16 in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 2010
Chinese Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2014Co-Authors: Wenbo XuAbstract:Objective To reveal the genetic characteristics of VP1 encoding region of Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,2010.Methods With specific primers,reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to amplify the complete VP1 encoding sequence from CA16 isolates,which were isolates from hand,foot,and mouth disease (HFMD) patients in Ningxia in 2010.The VP1 sequences were determined,and analyzed with bioinformatic software.Results Totally,VP1 of 62 CA16 strains were determined,showing 90.1％-100％ (average,94.5％) identities of nucleotide sequences and 98.7％-100％ (average,99.6％) identities of amino acid sequences.On phylogenetic tree,all of the viruses in this study clustered together with subgenotype B1,which could be divided into clade B1a and B1b further.And viruses from each prefecture in Ningxia included both clade B1a and clade B1b.Conclusions Consistent with CA16 from other provinces,CA16 circulating in Ningxia in 2010 included both clade B1a and B1b.These viruses showed high diversity of VP1 nucleotide sequences,suggesting heterologous CA16 strains were co-circulating in Ningxia in year 2010. Key words: Coxsackievirus infections; Hand, foot, and mouth disease; Epidemiology, molecular
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Immunoprotective effect of inactivated Coxsackievirus A16 vaccine in mice
Chinese journal of virology, 2014Co-Authors: Xiang-peng Chen, Yong Zhang, Wenbo XuAbstract:: This study aims to construct inactivated Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) vaccine and to investigate its protective effect in ICR mice. A clinical isolate of CVA16, 521-01T, was cultured in VERO cells, inactivated by formaldehyde, and purified by ultracentrifugation for vaccine preparation. Purity and other characteristics of the vaccine were determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Female ICR mice were subcutaneously inoculated with inactivated CVA16 or Al(OH)3-absorbed CVA16, followed by booster immunization at the end of 2 and 4 weeks. CVA16-specific IgG titers in serum were determined by ELISA, and titers of neutralizing antibodies were determined by viral neutralization assay. The immunity of T lymphocytes was evaluated by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay. The protective effect was evaluated by challenging the neonatal offspring (< 48 hours) of vaccinated female mice with 1 000 LD50 of CVA16 521-01T. The mortality rates of different groups were compared. The results showed that Al(OH)3 +CVA16 could induce high titers of specific IgG antibodies in ICR mice. After being boosted two times, the serum IgG antibody titer could reach up to 1 : 1 x 10(5) (P = 0.000), and neutralizing antibody titer was higher than 1 : 256. Additionally, more spot forming cells were induced in the immunized groups than in the negative controls. The maternal antibodies showed protective effect in 100% of the neonatal mice challenged with 1 000 LD50 of CVA16 521-01T. The inactivated CVA16 vaccine has ideal immunogenicity and immunoprotective effect. This research lays a foundation for the development and evaluation of CVA16 vaccines.
Zhiqiang Ku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coxsackievirus A16 utilizes cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans as its attachment receptor
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Xueyang Zhang, Zhiqiang Ku, Xiaohua Ye, Chao Zhang, Zhong HuangAbstract:Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the major pathogens responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease, which affects more than two million children in the Asian-Pacific region annually. Previous st...
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Coxsackievirus A16 utilizes cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans as its attachment receptor.
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Xueyang Zhang, Zhiqiang Ku, Xiaohua Ye, Chao Zhang, Zhong HuangAbstract:Coxsackievirus A16 utilizes cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans as its attachment receptor
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beta propiolactone inactivation of Coxsackievirus A16 induces structural alteration and surface modification of viral capsids
Journal of Virology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaohua Ye, Zhiqiang Ku, Liangliang Kong, Cong Xu, Yao Cong, Zhong HuangAbstract:ABSTRACT Beta-propiolactone (BPL) is an inactivating agent that is widely used in the vaccine industry. However, its effects on vaccine protein antigens and its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of BPL-treated Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) mature virions and procapsids at resolutions of 3.9 A and 6.5 A, respectively. Notably, both particles were found to adopt an expanded conformation resembling the 135S-like uncoating intermediate, with characteristic features including an opened 2-fold channel, the externalization of the N terminus of VP1 capsid protein, and the absence of pocket factor. However, major neutralizing epitopes are very well preserved on these particles. Further biochemical analyses revealed that BPL treatment impairs the abilities of CVA16 particles to bind to the attachment receptor heparan sulfate and to a conformation-dependent monoclonal antibody in a BPL dose-dependent manner, indicating that BPL is able to modify surface-exposed amino acid residues. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BPL treatment may induce alteration of the overall structure and surface properties of a nonenveloped viral capsid, thus revealing a novel mode of action of BPL. IMPORTANCE Beta-propiolactone (BPL) is commonly used as an inactivating reagent to produce viral vaccines. It is recognized that BPL inactivates viral infectivity through modification of viral nucleic acids. However, its effect on viral proteins remains largely unknown. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-EM structures of BPL-treated Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) mature virions and procapsids, which reveals an expanded overall conformation and characteristic features that are typical for the 135S-like uncoating intermediate. We further show that the BPL concentration affects the binding of inactivated CVA16 particles to their receptor/antibody. Thus, BPL treatment can alter the overall structure and surface properties of viral capsids, which may lead to antigenic and immunogenic variations. Our findings provide important information for future development of BPL-inactivated vaccines.
