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Blaire Van Valkenburgh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The impact of extreme skull morphology in domestic dogs on Cribriform Plate shape.
    Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Christiane Jacquemetton, Abigail Drexler, Gavin Kellerman, Deborah Bird, Blaire Van Valkenburgh
    Abstract:

    Dog owners are often impressed by their dog's sense of smell. Many of these dogs, however, have skulls that are quite altered from those of their closest canid relatives. Housed within these skulls are essential olfactory structures like the Cribriform Plate that play a role in olfaction and the transmission of olfactory nerve impulses to the olfactory bulb of the brain. With improvements in CT technology and accessibility, we are now able to digitally reconstruct in 3D Cribriform Plate morphology and study its variation within and among species. In this study, we CT scanned the skulls of 95 dog specimens from 45 different domestic dog breeds and 12 species of wild canid and compared the shape of the Cribriform Plate among three main groups: domestic dog breeds, wolf-like canids, and fox-like canids. Despite only recent selective pressure for extreme skull morphology, domestic dogs display much more variation in Cribriform Plate shape than wild canids, indicating that Cribriform Plate shape is plastic and linked to skull shape. Intense artificial selection on domestic dog skull phenotype in the last 200 years has clear effects on secondary features of the domestic dog skull, implying that selection for overt phenotypes also can impact other anatomical features associated with the skull, like the Cribriform Plate.

  • Supplementary Movie S1 from Olfaction written in bone: Cribriform Plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
    2018
    Co-Authors: Deborah J. Bird, William J Murphy, Robe A Eagle, Lester Fox-rosales, Iman Hamid, Blaire Van Valkenburgh
    Abstract:

    The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORGs), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odour perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSN axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the Cribriform Plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared after accounting for body size. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and re-examining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis), we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid

  • Supplementary Movie S1 from Olfaction written in bone: Cribriform Plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
    2018
    Co-Authors: Deborah J. Bird, William J Murphy, Robe A Eagle, Lester Fox-rosales, Iman Hamid, Blaire Van Valkenburgh
    Abstract:

    The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORGs), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odour perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSNs axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the Cribriform Plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared when body size effects were accounted for. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and re-examining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis), we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid

  • Supplementary Figures and Tables from Olfaction written in bone: Cribriform Plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
    2018
    Co-Authors: Deborah J. Bird, William J Murphy, Robe A Eagle, Lester Fox-rosales, Iman Hamid, Blaire Van Valkenburgh
    Abstract:

    The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORGs), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odour perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSN axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the Cribriform Plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared after accounting for body size. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and re-examining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis), we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid

  • Supplementary Figures and Tables from Olfaction written in bone: Cribriform Plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
    2018
    Co-Authors: Deborah J. Bird, William J Murphy, Robe A Eagle, Lester Fox-rosales, Iman Hamid, Blaire Van Valkenburgh
    Abstract:

    The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORGs), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odour perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSNs axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the Cribriform Plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared when body size effects were accounted for. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and re-examining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis), we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid

Philip D Koblik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluation of survey radiography linear tomography and computed tomography for detecting experimental lesions of the Cribriform Plate in dogs
    Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 1990
    Co-Authors: Clifford R Berry, Philip D Koblik
    Abstract:

    Survey radiography, linear tomography, and computed tomography were used to image Cribriform Plate lesions that were created experimentally using intramedullary pins in 18 dog cadaver skulls. Computed and linear tomographic images were taken along the dorsal imaging plane. Studies were independently reviewed by five observers. Results were combined so that the relative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each imaging technique could be compared using chi-square analysis. Computed tomography proved to be significantly more sensitive and accurate (p<0.05) than either linear tomography or survey radiography. Computed tomographic images were consistently of good to excellent quality for imaging the Cribriform Plate. It was concluded that computed tomography of the skull using a dorsal imaging plane was the best available imaging modality for detecting 3-mm and 5-mm experimentally created Cribriform Plate defects.

