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Michael J. Lynch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Neglect of Quantitative Research in Green Criminology and Its Consequences
Critical Criminology, 2017Co-Authors: Michael J. Lynch, Kimberly L. Barrett, Paul B. Stretesky, Michael A. LongAbstract:While interest in green Criminology has rapidly expanded over the past twenty-five years, much of this growth has occurred on the periphery of orthodox Criminology. This article suggests that green Criminology’s marginalization is partially a result of its non-quantitative methodology. We hypothesize that non-quantitative tendencies within green Criminology distance it from orthodox Criminology because orthodox Criminology values quantitative methods (Tewksbury et al. in J Crim Justice Educ 16(2):265–279, 2005 ). Here, we examine how neglecting quantitative research methods may contribute to inattention to green Criminology within orthodox Criminology, and we consider what can be done to change that situation. We suggest that employing quantitative approaches within green Criminology is one way to increase its appeal to mainstream Criminology, and that quantitative studies, in conjunction with other research methodologies, can also enhance generalizability of findings, influence policy, and advance theory construction and hypothesis testing.
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The classlessness state of Criminology and why Criminology without class is rather meaningless
Crime Law and Social Change, 2015Co-Authors: Michael J. LynchAbstract:Criminology has returned to a stage of development where class is no longer seen as a relevant theoretical or empirical concern. This state of classless Criminology reflects the decline in radical scholarship over the past two decades and the absence of radical/Marxist critiques of Criminology. Despite the neglect of class by criminologists, class remains an important construct for understanding the main issues of concern within Criminology: crime, the construction of law, and justice. This article reviews the neglect of class analysis in contemporary Criminology, and draws examples of the ways in which class remains an important consideration in the contemporary world where the world economy of capitalism dominates economic, social and political relations globally. In reviewing the neglect of class, examples are provided of contemporary areas of criminological research where class based theory and empirical work could alter what we know about crime. While orthodox Criminology has long neglected class, new forms of critical Criminology that emerged since 1990 have also promoted the neglect of class analysis.
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Exploring Green Criminology: Toward a Green Criminological Revolution
2014Co-Authors: Michael J. Lynch, Paul B. StreteskyAbstract:Few criminologists have drawn attention to the fact that widespread and significant forms of harm such as green or environmental crimes are neglected by Criminology. Others have suggested that green crimes present the most important challenge to Criminology as a discipline. This book argues that Criminology needs to take green harms more seriously and to be revolutionized so that it forms part of the solution to the large environmental problems currently faced across the word. It asks how Criminology should be redesigned to consider green/environmental harm as a key area of study in an era where destruction of the earth and the world’s ecosystem is a major concern and examines why this has remained unaccomplished so far. The chapters in this book apply an environmental frame of reference underlying a green approach to issues which can be addressed from within Criminology and which can encourage criminologists and environmentalists to respond and react differently to environmental crime.
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Similarities between green Criminology and green science: Toward a typology of green Criminology
International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 2011Co-Authors: Michael J. Lynch, Paul B. StreteskyAbstract:Green Criminology can be described as the study of environmental harm, crime, victimization, law, regulation, and justice. In this essay, we note that the development of green Criminology has been slowed by the divergent, multifaceted, issue-driven approach to the field. We propose a green criminological typology that draws upon divisions established in the natural sciences literatures in the fields of ecotoxicology, environmental toxicology, and green chemistry. Specifically, we demonstrate how the green sciences can be divided into eco-approaches, enviro-approaches, and policy-oriented approaches. We apply this framework in the green sciences to green Criminology while recognizing the need for a fourth area that that addresses economic, social, political, and philosophical theories. We review the development and division of the green sciences to show that green Criminology can be divided into “enviro-green” Criminology and “eco-green” Criminology. We encourage green criminologists to further develop thi...
