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Reinhard Saborowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seasonal lipid dynamics of the shrimps Crangon Crangon and Pandalus montagui in the German Bight (North Sea)
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2019Co-Authors: Diana Martinez-alarcon, Reinhard Saborowski, Eleni Melis, Wilhelm HagenAbstract:Environmental fluctuations can impose energetic constraints on organisms in terms of food shortage or compensation for metabolic stress. To better understand the biochemical strategies that support adaptive physiological processes in variable environments, we studied the lipid dynamics of the brown shrimp Crangon Crangon and the pink shrimp Pandalus montagui by analysing their midgut glands during an annual cycle. Both species have an overlapping distribu- tion range in the southern North Sea, but differ in their habitat preferences, reproductive strate- gies, and life-history traits. C. Crangon showed minor total lipid accumulation in their midgut glands, ranging between 14 and 17% of dry mass (DM), dominated by phospholipids. In contrast, P. montagui stored significantly larger amounts of total lipid (47−70% DM, mainly triacylglycer- ols) and showed a distinct seasonal cycle in lipid accumulation with a maximum in summer. Fatty acid trophic markers indicated a wide food spectrum for both species, with higher preferences of P. montagui for microalgae. In C. Crangon, feeding preferences were less distinct due the low total lipid levels in the midgut gland. PCA based on fatty acid compositions of both species suggested that C. Crangon has a broader dietary spectrum than P. montagui. C. Crangon seems to have the capacity to use sufficient energy directly from ingested food to fuel all metabolic requirements, including multiple spawnings, without building up large lipid reserves in the midgut gland. P. montagui, in contrast, relies more on the energy storage function of the midgut gland to over- come food scarcity and to allocate lipids for reproduction.
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Transcriptome analysis of the midgut gland of the brown shrimp Crangon Crangon indicates high polymorphism in digestive enzymes.
Marine genomics, 2018Co-Authors: Diana Martinez-alarcon, Wilhelm Hagen, Lars Harms, Reinhard SaborowskiAbstract:Tolerance of organisms towards heterogeneous and variable environments is highly related to physiological flexibility. An effective strategy to enhance physiological flexibility is the expression of polymorphic enzymes. This seems to be the case in the brown shrimp Crangon Crangon. It shows high reproduction rates, feeds opportunistically on endo- and epibenthic organisms, and is apparently well adapted to variable environmental conditions. Previous electrophoretic studies revealed a high level of polymorphism and no consistent phenotype of digestive enzymes between individuals. In order to understand the underlying biochemical processes, we carried out a transcriptome-based study of digestive enzymes of C. Crangon. Detailed sequence analyses of triacylglycerol lipase, phospholipase A2, alpha amylase, chitinase, trypsin and cathepsin L were performed to identify putative isoforms. The number of isoforms, and thus the degree of polymorphism varied among enzymes: lipases and carbohydrases showed higher numbers of isoforms in enzymes that besides their extracellular function also have diverse intracellular functions. Furthermore, cysteine proteinases showed a lower polymorphism than serine proteinases. We suggest that the expression of enzyme isoforms improves the efficiency of C. Crangon in gaining energy from different food sources.
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Hepatopancreas Transcriptome Analysis of the Brown Shrimp, Crangon Crangon (Decapoda, Caridea), Reveals Expression of Polymorphic Digestive Enzymes
2018Co-Authors: Diana Martinez-alarcon, Wilhelm Hagen, Lars Harms, Reinhard SaborowskiAbstract:The brown shrimp Crangon Crangon shows high reproduction rates, feeds opportunistically on endo- and epibenthic organisms and is apparently well adapted to variable environmental conditions. Previous electrophoretic studies revealed a high level of polymorphism and no consistent phenotype of digestive enzymes between individuals. In order to understand the biological reason of digestive enzymes polymorphism and underlying biochemical processes, we performed a transcriptome-based study of digestive enzymes of C. Crangon. Detailed sequence analyses of triacylglycerol lipase, phospholipase A2, alpha-amylase, chitinase, trypsin and cathepsin L were performed to identify putative isoforms. The number of isoforms varied among enzymes: for lipases, phospholipase A2 showed a higher number of isoforms than triacylglycerol lipase, while carbohydrase chitinase showed a higher number of isoforms in comparison with alpha amylase. Furthermore, cysteine proteinases showed a lower polymorphism than serine proteinases. We propose that the expression of polymorphic digestive enzymes indicates high plasticity in food utilization by the brown shrimp. Alternative splicing may be the driving force of the heterogeneous patterns of digestive enzymes in C. Crangon.
