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B. Lemaga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Florian Diekmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Mainassara Zaman-allah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Crop Science experiments designed to inform Crop modeling
    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2013
    Co-Authors: P.q. Craufurd, Vincent Vadez, S. V. Krishna Jagadish, P. V. Vara Prasad, Mainassara Zaman-allah
    Abstract:

    Crop growth simulation models are a useful tool to assess the impact of environment, Crop management, genetics and breeding strategies, as well as climate change and variability on growth and yield. Any Crop Science experiment that measures key physiological processes, tests these productive processes, their interaction with other processes, environment, and intra- and inter-specific variation, is valuable to inform and refine Crop simulation models. This paper focuses on Crop Science experiments in three key areas—Crop development, seed or fruit-set at high temperature, and water use—illustrating some of the experiments used to understand key processes and, equally importantly, quantify these processes for Crop models in a robust and repeatable manner. One particularly useful experimental method for determining stages of development responsive to photoperiod and temperature (the main drivers of ontogenic development), and sensitive to abiotic stresses such as temperature extremes and water deficit, is transfer experiments between different environments or treatments. Once sensitive stages are defined, then responses and genotypic differences can be accurately quantified. Understanding and modeling transpiration, and particularly genotypic differences in processes affecting transpiration is also key process for Crop modeling. Experiments to determine genotypic differences in soil water availability thresholds that control when transpiration is reduced, relations between transpiration and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and patterns of soil water uptake are also described along with new insights from this work. One of the biggest constraints to improving models with Crop Science experiments—and exploiting advances in genomics—is the limited capacity to phenotype traits and physiological mechanisms. Most Crop Science experiments have quantified responses in only a limited number of genotypes and the diversity of genotypic responses is not well represented. Today there is an increased demand for good quality phenotyping which can serve both genomics and modeling, and there is an urgent need to re-invest in Crop physiology for high quality phenotyping.

J. K. Mwololo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

P H B De Visser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • functional structural plant modelling a new versatile tool in Crop Science
    Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010
    Co-Authors: J Vos, Jochem B Evers, G H Bucksorlin, Bruno Andrieu, Michael Chelle, P H B De Visser
    Abstract:

    Plants react to their environment and to management interventions by adjusting physiological functions and structure. Functional-structural plant models (FSPM), combine the representation of three-dimensional (3D) plant structure with selected physiological functions. An FSPM consists of an architectural part (plant structure) and a process part (plant functioning). The first deals with (i) the types of organs that are initiated and the way these are connected (topology), (ii) co-ordination in organ expansion dynamics, and (iii) geometrical variables (e.g. leaf angles, leaf curvature). The process part may include any physiological or physical process that affects plant growth and development (e.g. photosynthesis, carbon allocation). This paper addresses the following questions: (i) how are FSPM constructed, and (ii) for what purposes are they useful? Static, architectural models are distinguished from dynamic models. Static models are useful in order to study the significance of plant structure, such as light distribution in the canopy, gas exchange, remote sensing, pesticide spraying studies, and interactions between plants and biotic agents. Dynamic models serve quantitatively to integrate knowledge on plant functions and morphology as modulated by environment. Applications are in the domain of plant Sciences, for example the study of plant plasticity as related to changes in the red:far red ratio of light in the canopy. With increasing availability of genetic information, FSPM will play a role in the assessment of the significance towards plant performance of variation in genetic traits across environments. In many Crops, growers actively manipulate plant structure. FSPM is a promising tool to explore divergent management strategies.