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The power of oppression: Understanding the history of Criminology as a science of oppression
Critical Criminology, 2000Co-Authors: Michael J. LynchAbstract:Following, or perhaps even being swept away by the propositions and suppositions of science, criminologists have written a rather sanitized, carefree history of the origins of their discipline. This discipline has much to hide, however, and criminologists' strict adherence to principles and claims of ‘objectivity’ and ‘neutrality’ have helped hide the unspoken task that is Criminology from view. There is a need to excavate the hidden history of Criminology from the basement of scientific Criminology. This excavation requires the use of tools sensitive to oppression and conflict. Using such tools to recover, rewrite and explain the history of Criminology, I have argued that Criminology should be (a) interpreted as one of the many ‘sciences of oppression’ that (b) emerged following the Enlightenment (c) whose purpose was to help legitimize and place into practice principles that justified the oppression of the dangerous classes, (d) which had emerged as the primary threat to the ‘rational’ societies based upon capitalist social, economic and political relations. I suspect that this will not be a popular conclusion.
David P. Farrington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Changes in the Most-Cited Scholars in 20 Criminology and Criminal Justice Journals Between 1990 and 2015 and Comparisons with the Asian Journal of Criminology
Asian Journal of Criminology, 2020Co-Authors: Ellen G. Cohn, David P. Farrington, Amaia IratzoquiAbstract:The main aim of this article is to assess the most-cited scholars in 20 Criminology and criminal justice journals in 2015 and to compare them with the most-cited scholars in these journals in 1990–2010 and with the most-cited scholars in the Asian Journal of Criminology (AJC) in 2015. Five American Criminology journals, five American criminal justice journals, five international Criminology journals, and five international criminal justice journals have been studied since 1990. The most-cited scholars tended to be those who carried out research on developmental and life-course Criminology. Most of these highly cited scholars were also highly cited in previous years, showing the persistence of scholarly influence. Generally, the most-cited scholars in Criminology and criminal justice journals overlapped considerably, as did the most-cited scholars in American and international journals. Also, the most-cited scholars in AJC in 2015 overlapped considerably with the most-cited scholars in these other categories of journals. We conclude that there is considerable agreement in American, Asian, and international Criminology and criminal justice on the most-cited, and therefore most influential, scholars.
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Thirty Years of Scholarly Influence in International Journals and Its Relation to the Most-Cited Scholars in Asian Criminology
Asian Journal of Criminology, 2019Co-Authors: Amaia Iratzoqui, Ellen G. Cohn, David P. FarringtonAbstract:Citation analysis provides a quantitative means of tracking the most influential scholars and works within a field. Despite this advantage, there is a dearth of research that provides more than a snapshot of influence over a relatively short time period. One exception is the citation analysis body of research conducted by Cohn and Farrington ( 1990 , 2012 ), which has recently been expanded to include European (Cohn and Iratzoqui 2016 ) and Asian (Farrington et al. 2019 ) criminologies. The current paper presents a thirty-year analysis (1986–2015) of scholarly influence within four international journals ( Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology , British Journal of Criminology , Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice , and Criminology ), as well as an analysis of the Asian Journal of Criminology (AJC) over its first 10-year period (2006–2015). The main conclusions are that, while rankings over time are not generally consistent within journals, the most-cited scholars tend to remain highly ranked over time across the four main international journals. Furthermore, the most highly cited scholars in the four international journals were also highly cited in AJC. The most-cited works of the top scholars across all of the international journals, including AJC, covered four major areas, including developmental and life-course Criminology, theoretical issues, statistics, and policy issues.
