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Upendra M Sainju - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil health indicators and crop yield in response to long term Cropping Sequence and nitrogen fertilization
Applied Soil Ecology, 2021Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Daniel Liptzin, Sadikshya R Dangi, Rajan GhimireAbstract:Abstract There is a need for including soil physical and biological properties along with chemical properties to accurately measure soil health and relate to crop yields. The objective of this study was to determine a suite of soil health indicators that were sensitive to Cropping systems and N fertilization and relate to soil properties and dryland crop yield in a 14-yr-old Cropping Sequence and N fertilization study in eastern Montana, USA. Main-plot (Cropping Sequence) treatments were conventional till barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.)/spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow (CTWF), no-till continuous barley/spring wheat (NTCW), no-till barley/spring wheat-fallow (NTWF), and no-till barley/spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTWP) and split-plot (N fertilization) treatments were 0 (N0) and 80/100 kg N ha−1 (N1) applied to barley and spring wheat. Barley was grown for the first six years that was replaced by spring wheat for the last eight years. The NTCW increased aggregate stability, wet aggregate stability index, average slake aggregate, P concentration, KMNO4-extractable C, CO2 flush (1 d incubation), potentially mineralizable N, and N-acetyl β-glucosaminidase (NAG), but reduced NO3-N concentration compared to other treatments. Water-stable aggregation, macro-porosity, volumetric water content at water saturation, and Mg concentration were greater with N0, but water-extractable total N and NO3-N concentration were greater with N1. Mean crop (barley/spring wheat) yield from 2006 to 2019 were greater in NTCW with N1 than other treatments. Multivariate analysis showed that phospholipid-derived fatty acid (PLFA) and CO2 flush at 4-d incubation were negatively related to Ca and Al concentrations, but positively to crop yield. Microbial abundance and activity can be used as important soil health indicators that were enhanced by no-tillage with increased Cropping intensity and related to crop yield.
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dryland soil chemical properties and crop yields affected by long term tillage and Cropping Sequence
SpringerPlus, 2015Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Thecan Caesartonthat, Brett L Allen, Andrew W LenssenAbstract:Information on the effect of long-term management on soil nutrients and chemical properties is scanty. We examined the 30-year effect of tillage frequency and Cropping Sequence combination on dryland soil Olsen-P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, SO4–S, and Zn concentrations, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) at the 0–120 cm depth and annualized crop yield in the northern Great Plains, USA. Treatments were no-till continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), spring till continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall and spring till continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall and spring till spring wheat–barley (Hordeum vulgare L., 1984–1999) followed by spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L., 2000–2013) (FSTW-B/P), and spring till spring wheat-fallow (STW-F, traditional system). At 0–7.5 cm, P, K, Zn, Na, and CEC were 23–60% were greater, but pH, buffer pH, and Ca were 6–31% lower in NTCW, STCW, and FSTW–B/P than STW-F. At 7.5–15 cm, K was 23–52% greater, but pH, buffer pH, and Mg were 3–21% lower in NTCW, STCW, FSTCW, FSTW–B/P than STW-F. At 60–120 cm, soil chemical properties varied with treatments. Annualized crop yield was 23–30% lower in STW-F than the other treatments. Continuous N fertilization probably reduced soil pH, Ca, and Mg, but greater crop residue returned to the soil increased P, K, Na, Zn, and CEC in NTCW and STCW compared to STW-F. Reduced tillage with continuous Cropping may be adopted for maintaining long-term soil fertility and crop yields compared with the traditional system.
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Cropping Sequence and nitrogen fertilization impact on surface residue soil carbon sequestration and crop yields
Agronomy Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Upendra M SainjuAbstract:Published in Agron. J. 106:1231–1242 (2014) doi:10.2134/agronj14.0026 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ABSTRACT
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net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity affected by Cropping Sequence and nitrogen fertilization
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Joy L Barsotti, Jun WangAbstract:Little information is available about management practice effects on the net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) under dryland Cropping systems. We evaluated the effects of Cropping Sequences (conventional-tillage malt barley [Hordeum vulgaris L.]–fallow [CTB-F], no-till malt barley–pea [Pisum sativum L.] [NTB-P], and no-till continuous malt barley [NTCB]) and N fertilization rates (0 and 80 kg N ha⁻¹) on net GWP and GHGI from 2008 to 2011 in eastern Montana. Carbon dioxide sources from farm operations were greater under CTB-F than NTB-P and NTCB and greater with N fertilization than without, but the sources from soil greenhouse gases (GHGs) varied among treatments and years. Carbon dioxide sinks from crop residue and soil organic C (SOC) sequestration were greater under NTB-P or NTCB with 80 kg N ha⁻¹ than other treatments. Net GWP and GHGI based on soil respiration (GWPR and GHGIR, respectively) and SOC (GWPC and GHGIC, respectively) were greater under CTB-F with 0 kg N ha⁻¹ than other treatments, suggesting that alternate-year fallow and the absence of N fertilization to crops can increase net GHG emissions. Because of greater grain yield but lower GWP and GHGI, NTB-P with N rates between 0 and 80 kg N ha⁻¹ may be used as management options to mitigate global warming potential while sustaining dryland malt barley and pea yields compared with CTB-F with 0 kg N ha⁻¹ in the northern Great Plains. The results can be applied to other semiarid regions with similar soil and climatic conditions.