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Proteasome properties of hemocytes differ between the whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei and the brown shrimp Crangon Crangon (Crustacea, Decapoda)
Cell Stress and Chaperones, 2017Co-Authors: Sandra Götze, Reinhard Saborowski, Oliviert Martínez-cruz, Adriana Muhlia-almazán, Arturo Sánchez-pazAbstract:Crustaceans are intensively farmed in aquaculture facilities where they are vulnerable to parasites, bacteria, or viruses, often severely compromising the rearing success. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is crucial for the maintenance of cellular integrity. Analogous to higher vertebrates, the UPS of crustaceans may also play an important role in stress resistance and pathogen defense. We studied the general properties of the proteasome system in the hemocytes of the whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei , and the European brown shrimp Crangon Crangon . The 20S proteasome was the predominant proteasome population in the hemocytes of both species. The specific activities of the trypsin-like (Try-like), chymotrypsin-like (Chy-like), and caspase-like (Cas-like) enzymes of the shrimp proteasome differed between species. P. vannamei exhibited a higher ratio of Try-like to Chy-like activities and Cas-like to Chy-like activities than C. Crangon . Notably, the Chy-like activity of P. vannamei showed substrate or product inhibition at concentrations of more than 25 mmol L^−1. The K _M values ranged from 0.072 mmol L^−1 for the Try-like activity of P. vannamei to 0.309 mmol L^−1 for the Cas-like activity of C. Crangon . Inhibition of the proteasome of P. vannamei by proteasome inhibitors was stronger than in C. Crangon . The pH profiles were similar in both species. The Try-like, Chy-like, and Cas-like sites showed the highest activities between pH 7.5 and 8.5. The proteasomes of both species were sensitive against repeated freezing and thawing losing ~80–90% of activity. This study forms the basis for future investigations on the shrimp response against infectious diseases, and the role of the UPS therein.
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Integrated gene expression and protein analyses of digestive enzymes in the brown shrimp Crangon Crangon
2017Co-Authors: Diana Martinez-alarcon, Wilhelm Hagen, Reinhard SaborowskiAbstract:The brown shrimp, Crangon Crangon, has high reproduction rates, is an opportunistic feeder on endo and epibenthic organisms, and is apparently well adapted to variable environmental conditions. Previous studies revealed unusual expression patterns of digestive endopeptidases with high variability between individuals and between seasons. Such a pronounced variability is not common in other decapod species. The reasons for the heterogeneity of digestive enzymes in C. Crangon are not yet clear, but it may help to explain the extraordinary performance of C. Crangon in a highly variable environment. We established a transcriptome-based expression analysis of anabolic and catabolic digestive key enzymes of C. Crangon to compare gene expression rates with enzyme activities. Additionally, detailed sequence analyses will be applied to identify multiple gene products. First results indicate that specific enzymes, particularly trypsin and triacylglycerol lipase, are differentially expressed. Statistical analyses suggest that only a minority of the assayed shrimp exhibit high expression levels of enzyme transcripts, whereas most individuals show low expression rates confirming heterogeneity of digestive enzyme transcription. The strategy of integrated gene expression and protein analyses will elucidate biochemical strategies, which support adaptive physiological processes of C. Crangon in a highly variable and seasonally changing environment.
Guy Smagghe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Exploration of the virome of the European brown shrimp (Crangon Crangon).
The Journal of general virology, 2020Co-Authors: Benigna Van Eynde, Olivier Christiaens, Daan Delbare, Chenyan Shi, Emiel Vanhulle, Claude Kwe Yinda, Jelle Matthijnssens, Guy SmaggheAbstract:Crangon Crangon is economically a very important species. Recently, promising culture attempts have been made, but a major problem is the uncontrollable mortality during the grow-out phase. As of yet, the life cycle of C. Crangon is not closed in captivity so wild-caught individuals are used for further rearing. Therefore, it is important to investigate the virome of C. Crangon both in wild-caught animals as in cultured animals. In recent years, next-generation-sequencing (NGS) technologies have been very important in the unravelling of the virome of a wide range of environments and matrices, such as soil, sea, potable water, but also of a wide range of animal species. This will be the first report of a virome study in C. Crangon using NGS in combination with the NetoVIR protocol. The near complete genomes of 16 novel viruses were described, most of which were rather distantly related to unclassified viruses or viruses belonging to the Picornavirales, Bunyavirales Nudiviridae, Parvoviridae, Flaviviridae, Hepeviridae, Tombusviridae, Narnaviridae, Nodaviridae, Sobemovirus. A difference in virome composition was observed between muscle and hepatopancreatic tissue, suggesting a distinct tissue tropism of several of these viruses. Some differences in the viral composition were noted between the cultured and wild shrimp, which could indicate that in sub-optimal aquaculture conditions some viruses become more abundant. This research showed that a plethora of unknown viruses is present in C. Crangon and that more research is needed to determine which virus is potentially dangerous for the culture of C. Crangon.