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Advancing knowledge about replication in Criminology
Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2019Co-Authors: David P. Farrington, Lorraine Mazerolle, Friedrich Lösel, Robert F. Boruch, Denise C. Gottfredson, Lawrence W. Sherman, David WeisburdAbstract:This article summarizes key points made in a session at the American Society of Criminology meeting in Philadelphia in November 2017, entitled “The replication issue in science and its relevance for Criminology”, organized by Friedrich Lösel and Robert F. Boruch. In turn, this session was inspired by Friedrich Lösel’s ( 2018 ) article in this journal, based on his 2015 Joan McCord Award Lecture of the Academy of Experimental Criminology. In the present article, Friedrich Lösel introduces the topic of replication in Criminology and summarizes his main arguments. Then, six leading criminologists present short papers on this topic. Robert F. Boruch points out the instability in social systems, David P. Farrington argues that systematic reviews are important, and Denise C. Gottfredson calls attention to the heterogeneity in conclusions across different studies. Lorraine Mazerolle reviews attempts to replicate experiments in procedural justice, Lawrence W. Sherman draws attention to enthusiasm bias in criminal justice experiments, and David Weisburd discusses the logic of null hypothesis significance testing and multi-center trials. Finally, some developments since November 2017 in research on replication in Criminology are discussed.
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advancing knowledge about replication in Criminology
Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2019Co-Authors: David P. Farrington, Lorraine Mazerolle, Friedrich Lösel, Robert F. Boruch, Denise C. Gottfredson, Lawrence W. Sherman, David WeisburdAbstract:This article summarizes key points made in a session at the American Society of Criminology meeting in Philadelphia in November 2017, entitled “The replication issue in science and its relevance for Criminology”, organized by Friedrich Losel and Robert F. Boruch. In turn, this session was inspired by Friedrich Losel’s (2018) article in this journal, based on his 2015 Joan McCord Award Lecture of the Academy of Experimental Criminology. In the present article, Friedrich Losel introduces the topic of replication in Criminology and summarizes his main arguments. Then, six leading criminologists present short papers on this topic. Robert F. Boruch points out the instability in social systems, David P. Farrington argues that systematic reviews are important, and Denise C. Gottfredson calls attention to the heterogeneity in conclusions across different studies. Lorraine Mazerolle reviews attempts to replicate experiments in procedural justice, Lawrence W. Sherman draws attention to enthusiasm bias in criminal justice experiments, and David Weisburd discusses the logic of null hypothesis significance testing and multi-center trials. Finally, some developments since November 2017 in research on replication in Criminology are discussed.
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who are the most cited scholars in asian Criminology compared with australia new zealand north america and europe
Asian Journal of Criminology, 2019Co-Authors: David P. Farrington, Ellen G. Cohn, Amaia IratzoquiAbstract:Asian Criminology is a fast-growing area of criminological research, but its influence on the international criminological landscape is largely unknown. The current article examines scholarly influence by studying citations in four international Criminology journals (AJC—Asian Journal of Criminology, ANZ—Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, CRIM—Criminology, and EJC—European Journal of Criminology) over a 10-year period from 2006 to 2015. Generally, the most-cited scholars in AJC overlapped with the most-cited scholars in the other three journals. The most-cited scholars in AJC tended to be based in the USA, working in the area of developmental and life-course Criminology, and highly cited in the other three journals. Overall, Robert J. Sampson was the most-cited scholar in these four journals. Few scholars based in Asia were highly cited in ANZ, CRIM, or EJC, at least partly because few Asian scholars authored articles in these journals. We conclude that Asian scholars should be encouraged to carry out research that would interest international scholars and to submit their work for publication not only in AJC but also in other international journals.
Paul B. Stretesky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Neglect of Quantitative Research in Green Criminology and Its Consequences
Critical Criminology, 2017Co-Authors: Michael J. Lynch, Kimberly L. Barrett, Paul B. Stretesky, Michael A. LongAbstract:While interest in green Criminology has rapidly expanded over the past twenty-five years, much of this growth has occurred on the periphery of orthodox Criminology. This article suggests that green Criminology’s marginalization is partially a result of its non-quantitative methodology. We hypothesize that non-quantitative tendencies within green Criminology distance it from orthodox Criminology because orthodox Criminology values quantitative methods (Tewksbury et al. in J Crim Justice Educ 16(2):265–279, 2005 ). Here, we examine how neglecting quantitative research methods may contribute to inattention to green Criminology within orthodox Criminology, and we consider what can be done to change that situation. We suggest that employing quantitative approaches within green Criminology is one way to increase its appeal to mainstream Criminology, and that quantitative studies, in conjunction with other research methodologies, can also enhance generalizability of findings, influence policy, and advance theory construction and hypothesis testing.