  • Evaluation of survey radiography, linear tomography and computed tomography for detecting experimental lesions of the Cribriform Plate in dogs.
    Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 1990
    Co-Authors: Clifford R Berry, Philip D Koblik
    Abstract:

    Survey radiography, linear tomography, and computed tomography were used to image Cribriform Plate lesions that were created experimentally using intramedullary pins in 18 dog cadaver skulls. Computed and linear tomographic images were taken along the dorsal imaging plane. Studies were independently reviewed by five observers. Results were combined so that the relative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each imaging technique could be compared using chi-square analysis. Computed tomography proved to be significantly more sensitive and accurate (p

  • Dorsal plane computed tomographic imaging of the ethmoid region to evaluate chronic nasal disease in the dog.
    Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 1990
    Co-Authors: Philip D Koblik, Clifford R Berry
    Abstract:

    Computed tomographic anatomy of the normal canine ethmoid region using both transverse and dorsal imaging plane is described. In the transverse plane, the Cribriform Plate appears as an irregular heart-shaped to rectangular structure that is generally visualized on no more than one to two contiguous 4-mm slices. In the dorsal plane, the Cribriform Plate appears as a discrete “V”-shaped structure and can be visualized on four to five contiguous slices. Successful visualization of the Cribriform was less dependent on patient positioning for the dorsal plane imaging studies. Computed tomographic findings in four dogs with chronic nasal disease and complete postmortem examination of the ethmoid region indicate that the dorsal imaging plane allows a more accurate assessment of Cribriform Plate involvement than the transverse imaging plane.

Van Valkenburgh Blaire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Data from: Olfaction written in bone: Cribriform Plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
    2018
    Co-Authors: Bird, Deborah J., Fox-rosales Lester, Hamid Iman, Murphy, William J., Eagle, Robert A., Van Valkenburgh Blaire
    Abstract:

    The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy, and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORG), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odor perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSNs axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the Cribriform Plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared when body size effects were accounted for. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and reexamining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons, and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis) we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid

  • Movie of Cribriform Plate and nasal anatomy within skull.
    2018
    Co-Authors: Bird Deborah, Murphy William, Fox-rosales Lester, Hamid Iman, Eagle Robert, Van Valkenburgh Blaire
    Abstract:

    Animated 3D model of an arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) skull featuring the Cribriform Plate and general nasal anatomy.The Cribriform Plate (red) model clearly displays the perforations, or foramina, through which axon bundles from olfactory sensory neurons pass en route to the olfactory bulb of the brain. Sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium are located primarily on the ethmoturbinal (green) and nasoturbinal (yellow) bones. Maxillary turbinals, which carry respiratory epithelium are shown in blue. The arctic fox is not among the sample species but its model is used here because of its particular clarity. 3D models were constructed with Mimics and 3-matic software from high-resolution CT scans. Animations was constructed with ParaView software

  • Cribriform Plate (CP) size varies markedly across mammal species.
    2018
    Co-Authors: Bird Deborah, Murphy William, Fox-rosales Lester, Hamid Iman, Eagle Robert, Van Valkenburgh Blaire
    Abstract:

    Cribriform morphology variation seen within transparent 3D models of four mammals species. Models constructed with Mimics and 3-matics software from high-resolution CT scans.. (a,b), Lateral views. (a), Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) skull. (b), Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla). (c-f), Dorsoposterior views. (c) Armadillo. (d), Dog (Canis familiaris, saluki breed). (e), Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). (f), Gorilla. Red: Cribriform Plate (CP). Green: Turbinal bones (Ethmoid, frontal, and nasal) and partial nasal septum are only clearly viewable in lateral views)

  • Cribriform Plate surface area data for individual specimens, Excel format
    2018
    Co-Authors: Bird Deborah, Murphy William, Fox-rosales Lester, Hamid Iman, Eagle Robert, Van Valkenburgh Blaire
    Abstract:

    Identification, source, sex and morphological data for sample species. Abbreviations, AMNH: American Museum of Natural History. CMNH: Cleveland Museum of Natural History. DLC: Duke Lemur Center. DUPC: Duke University Primate Center. IZCAS: Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. LACM: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. LACMRLP: Rancho La Brea Tar Pits. MVZ: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. SDSNH: San Diego Society of Natural History. UCLA: Dickey Collection at the University of California Los Angeles. UCLAEEB: UCLA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. USNM: National Museum of Natural History. UTO: University of Texas Austin. TMM: Texas Memorial Museum. *The presence of a Cribriform Plate in the ethmoid bone of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) could not be established in this study

  • Cribriform Plate surface area data for individual specimens, .csv format
    2018
    Co-Authors: Bird Deborah, Murphy William, Fox-rosales Lester, Hamid Iman, Eagle Robert, Van Valkenburgh Blaire
    Abstract:

