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Margaret Pack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of managers in Critical Incident Stress management programmes a qualitative study of new zealand social workers
Journal of Social Work Practice, 2014Co-Authors: Margaret PackAbstract:This paper reports part of a larger exploratory research study of social workers' preferred models of Critical Incident Stress management and experiences of Critical Incident Stress debriefing. Social workers were invited to contribute to the research through an advertisement in the national association's newsletter for Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers. Using a qualitative methodology involving in-depth interviews with 13 social workers, participants were asked about their experiences of Critical events encountered within their workplaces over the last five years. Interviews were recorded by audiotape with consent and analysed using thematic analysis. Four main themes emerged: the importance of preparation for Critical Incidents, the role of relationship between line managers and social workers, specifically the line manager's support immediately after the Critical Incident, and the availability of peer/colleague networks. An unexpected finding was that social workers interviewed noted t...
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Critical Incident Stress management a review of the literature with implications for social work
International Social Work, 2013Co-Authors: Margaret PackAbstract:This article describes the debates in the research literature surrounding the provision of Critical Incident Stress management (CISM) and outlines the implications for social work. The literature r...
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Critical Incident Stress Debriefing: An Exploratory Study of Social Workers' Preferred Models of CISM and Experiences of CISD in New Zealand
Social Work in Mental Health, 2012Co-Authors: Margaret PackAbstract:This research identifies important themes in Critical Incident Stress management from a social work perspective. Fifteen social workers responded to an advertisement in the national professional newsletter asking about social workers' recent experiences of Critical Incident Stress debriefing (CISD) as an intervention. Their preferred models of Critical Incident Stress management (CISM) were then discussed. Thirteen participants were interviewed, ten of whom had the dual experience as a debriefer and as a social worker who had been debriefed following a “Critical event.” Those who had dual experience of facilitating debriefings and being debriefed, commented from both sets of experience. There was overwhelming support for Mitchell's model of CISM. The social workers interviewed thought Mitchell's seven staged model of CISD as an intervention needed to be offered within an integrated CISM policy that could be adapted to the specific field of social work in which the participant was working. Strengths-based ...
Raymond B. Flannery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Critical Incident Stress management for persons residing in institutions.
International journal of emergency mental health, 2005Co-Authors: Raymond B. FlanneryAbstract:Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) approaches have proven themselves to be effective in mitigating the Stress and anxiety that are often found in at-risk populations in the aftermath of traumatic Incidents. A frequently overlooked group of persons at risk are those individuals who reside in a variety of institutions. Extensive research spanning a half century has shown these individuals to have heightened sensitivity to anxiety in general and traumatic events in particular. CISM approaches would appear to hold promise in assisting with these residents' needs. This paper outlines a basic CISM approach that could be adopted and adapted by a variety of institutional settings for the special needs of their residents. PreIncident, acute care, and postIncident response initiatives are presented, and the implications for such program development are discussed.
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Critical Incident Stress management cism updated review of findings 1998 2002
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2004Co-Authors: Raymond B. Flannery, George S. EverlyAbstract:Critical Incident Stress management (CISM) represents a departure from earlier univariate crisis intervention strategies. CISM is a comprehensive, multicomponent, crisis intervention approach that includes preIncident training, acute care interventions, and postIncident response follow-up. The first review of this literature included published reports through 1997. This report covers the period from 1998-2002. A databased search revealed 20 papers of specific CISM programs or multiple interventions programs that are CISM-like in nature. These papers are reviewed and the strengths and weaknesses of the literature as a whole are presented; implications are discussed.
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Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM): A Statistical Review of the Literature
Psychiatric Quarterly, 2002Co-Authors: George S. Everly, Raymond B. Flannery, Victoria A. EylerAbstract:Crisis intervention has emerged over the last 50 years as a proven method for the provision of urgent psychological support in the wake of a Critical Incident or traumatic event. The history of crisis intervention is replete with singular, time-limited interventions. As crisis intervention has evolved, more sophisticated multicomponent crisis intervention systems have emerged. As they have appeared in the extant empirically-based literature, their results have proven promising. A previously published paper narratively reviewed the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) model of multicomponent crisis intervention. The purpose of this paper was to offer a statistical review of CISM as an integrated multicomponent crisis intervention system. Using the methodology of meta-analysis, a review of eight CISM investigations revealed a Cohen's d of 3.11. A fail-safe number of 792 was similarly obtained.