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Tributyltin: A bottom-up regulator of the Crangon Crangon population?
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019Co-Authors: K. Parmentier, Daan Delbare, Guy Smagghe, Yves Verhaegen, Bavo P. De Witte, Stefan Hoffman, Patrick Roose, Ketil Hylland, Thierry Burgeot, Kris CooremanAbstract:The restrictions and the concerted action of the global ban on the use and presence of tributyltin (TBT) in marine applications to protect ecosystems in the marine environment in 2008 was mainly based on the economic impact on shellfish industries and the dramatic extinction of local mollusc populations in the past. In contrast to the vast datasets on effects on molluscs, the knowledge on impacts on species from other taxa remained in the uncertain until almost two decades ago. The assumption on a long-term TBT-mediated pernicious metabolic bottom-up regulation of the crustacean Crangon Crangon population was provoked by the outcome of an EU-project ‘Sources, Consumer Exposure and Risks of Organotin Contamination in Seafood’. This study reported high TBT body burdens in C. Crangon in 2003, at the start of the transition period to the global ban. Experimental research on the TBT impact in C. Crangon focused on agonistic interference with natural ecdysteroid hormones at the metabolic pathways regulating growth and reproduction and the biogeochemical distribution of the chemical. In this paper, metabolic, topical and population-relevant biological endpoints in C. Crangon and other crustaceans are evaluated in relation to the temporal and spatial trends on TBT’s occurrence and distribution in the field during and after the introduction of the tributyltin restrictions and endocrine-related incidents. Arguments are forwarded to relate the German Bight incident on growth and reproduction failure in the C. Crangon population, despite the lack of direct evidence, to the pernicious impact of tributyltin in 1990/91 and previous years. The extreme occurrence of TBT in C. Crangon from other parts of the southern North Sea and evidence on the high body burdens as dose metrics of exposure also feeds the suspicion on detrimental impacts in those areas. This paper further demonstrates the complexity of distinguishing and assessing the individual roles of unrelated stressors on a population in an integrated evaluation at the ecosystem level.
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Development and application of a duplex PCR assay for detection of Crangon Crangon bacilliform virus in populations of European brown shrimp (Crangon Crangon).
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2018Co-Authors: Benigna Van Eynde, Olivier Christiaens, Daan Delbare, K. Cooreman, Kelly S. Bateman, Grant D. Stentiford, Annette M. Dullemans, Monique M. Van Oers, Guy SmaggheAbstract:Abstract Crangon Crangon bacilliform virus (CcBV) was first discovered in 2004 in European brown shrimp (Crangon Crangon) caught along the English coast. This study describes a duplex PCR assay developed for the detection of CcBV, based on amplification of the lef-8 gene (211 bp) of CcBV and the E75 gene (105 bp) of C. Crangon as an internal amplification control. The lef-8 and E75 primer pairs were designed based on preliminary genome sequencing information of the virus and transcriptomic data available for C. Crangon, respectively. Sequencing of the resulting amplicons confirmed the specificity of this PCR assay and sequence analysis of the lef-8 fragment revealed amino acid identity percentages ranging between 31 and 42% with members of the Nudiviridae, proposing that CcBV may reside within this family. Finally, the duplex PCR assay was applied to samples of C. Crangon hepatopancreas tissue collected along the Belgian coast to screen for the presence of CcBV. The prevalence of CcBV averaged 87%, which is comparable to previous reports of high prevalence, based upon histological analysis, in shrimp collected along the English coast. Development of a specific and sensitive PCR assay to detect CcBV will provide a useful tool for future aquaculture and research programs involving C. Crangon.
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Differential transcriptome analysis of the common shrimp Crangon Crangon: special focus on the nuclear receptors and RNAi-related genes.