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Exploring Green Criminology: Toward a Green Criminological Revolution
2014Co-Authors: Michael J. Lynch, Paul B. StreteskyAbstract:Few criminologists have drawn attention to the fact that widespread and significant forms of harm such as green or environmental crimes are neglected by Criminology. Others have suggested that green crimes present the most important challenge to Criminology as a discipline. This book argues that Criminology needs to take green harms more seriously and to be revolutionized so that it forms part of the solution to the large environmental problems currently faced across the word. It asks how Criminology should be redesigned to consider green/environmental harm as a key area of study in an era where destruction of the earth and the world’s ecosystem is a major concern and examines why this has remained unaccomplished so far. The chapters in this book apply an environmental frame of reference underlying a green approach to issues which can be addressed from within Criminology and which can encourage criminologists and environmentalists to respond and react differently to environmental crime.
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Similarities between green Criminology and green science: Toward a typology of green Criminology
International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 2011Co-Authors: Michael J. Lynch, Paul B. StreteskyAbstract:Green Criminology can be described as the study of environmental harm, crime, victimization, law, regulation, and justice. In this essay, we note that the development of green Criminology has been slowed by the divergent, multifaceted, issue-driven approach to the field. We propose a green criminological typology that draws upon divisions established in the natural sciences literatures in the fields of ecotoxicology, environmental toxicology, and green chemistry. Specifically, we demonstrate how the green sciences can be divided into eco-approaches, enviro-approaches, and policy-oriented approaches. We apply this framework in the green sciences to green Criminology while recognizing the need for a fourth area that that addresses economic, social, political, and philosophical theories. We review the development and division of the green sciences to show that green Criminology can be divided into “enviro-green” Criminology and “eco-green” Criminology. We encourage green criminologists to further develop thi...
Lois Presser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Narrative Criminology
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2020Co-Authors: Lois PresserAbstract:Narrative Criminology is a relatively new theoretical perspective that highlights the influence of stories on harmful actions and patterns of action. Narrative Criminology researchers study stories themselves, rather than what stories report on, for effects. Narrative Criminology takes a constitutive view of stories as opposed to the representational view that is rather more common within Criminology. Hence a hallmark of the perspective is its bracketing of the accuracy of the stories under investigation. Stories legitimize conduct, compel action, and induce detachment, however fanciful they may be. Narrative criminologists analyze the role of stories in active harm-doing, passive complicity, desistance from offending, and resistance to harm. The field of narrative Criminology has evolved rapidly.
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Narrative Criminology as Critical Criminology
Critical Criminology, 2019Co-Authors: Lois Presser, Sveinung SandbergAbstract:Narrative Criminology is a theoretical paradigm rooted in a view of stories as influencing harmful actions and arrangements. Narrative criminologists explore the storied bases of a variety of harms and also consider the narratives with which actors resist patterns of harm. We submit that narrative Criminology is an apt and powerful framework for research in critical Criminology because narrative Criminology is fundamentally concerned with harm or resistance to harm, underscores collective involvement in the genesis of harm, illuminates the dynamism of harm and therefore the possibilities of resistance, and compels a reflexive stance on one’s research. Stories are recounted at multiple levels of social life. They are self-consciously and habitually generated, structured and creative, populated by things said and things not said. The complexities of stories are a good match for the complexities of crime, harm and justice in late modernity—core concerns of critical Criminology.
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Criminology and the narrative turn
Crime Media Culture, 2016Co-Authors: Lois PresserAbstract:This paper situates narrative Criminology within Criminology and the academy at large. Narrative criminologists ask how narratives, particularly narratives of the self, influence criminal and other harmful action. The idea that our stories shape our experiences is well developed in the humanities (literature, philosophy) and in the social sciences (anthropology, history, psychology, sociology). However, criminologists have caught on to that idea only recently, which is especially curious given abundant evidence of the impact of storied ideology on mass violence. This paper therefore addresses two critical questions: what is new and important about narrative Criminology, and why has Criminology only recently taken the narrative turn that other academic disciplines took decades ago?