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tillage Cropping Sequence and nitrogen fertilization influence dryland soil nitrogen
Agronomy Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Upendra M SainjuAbstract:Management practices can reduce N losses through N leaching and N 2 O emissions (a greenhouse gas) by increasing soil N storage. The effects of tillage, Cropping Sequence, and N fertilization rate were studied on N contents in dryland crop biomass, surface residue, and soil at the 0- to 120-cm depth, and estimated N balance from 2006 to 2011 in eastern Montana. Treatments were no-till continuous malt barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.) (NTCB), no-till malt barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTB-P), no-till malt barley-fallow (NTB-F), and conventional till malt barley-fallow (CTB-F), each with 0 to 120 kg N ha -1 . Biomass and surface residue N increased with increased N rate and were greater in NTB-P or NTCB than CTB-F and NTB-F in all years, except in 2006 and 2011. Soil total nitrogen (STN) at 0 to 60 cm decreased from 2006 to 2011 at 254 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , regardless of treatments. At most depths, soil NH 4 -N content varied, but NO 3 -N content was greater in CTB-F than other Cropping Sequences. Estimated N balance was greater in NTB-P with 40 kg N ha -1 than other treatments. No-till continuous Cropping increased biomass and surface residue N, but conventional till crop-fallow increased soil available N. Because of increased soil N storage and reduced N requirement to malt barley, NTB-P with 40 kg N ha -1 may reduce N loss due to leaching, volatilization, and denitrification compared to other treatments.
Andrew W Lenssen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dryland soil chemical properties and crop yields affected by long term tillage and Cropping Sequence
SpringerPlus, 2015Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Thecan Caesartonthat, Brett L Allen, Andrew W LenssenAbstract:Information on the effect of long-term management on soil nutrients and chemical properties is scanty. We examined the 30-year effect of tillage frequency and Cropping Sequence combination on dryland soil Olsen-P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, SO4–S, and Zn concentrations, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) at the 0–120 cm depth and annualized crop yield in the northern Great Plains, USA. Treatments were no-till continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), spring till continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall and spring till continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall and spring till spring wheat–barley (Hordeum vulgare L., 1984–1999) followed by spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L., 2000–2013) (FSTW-B/P), and spring till spring wheat-fallow (STW-F, traditional system). At 0–7.5 cm, P, K, Zn, Na, and CEC were 23–60% were greater, but pH, buffer pH, and Ca were 6–31% lower in NTCW, STCW, and FSTW–B/P than STW-F. At 7.5–15 cm, K was 23–52% greater, but pH, buffer pH, and Mg were 3–21% lower in NTCW, STCW, FSTCW, FSTW–B/P than STW-F. At 60–120 cm, soil chemical properties varied with treatments. Annualized crop yield was 23–30% lower in STW-F than the other treatments. Continuous N fertilization probably reduced soil pH, Ca, and Mg, but greater crop residue returned to the soil increased P, K, Na, Zn, and CEC in NTCW and STCW compared to STW-F. Reduced tillage with continuous Cropping may be adopted for maintaining long-term soil fertility and crop yields compared with the traditional system.