General and comparative endocrinology, 2014Co-Authors: Olivier Christiaens, Daan Delbare, K. Cooreman, Christophe Van Neste, Kaat Cappelle, Ruben De Wilde, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Dieter Deforce, Guy SmaggheAbstract:The decapod Crangon Crangon is one of the most valuable European fisheries commodities. Despite its economic importance, little sequence data is available for this shrimp species. In this paper, we report the transcriptome sequencing for five different stages of C. Crangon (early embryo, late embryo, larva, female adults and male adults) and the annotation and stage-specific expression analysis of nuclear receptors (NRs) and RNA interference (RNAi)-related genes. The NRs are transcription factors that play an essential role in growth, development, cell differentiation, molting/metamorphosis and reproduction, while the RNAi-related genes are very important for internal gene expression regulation and in antiviral defense. We discovered a NR in the female C. Crangon which is either a very rapidly evolved homolog of HR10, or a novel NR altogether. This new NR could act as a biological marker for sex determination as it is not expressed in male adults. Most RNAi-related genes were present in C. Crangon, proving that the requirements for successful RNAi is present in this decapod shrimp. RNAi-based applications in Crangon such as its use in functional genomics or as antiviral therapeutics could become very important in the near future.
Miguel ângelo Pardal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life history strategy of a southern european population of brown shrimp Crangon Crangon l evidence for latitudinal changes in growth phenology and population dynamics
Marine Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Ivan Viegas, Sonia Cotrim Marques, Filipa Bessa, Ana Ligia Primo, Filipe Martinho, Ulisses Miranda Azeiteiro, Miguel ângelo PardalAbstract:This study provides a comprehensive examination of the life cycle dynamics of the brown shrimp (Crangon Crangon L.) in the Mondego estuary, Portugal, a habitat located near the southern edge of the range of this species in European waters. The phenology of all life stages was documented (from the occurrence of ovigerous females, developing embryos, planktonic larvae and benthic post-larvae), and migration patterns of larvae into and out of the estuary were examined. Temperature-dependent functions of egg and larval development were combined with data on field abundance to predict the timing and magnitude of occurrence of larvae and recruits. Compared to brown shrimp at higher latitudes, southern conspecifics grow slower, mature earlier and have smaller brood sizes, and larvae have a more protracted settlement period. The Mondego estuary, besides acting as nursery area, is a dynamic platform for C. Crangon to use in different stages, sizes and seasons.
G P Zauke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bioaccumulation of trace metals in the brown shrimp Crangon Crangon linnaeus 1758 from the german wadden sea
Aquatic Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: K Jung, G P ZaukeAbstract:Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the suitability of the brown shrimp Crangon Crangon (Linnaeus, 1758) from the German Wadden Sea as a biomonitor for the trace metals Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn and to analyse whether the two-compartment model sensu OECD could be used as a predictive tool to assess environmental quality. The tested decapods accumulated Cd and Pb upon exposure and it was possible to estimate significant model parameters of two-compartment models, while they did not respond to waterborn Cu and Zn. Kinetic BCFs at theoretical equilibrium were 860 for Cd and 750 for Pb. A tentative estimation showed the following sensitivity of C. Crangon to an increase of soluble metal exposure: 0.4 μg Cd l−1 and 0.9 μg Pb l−1. Available information can be used to quantify a measure of agreement or disagreement between bioaccumulation in various decapods. This can be regarded as an important step in the calibration of biomonitors, which is necessary to assess the potential for bioaccumulation on different temporal and geographical scales.
Ulisses Miranda Azeiteiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life history strategy of a southern european population of brown shrimp Crangon Crangon l evidence for latitudinal changes in growth phenology and population dynamics
Marine Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Ivan Viegas, Sonia Cotrim Marques, Filipa Bessa, Ana Ligia Primo, Filipe Martinho, Ulisses Miranda Azeiteiro, Miguel ângelo PardalAbstract:This study provides a comprehensive examination of the life cycle dynamics of the brown shrimp (Crangon Crangon L.) in the Mondego estuary, Portugal, a habitat located near the southern edge of the range of this species in European waters. The phenology of all life stages was documented (from the occurrence of ovigerous females, developing embryos, planktonic larvae and benthic post-larvae), and migration patterns of larvae into and out of the estuary were examined. Temperature-dependent functions of egg and larval development were combined with data on field abundance to predict the timing and magnitude of occurrence of larvae and recruits. Compared to brown shrimp at higher latitudes, southern conspecifics grow slower, mature earlier and have smaller brood sizes, and larvae have a more protracted settlement period. The Mondego estuary, besides acting as nursery area, is a dynamic platform for C. Crangon to use in different stages, sizes and seasons.