Matthew Ball - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Queering Criminology Globally
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2020Co-Authors: Matthew BallAbstract:Queer Criminology is an emerging field of research addressing significant oversights within the disciplines of Criminology and criminal justice studies—namely the limited attention paid to the criminal justice experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people. Drawing from the diverse meanings of the concept of “queer”—as an umbrella identity category and as an impetus for deconstruction and political disruption—queer Criminology is developing along multiple paths including research into: LGBTQ people as victims and offenders; LGBTQ people in their interactions with the criminal justice system and its agents; LGBTQ people as criminal justice agents; and the ways in which criminal justice policies may be “queered.” It has also been a site of important theoretical development regarding issues such as: the role of deconstructionist and identity-focused approaches for addressing injustice for LGBTQ people; the best place for queer criminological research to be positioned in relation to the broader discipline of Criminology; and who ought to constitute the subjects of queer Criminology and thus how fluid the boundaries of the field can be. Queer Criminology is also developing a stronger presence in a global context. It is increasingly moving beyond the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom where it developed, and the relevance of its insights are being tested in new political, social, and cultural contexts. As an emerging and dynamic field, queer Criminology in its many forms is set to continue to disrupt Criminology for some time to come, offering important insights to ensure that criminal justice knowledges and practices respond appropriately to the experiences of LGBTQ people.
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Towards a decolonisation of queer Criminology
2016Co-Authors: Matthew BallAbstract:This paper offers an initial discussion of the extent to which queer Criminology is invested in settler colonialism, and a consideration of the prospects for decolonising queer Criminology. As the epistemological and political underpinnings of queer activism and scholarship are firmly situated in the Global North, a queer Criminology developed in their image may not have resonance for, or be applicable to, those outside of or not fully included in these contexts. In fact, aspects of queer Criminology may contribute to the perpetuation and expansion of colonial power generally, and queer settler colonialism in particular (Morgensen 2012). This paper examines three key areas in which queer scholarship and Criminology have been critiqued and which suggest that the decolonisation of queer Criminology is necessary.
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Criminology for Queers? Charting a Space for Queer Communities in Criminology
Criminology and Queer Theory, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew BallAbstract:This chapter considers the ways in which queer criminological scholarship can learn from and contribute to feminist and counter-colonial criminologies. These existing critical criminologies have pushed against Criminology in the interests of a group of people who have experienced injustice, and their experiences can be instructive in the development of queer Criminology. The chapter explores key debates and commonalities across these criminologies, and concludes by pointing to some of the intersections that are possible between them, particularly the ways that queer Criminology can help feminist criminologies avoid being framed by cisgender assumptions, and the ways that queer Criminology can be decolonised. Doing so will help make queer Criminology more reflexive and intersectional.
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Queer/ing Criminology
Criminology and Queer Theory, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew BallAbstract:This chapter explores the current state of debate about queer Criminology. It outlines and critically examines those works that have argued for the development of a queer/ed Criminology and suggested how this can be achieved. This overview serves to establish the originality of the intersections between queer scholarship and Criminology suggested here.
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Deconstruction and Queering in Criminology
Criminology and Queer Theory, 2016Co-Authors: Matthew BallAbstract:This chapter explores deconstruction within Criminology, in order to more fully develop within Criminology the more deconstructive and disruptive aspects of queer scholarship. It considers the diversity of existing approaches to deconstruction within Criminology, and outlines what queer deconstructive approaches entail. It then discusses some of the limitations of deconstruction within Criminology, and argues for a shift towards the activity of critique (understood as a project of opening up possibilities and pushing against limits), which is more in line with queer work, as opposed to criticism (understood as an activity that is premised on judgement), which underpins much existing scholarship.