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Critical Incident Stress management and the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner: preliminary inquiry.
International journal of emergency mental health, 2002Co-Authors: Kermit A Crawford, Raymond B. FlanneryAbstract:In Critical Incidents that involve loss of life, the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (ME) is an integral part of the response team. It is the ME who determines the cause of death, explains the circumstances to family survivors, and releases the remains in a timely fashion. In the conduct of the ME's work, addressing the psychological needs of acutely grieving family survivors is important (Kaplan & Sadock, 1998). The importance of this support is becoming increasingly apparent both in supporting surviving family members and for ME staff in assisting families of deceased persons (Coburn, Borges, Knake, & Harper, 2000). Additionally, the work of the medical examiner is often highly Stressful to the ME staff as well (Murphy, 2000). The ME staff is continuously exposed to Stressful Incidents and must interact with traumatized family members. This paper outlines a unique Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) programmatic effort between Boston University School of Medicine's Center for Multicultural Mental Health and the office of the ME in Massachusetts to enhance the skills cf ME staff in working with family survivors of victims of sudden deaths (i.e., sudden accidents or suspicious deaths) and to address the emotional needs of ME staff themselves. Preliminary anecdotal findings and directions for future experimental inquiry are presented.
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The Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP): ten year empirical support for Critical Incident Stress management (CISM).
International journal of emergency mental health, 2001Co-Authors: Raymond B. FlanneryAbstract:Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) refers to an integrated comprehensive, multicomponent, crisis intervention approach for addressing the psychological aftermath of Critical Incidents. It includes pre-Incident training, acute crisis intervention, and post-Incident responses. The Assaulted Staff Action Program (ASAP) is a voluntary, system-wide, peer-help, crisis intervention program for staff victims of patient assaults. ASAP is a CISM approach, and this paper evaluated fourteen empirical studies of ASAP to assess the empirical justification for ASAP and CISM approaches, which demonstrated a 25%-62% reduction in staff assaults. Language: en
Julie Q. Morrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceptions of teachers and staff regarding the impact of the Critical Incident Stress management cism model for school based crisis intervention
Journal of School Violence, 2007Co-Authors: Julie Q. MorrisonAbstract:The Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) Model for crisis intervention was devloped for use with emergency service personnel. Research regarding the use of the CISM Model has been conducted among civilians and high-risk occupation groups with mixed results. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the CISM Model for school-based crisis intervention as perceived by teachers and staff. This study compares baseline and CISM Model data over a five-year period. The results suggest that the CISM Model had a positive effect on teacher and staff perceptions of service delivery components (i.e., informing students, meeting with staff members), but no effect on perceptions of the impact of CISM on student outcomes.
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Social validity of the Critical Incident Stress management model for school-based crisis intervention
Psychology in the Schools, 2007Co-Authors: Julie Q. MorrisonAbstract:The Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) model for crisis intervention was developed for use with emergency service personnel. Research regarding the use of the CISM model has been conducted among civilians and high-risk occupation groups with mixed results. The purpose of this study is to examine the social validity of the CISM model for school-based crisis intervention as perceived by school psychologists and school social workers trained in the model. The results suggest that the CISM Model had a positive effect on service delivery, but the training itself did not adequately address the developmental appropriateness or the cross-cultural appropriateness for school-based application. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 765–777, 2007.
George S. Everly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Critical Incident Stress management cism updated review of findings 1998 2002
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2004Co-Authors: Raymond B. Flannery, George S. EverlyAbstract:Critical Incident Stress management (CISM) represents a departure from earlier univariate crisis intervention strategies. CISM is a comprehensive, multicomponent, crisis intervention approach that includes preIncident training, acute care interventions, and postIncident response follow-up. The first review of this literature included published reports through 1997. This report covers the period from 1998-2002. A databased search revealed 20 papers of specific CISM programs or multiple interventions programs that are CISM-like in nature. These papers are reviewed and the strengths and weaknesses of the literature as a whole are presented; implications are discussed.
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Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM): A Statistical Review of the Literature
Psychiatric Quarterly, 2002Co-Authors: George S. Everly, Raymond B. Flannery, Victoria A. EylerAbstract:Crisis intervention has emerged over the last 50 years as a proven method for the provision of urgent psychological support in the wake of a Critical Incident or traumatic event. The history of crisis intervention is replete with singular, time-limited interventions. As crisis intervention has evolved, more sophisticated multicomponent crisis intervention systems have emerged. As they have appeared in the extant empirically-based literature, their results have proven promising. A previously published paper narratively reviewed the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) model of multicomponent crisis intervention. The purpose of this paper was to offer a statistical review of CISM as an integrated multicomponent crisis intervention system. Using the methodology of meta-analysis, a review of eight CISM investigations revealed a Cohen's d of 3.11. A fail-safe number of 792 was similarly obtained.