    Identification, source, sex and morphological data for sample species. Abbreviations, AMNH: American Museum of Natural History. CMNH: Cleveland Museum of Natural History. DLC: Duke Lemur Center. DUPC: Duke University Primate Center. IZCAS: Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. LACM: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. LACMRLP: Rancho La Brea Tar Pits. MVZ: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. SDSNH: San Diego Society of Natural History. UCLA: Dickey Collection at the University of California Los Angeles. UCLAEEB: UCLA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. USNM: National Museum of Natural History. UTO: University of Texas Austin. TMM: Texas Memorial Museum. *The presence of a Cribriform Plate in the ethmoid bone of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) could not be established in this study

Ashish C Sinha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • intracranial placement of a nasotracheal tube in a patient with goldenhar syndrome associated with Cribriform Plate agenesis
    Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2011
    Co-Authors: Frederick H Allen, James Riopelle, Ashish C Sinha
    Abstract:

    We describe a case of inadvertent intracranial placement of a nasotracheal tube in a patient with an undiagnosed major congenital cranial anomaly (a variant of Goldenhar syndrome, which included absence of the Cribriform Plate). We believe that this is the first reported case in which this complication arose as a result of a congenital abnormality rather than traumatic or iatrogenic disruption of the skull base. We conclude that patients with known craniofacial abnormalities or associated syndromes scheduled for procedures involving planned nasotracheal intubation or nasogastric tube placement should undergo preoperative cranial imaging studies to verify an intact skull base.

Orhan Ozturan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a radiological anatomic study of the Cribriform Plate compared with constant structures
    Rhinology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Gulnur Erdem, Tamer Erdem, Murat Cem Miman, Orhan Ozturan
    Abstract:

    Background: Understanding of the anterior skull base anatomy is crucial to avoid intracranial violations during endoscopic surgery. The aims of this study were to define the normative data about Cribriform Plate depth and the relationship between this dimension and the measurements of the adjacent anatomical structures such as middle turbinate length, maximal vertical orbital height and distance between the ethmoid roof and the nasal floor. Patients and Methods: Paranasal computerized tomographic scans of 136 healthy adults were included into the study. The Cribriform Plate depth compared to the ethmoid roof, and the adjacent anatomical structures mentioned above were measured bilaterally. Results: The maximal vertical orbital height was detected as the most constant anatomic measurement. We found the mean level difference between the ethmoid roof and the Cribriform Plate as 6.1 ± 2.3 (range 1-12 mm) on the left side and 6.1 ± 2.2 (1-15 mm) on the right side. The middle turbinate was significantly longer in the Keros Type I group than in the other groups (p<0,05). Furthermore, the distance between the ethmoid roof and the nasal floor was lowest in the Keros Type I group (p<0,01). The distance between the ethmoid roof and the nasal floor was statistically higher in Keros group 3 among all groups (p<0,01). The deeper the Cribriform Plate, the higher the nasal cavity. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, our study has a unique feature by including the data of the constant anatomical structures comparing with the Cribriform Plate depth. Since in the group with excessive Cribriform Plate depth, the middle turbinate was short, care should be taken especially during middle turbinate resections. SUMMARY

  • A radiological anatomic study of the Cribriform Plate compared with constant structures.
    Rhinology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Gulnur Erdem, Tamer Erdem, Murat Cem Miman, Orhan Ozturan
    Abstract:

    Background: Understanding of the anterior skull base anatomy is crucial to avoid intracranial violations during endoscopic surgery. The aims of this study were to define the normative data about Cribriform Plate depth and the relationship between this dimension and the measurements of the adjacent anatomical structures such as middle turbinate length, maximal vertical orbital height and distance between the ethmoid roof and the nasal floor. Patients and Methods: Paranasal computerized tomographic scans of 136 healthy adults were included into the study. The Cribriform Plate depth compared to the ethmoid roof, and the adjacent anatomical structures mentioned above were measured bilaterally. Results: The maximal vertical orbital height was detected as the most constant anatomic measurement. We found the mean level difference between the ethmoid roof and the Cribriform Plate as 6.1 ± 2.3 (range 1-12 mm) on the left side and 6.1 ± 2.2 (1-15 mm) on the right side. The middle turbinate was significantly longer in the Keros Type I group than in the other groups (p