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a virus like particle vaccine for Coxsackievirus A16 potently elicits neutralizing antibodies that protect mice against lethal challenge
Vaccine, 2012Co-Authors: Yanfang Feng, Xulin Huang, Zhiqiang Ku, Zhong HuangAbstract:Abstract Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the main causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which has been prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region over the last several years. However, no vaccine is yet available to prevent HFMD. Here we report the development of a virus-like particle (VLP) based experimental CVA16 vaccine. CVA16 VLPs were produced in insect cells by co-expression of the P1 and 3CD proteins of CVA16 using recombinant baculoviruses. Biochemical and biophysical analyses showed that CVA16 VLPs consisted of processed VP0, VP1 and VP3, and were present as ∼30 nm spherical particles. Immunization with VLPs potently elicited CVA16-specific serum antibody responses in mice. Anti-VLP sera strongly neutralized in vitro both the homologous and heterologous strains of CVA16. More importantly, passive immunization with anti-VLP sera conferred protection against lethal CVA16 challenge in neonate mice, indicating a humoral mechanism of protection. Collectively, our results represent a successful first step toward the development of a safe and effective vaccine against CVA16 infection.
Xiaohua Ye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coxsackievirus A16 utilizes cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans as its attachment receptor.
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Xueyang Zhang, Zhiqiang Ku, Xiaohua Ye, Chao Zhang, Zhong HuangAbstract:Coxsackievirus A16 utilizes cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans as its attachment receptor
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Coxsackievirus A16 utilizes cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans as its attachment receptor
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Xueyang Zhang, Zhiqiang Ku, Xiaohua Ye, Chao Zhang, Zhong HuangAbstract:Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the major pathogens responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease, which affects more than two million children in the Asian-Pacific region annually. Previous st...
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beta propiolactone inactivation of Coxsackievirus A16 induces structural alteration and surface modification of viral capsids
Journal of Virology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaohua Ye, Zhiqiang Ku, Liangliang Kong, Cong Xu, Yao Cong, Zhong HuangAbstract:ABSTRACT Beta-propiolactone (BPL) is an inactivating agent that is widely used in the vaccine industry. However, its effects on vaccine protein antigens and its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of BPL-treated Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) mature virions and procapsids at resolutions of 3.9 A and 6.5 A, respectively. Notably, both particles were found to adopt an expanded conformation resembling the 135S-like uncoating intermediate, with characteristic features including an opened 2-fold channel, the externalization of the N terminus of VP1 capsid protein, and the absence of pocket factor. However, major neutralizing epitopes are very well preserved on these particles. Further biochemical analyses revealed that BPL treatment impairs the abilities of CVA16 particles to bind to the attachment receptor heparan sulfate and to a conformation-dependent monoclonal antibody in a BPL dose-dependent manner, indicating that BPL is able to modify surface-exposed amino acid residues. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BPL treatment may induce alteration of the overall structure and surface properties of a nonenveloped viral capsid, thus revealing a novel mode of action of BPL. IMPORTANCE Beta-propiolactone (BPL) is commonly used as an inactivating reagent to produce viral vaccines. It is recognized that BPL inactivates viral infectivity through modification of viral nucleic acids. However, its effect on viral proteins remains largely unknown. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-EM structures of BPL-treated Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) mature virions and procapsids, which reveals an expanded overall conformation and characteristic features that are typical for the 135S-like uncoating intermediate. We further show that the BPL concentration affects the binding of inactivated CVA16 particles to their receptor/antibody. Thus, BPL treatment can alter the overall structure and surface properties of viral capsids, which may lead to antigenic and immunogenic variations. Our findings provide important information for future development of BPL-inactivated vaccines.
Yong Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seroprevalence of enterovirus a71 and Coxsackievirus A16 in healthy people in shandong province china
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Jianxing Wang, Jing Wang, Yong Zhang, Xianjun Wang, Wenbo Xu, Shujun DingAbstract:BACKGROUND: Hand, foot, and mouth disease has become very common in mainland of China in recent years, and enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 are its major etiologic factors. Here we investigated the seroprevalence of enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 based on a large group of healthy individuals in Shandong province, China. METHODS: A total of 1378 healthy individuals were tested for serum neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 using a micro neutralization test. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of enterovirus A71 neutralizing antibodies was 74.75%. It increased significantly from 48.84% in children aged 0-1 years old to 88.64% in those aged 20-29 years (p 40 years old with a significant gender-specific difference (p 40 years without a gender-specific difference. Nearly 50% of the children <1 year were susceptible to enterovirus A71 infection versus 40% to Coxsackievirus A16 infection. Sample collection time and place also played a role in the enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 positive rates. The overall rates in January were significantly lower than those in April and August (p < 0.01); enterovirus A71 positive rates in Jinan city (capital city of Shandong province) were lower than those in Jining city and Zibo city (p < 0.05); and oxsackievirus A16 positive rates in Jining city were significantly higher than those in Jinan city and Zibo city (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: There were significant differences among age groups, locations, and time points in the seroprevalence rates of enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 neutralizing antibodies in healthy people in Shandong province.