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Critical Incident Stress Management and Critical Incident Stress debriefings: evolutions, effects and outcomes
Psychological Debriefing, 2000Co-Authors: Jeffrey T. Mitchell, George S. EverlyAbstract:This chapter describes and reviews the comprehensive Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) system. The components of Critical Incident Stress management include preIncident education/mental preparedness training, individual crisis intervention, support/on-scene support, demobilization after disaster or large-scale events, defusing, Critical Incident Stress debriefing, other significant support services for families and children, and follow-up services and professional referrals as necessary. The concepts and mechanisms that are thought to serve as a foundation for CISM as a crisis response system are: early intervention, the provision of psychosocial support, the opportunity for expression, and crisis education. These factors are the four cornerstones of CISM. The studies reviewed in the chapter indicate that a comprehensive, systematic and multicomponent crisis intervention approach to traumatic Stress, namely CISM, has an excellent potential for mitigating Critical Incident Stress and restoring people to normal life functions.
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Critical Incident Stress debriefing (CISD): a meta-analysis.
International journal of emergency mental health, 1999Co-Authors: George S. EverlyAbstract:Psychological debriefings represent a genre of group crisis interventions. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) represents the oldest standardized variation of this genre. Recent reviews have called into question the effectiveness of CISD. In this study 5 previously published investigations were meta-analyzed revealing a large effect size (Cohen's d = .86) supporting the notion that the CISD model of psychological debriefing is an effective crisis intervention.
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Critical Incident Stress management -CISM-
1997Co-Authors: George S. Everly, Raymond B. Flannery, Jeffrey T. MitchellAbstract:Critical Incident Stress management (CISM) comprises a range of crisis intervention services that usually include precrisis training, individual crisis counseling, group debriefing, and postIncident referral for primary and secondary victims. CISM is utilized to address the aftermath of violent acts, and has evolved from earlier crisis intervention and group psychological debriefing procedures. These approaches have been used throughout the world, and CISM is emerging as a standard of care. This article reviews the literature on crisis intervention, group debriefing, and CISM interventions within a methodological context. Strengths and weaknesses of the literature as a whole are presented. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Clifford H Webb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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helping the helpers the development of a Critical Incident Stress management team through university community cooperation
Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1993Co-Authors: John C. Linton, Martin J. Kommor, Clifford H WebbAbstract:Prehospital emergency services personnel often are exposed to high levels of occupational Stress. Besides chronic Stress, they can be involved in Critical Incidents, which cause a well-recognized set of overwhelming emotional reactions. If these reactions are not addressed promptly, emergency responders and their families can suffer further emotional trauma, and this can impair the ability of responders to care for patients in the field. A Critical Incident Stress management team has been established through cooperation between the Charleston Division of the West Virginia University Health Sciences Center and emergency personnel in Charleston, as well as the rural counties in southern West Virginia. This team provides preIncident education and postIncident interventions for firefighters, police, emergency medical services, and on occasion, hospital emergency department personnel. This team can serve as a model for other such teams to organize to deal with this growing problem in the health care delivery field.
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Helping the helpers: the development of a Critical Incident Stress management team through university/community cooperation.
Annals of emergency medicine, 1993Co-Authors: John C. Linton, Martin J. Kommor, Clifford H WebbAbstract:Prehospital emergency services personnel often are exposed to high levels of occupational Stress. Besides chronic Stress, they can be involved in Critical Incidents, which cause a well-recognized set of overwhelming emotional reactions. If these reactions are not addressed promptly, emergency responders and their families can suffer further emotional trauma, and this can impair the ability of responders to care for patients in the field. A Critical Incident Stress management team has been established through cooperation between the Charleston Division of the West Virginia University Health Sciences Center and emergency personnel in Charleston, as well as the rural countries in southern West Virginia. This team provides preIncident education and postIncident interventions for firefighters, police, emergency medical services, and on occasion, hospital emergency department personnel. This team can serve as a model for other such teams to organize to deal with this growing problem in the health care delivery field.