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dryland malt barley yield and quality affected by tillage Cropping Sequence and nitrogen fertilization
Agronomy Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Andrew W Lenssen, Joy L BarsottiAbstract:Malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield and quality have been evaluated using various cultivars and N rates but little is known about the effects of tillage and Cropping Sequence. We evaluated the effects of tillage, Cropping Sequence, and N fertilization on dryland malt barley yield, grain characteristics, N uptake, and N use-efficiency from 2006 to 2011 in eastern Montana. Treatments were no-till continuous malt barley (NTCB), no-till malt barley–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTB–P), no-till malt barley–fallow (NTB–F), and conventional till malt barley–fallow (CTB–F), with split application of N rates (0,40, 80, and 120 kg N ha–1) in randomized complete block with three replications. As N rates increased, malt barley grain yield, protein concentration, and N uptake increased in NTB–F, NTB–P, and NTCB, but test weight, plumpness, and N-use efficiency decreased in all tillage and Cropping Sequence treatments. Similarly, plant stand, biomass (stems and leaves) yield, and N uptake increased with increased N rates. Grain and biomass yields, N uptake, and N-use efficiency were greater in CTB–F than in NTB–P and NTCB but tillage had no effect on these parameters. Malt barley yield and N uptake varied with Cropping Sequences and N rates among years. Although grain yield increased with increased N rates, NTB–P with N rates between 40 and 80 kg N ha−1 may be used to sustain dryland malt barley yield and quality (protein concentration 800 g kg−1), thereby helping to reduce the potentials for soil erosion and N leaching and increase soil organic matter in the northern Great Plains.
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dryland soil greenhouse gas emissions affected by Cropping Sequence and nitrogen fertilization
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Thecan Caesartonthat, Andrew W Lenssen, Joy L BarsottiAbstract:Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specifi c information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76:1741–1757 doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0076 Received 2 Mar. 2012. *Corresponding author (upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Dryland Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Affected by Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization Soil & Water Management & Conservation
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tillage and Cropping Sequence impacts on nitrogen cycling in dryland farming in eastern montana usa
Soil & Tillage Research, 2009Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Thecan Caesartonthat, Andrew W Lenssen, Robert G Evans, Robert KolbergAbstract:Information on N cycling in dryland crops and soils as influenced by long-term tillage and Cropping Sequence is needed to quantify soil N sequestration, mineralization, and N balance to reduce N fertilization rate and N losses through soil processes. The 21-yr effects of the combinations of tillage and Cropping Sequences was evaluated on dryland crop grain and biomass (stems + leaves) N, soil surface residue N, soil N fractions, and N balance at the 0–20 cm depth in Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, frigid, Typic Argiboroll) in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were no-tilled continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall- and spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall- and spring-tilled spring wheat–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1984–1999) followed by spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (2000–2004) (FSTW-B/P), and springtilled spring wheat–fallow (STW-F). Nitrogen fractions were soil total N (STN), particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), potential N mineralization (PNM), NH 4 -N, and NO3-N. Annualized crop grain and biomass N varied with treatments and years and mean grain and biomass N from 1984 to 2004 were 14.3–21.2 kg N ha � 1 greater in NTCW, STCW, FSTCW, and FSTW-B/P than in STW-F. Soil surface residue N was 9.1–15.2 kg N ha � 1 greater in other treatments than in STW-F in 2004. The STN at 0–20 cm was 0.39–0.96 Mg N ha � 1 , PON 0.10–0.30 Mg N ha � 1 , and PNM 4.6–9.4 kg N ha � 1 greater in other treatments than in STW-F. At 0–5 cm, STN, PON, and MBN were greater in STCW than in FSTW-B/P and STW-F. At 5–20 cm, STN and PON were greater in NTCW and STCW than in STW-F, PNM and MBN were greater in STCW than in NTCW and STW-F, and NO3-N was greater in FSTW-B/P than in NTCW and FSTCW. Estimated N loss through leaching, volatilization, or denitrification at 0–20 cm depth increased with increasing tillage frequency or greater with fallow than with continuous Cropping and ranged from 9k g Nh a
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dryland crop yields and soil organic matter as influenced by long term tillage and Cropping Sequence
Agronomy Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Thecan Caesartonthat, Andrew W Lenssen, Robert G EvansAbstract:Novel management practices are needed to improve the declining dryland crop yields and soil organic matter contents using conventional farming practices in the northern Great Plains. We evaluated the 21-yr effect of tillage and Cropping Sequence on dryland grain and biomass (stems + leaves) yields of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) and soil organic matter at the 0- to 20-cm depth in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were no-tilled continuous spring wheat (NTCW), spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall- and spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall- and spring-tilled spring wheat-barley (1984-1999) followed by spring wheat-pea (2000-2004) (FSTW-B/P), and the conventional spring-tilled spring wheat-fallow (STW-F). Spring wheat grain and biomass yields increased with crop growing season precipitation (GSP) and were greater in STW-F than in FSTCW and FSTW-B/P when GSP was <250 mm. Although mean grain and biomass yields were greater, annualized yields were lower in STW-F than in other treatments. In FSTW-B/P, barley and pea grain and biomass yields also increased with increased GSP. Soil organic C and total N were lower in STW-F than in other treatments and linearly related (R 2 = 0.64 to 0.78) with total annualized biomass residue returned to the soil from 1984 to 2004. Alternate-year summer fallowing increased spring wheat grain and biomass yields compared with annual Cropping but reduced annualized yields and soil organic matter. For sustaining dryland crop yields and soil organic matter, no-tillage with annual Cropping system can be adopted in the northern Great Plains.