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Seroprevalence of Enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 in Healthy People in Shandong Province, China.
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Jianxing Wang, Jing Wang, Yong Zhang, Xianjun Wang, Wenbo Xu, Shujun DingAbstract:BACKGROUND: Hand, foot, and mouth disease has become very common in mainland of China in recent years, and enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 are its major etiologic factors. Here we investigated the seroprevalence of enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 based on a large group of healthy individuals in Shandong province, China. METHODS: A total of 1378 healthy individuals were tested for serum neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus A71 and Coxsackievirus A16 using a micro neutralization test. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of enterovirus A71 neutralizing antibodies was 74.75%. It increased significantly from 48.84% in children aged 0-1 years old to 88.64% in those aged 20-29 years (p 40 years old with a significant gender-specific difference (p 40 years without a gender-specific difference. Nearly 50% of the children
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Immunoprotective effect of inactivated Coxsackievirus A16 vaccine in mice
Chinese journal of virology, 2014Co-Authors: Xiang-peng Chen, Yong Zhang, Wenbo XuAbstract:: This study aims to construct inactivated Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) vaccine and to investigate its protective effect in ICR mice. A clinical isolate of CVA16, 521-01T, was cultured in VERO cells, inactivated by formaldehyde, and purified by ultracentrifugation for vaccine preparation. Purity and other characteristics of the vaccine were determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Female ICR mice were subcutaneously inoculated with inactivated CVA16 or Al(OH)3-absorbed CVA16, followed by booster immunization at the end of 2 and 4 weeks. CVA16-specific IgG titers in serum were determined by ELISA, and titers of neutralizing antibodies were determined by viral neutralization assay. The immunity of T lymphocytes was evaluated by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay. The protective effect was evaluated by challenging the neonatal offspring (< 48 hours) of vaccinated female mice with 1 000 LD50 of CVA16 521-01T. The mortality rates of different groups were compared. The results showed that Al(OH)3 +CVA16 could induce high titers of specific IgG antibodies in ICR mice. After being boosted two times, the serum IgG antibody titer could reach up to 1 : 1 x 10(5) (P = 0.000), and neutralizing antibody titer was higher than 1 : 256. Additionally, more spot forming cells were induced in the immunized groups than in the negative controls. The maternal antibodies showed protective effect in 100% of the neonatal mice challenged with 1 000 LD50 of CVA16 521-01T. The inactivated CVA16 vaccine has ideal immunogenicity and immunoprotective effect. This research lays a foundation for the development and evaluation of CVA16 vaccines.
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molecular epidemiology of Coxsackievirus A16 intratype and prevalent intertype recombination identified
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Xiang-peng Chen, Yong Zhang, Baomin Zhang, Jing Li, Liming Gong, Mei Hong, Shuang Zhang, Wenbo XuAbstract:Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is responsible for nearly 50% of all the confirmed hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases in mainland China, sometimes it could also cause severe complications, and even death. To clarify the genetic characteristics and the epidemic patterns of CVA16 in mainland China, comprehensive bioinfomatics analyses were performed by using 35 CVA16 whole genome sequences from 1998 to 2011, 593 complete CVA16 VP1 sequences from 1981 to 2011, and prototype strains of human enterovirus species A (EV-A). Analysis on complete VP1 sequences revealed that subgenotypes B1a and B1b were prevalent strains and have been co-circulating in many Asian countries since 2000, especially in mainland China for at least 13 years. While the prevalence of subgenotype B1c (totally 20 strains) was much limited, only found in Malaysia from 2005 to 2007 and in France in 2010. Genotype B2 only caused epidemic in Japan and Malaysia from 1981 to 2000. Both subgenotypes B1a and B1b were potential recombinant viruses containing sequences from other EV-A donors in the 5’-untranslated region and P2, P3 non-structural protein encoding regions.
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retrospective seroepidemiology indicated that human enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 circulated wildly in central and southern china before large scale outbreaks from 2008
Virology Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Jitao Wang, Yong Zhang, Dongyan Wang, Liuying Tang, Zhaohui Yang, Xiaohong Jiang, Yixin Ji, Wenbo XuAbstract:Background Large nationwide outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) occurred in China from 2008; most of the cases were in children under 5 years. This study aims to identify the situation of natural human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) infections in children before 2008 in China.