Thecan Caesartonthat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dryland soil chemical properties and crop yields affected by long term tillage and Cropping Sequence
SpringerPlus, 2015Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Thecan Caesartonthat, Brett L Allen, Andrew W LenssenAbstract:Information on the effect of long-term management on soil nutrients and chemical properties is scanty. We examined the 30-year effect of tillage frequency and Cropping Sequence combination on dryland soil Olsen-P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, SO4–S, and Zn concentrations, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) at the 0–120 cm depth and annualized crop yield in the northern Great Plains, USA. Treatments were no-till continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), spring till continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall and spring till continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall and spring till spring wheat–barley (Hordeum vulgare L., 1984–1999) followed by spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L., 2000–2013) (FSTW-B/P), and spring till spring wheat-fallow (STW-F, traditional system). At 0–7.5 cm, P, K, Zn, Na, and CEC were 23–60% were greater, but pH, buffer pH, and Ca were 6–31% lower in NTCW, STCW, and FSTW–B/P than STW-F. At 7.5–15 cm, K was 23–52% greater, but pH, buffer pH, and Mg were 3–21% lower in NTCW, STCW, FSTCW, FSTW–B/P than STW-F. At 60–120 cm, soil chemical properties varied with treatments. Annualized crop yield was 23–30% lower in STW-F than the other treatments. Continuous N fertilization probably reduced soil pH, Ca, and Mg, but greater crop residue returned to the soil increased P, K, Na, Zn, and CEC in NTCW and STCW compared to STW-F. Reduced tillage with continuous Cropping may be adopted for maintaining long-term soil fertility and crop yields compared with the traditional system.
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dryland soil greenhouse gas emissions affected by Cropping Sequence and nitrogen fertilization
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Thecan Caesartonthat, Andrew W Lenssen, Joy L BarsottiAbstract:Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specifi c information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76:1741–1757 doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0076 Received 2 Mar. 2012. *Corresponding author (upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Dryland Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Affected by Cropping Sequence and Nitrogen Fertilization Soil & Water Management & Conservation
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tillage Cropping Sequence and nitrogen fertilization effects on dryland soil carbon dioxide emission and carbon content
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Jalal D Jabro, Thecan CaesartonthatAbstract:: Management practices are needed to reduce dryland soil CO(2) emissions and to increase C sequestration. We evaluated the effects of tillage and Cropping Sequence combinations and N fertilization on dryland crop biomass (stems + leaves) and soil surface CO(2) flux and C content (0- to 120-cm depth) in a Williams loam from May to October, 2006 to 2008, in eastern Montana. Treatments were no-tilled continuous malt barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.) (NTCB), no-tilled malt barley-pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTB-P), no-tilled malt barley-fallow (NTB-F), and conventional-tilled malt barley-fallow (CTB-F), each with 0 and 80 kg N ha(-1). Measurements were made both in Phase I (malt barley in NTCB, pea in NTB-P, and fallow in NTB-F and CTB-F) and Phase II (malt barley in all Sequences) of each Cropping Sequence in every year. Crop biomass varied among years, was greater in the barley than in the pea phase of the NTB-P treatment, and greater in NTCB and NTB-P than in NTB-F and CTB-F in 2 out of 3 yr. Similarly, biomass was greater with 80 than with 0 kg N ha(-1) in 1 out of 3 yr. Soil CO(2) flux increased from 8 mg C m(-2) h(-1) in early May to 239 mg C m(-2) h(-1) in mid-June as temperature increased and then declined to 3 mg C m(-2) h(-1) in September-October. Fluxes peaked immediately following substantial precipitation (>10 mm), especially in NTCB and NTB-P. Cumulative CO(2) flux from May to October was greater in 2006 and 2007 than in 2008, greater in Cropping than in fallow phases, and greater in NTCB than in NTB-F. Tillage did not influence crop biomass and CO(2) flux but N fertilization had a variable effect on the flux in 2008. Similarly, soil total C content was not influenced by treatments. Annual Cropping increased CO(2) flux compared with crop-fallow probably by increasing crop residue returns to soils and root and rhizosphere respiration. Inclusion of peas in the rotation with malt barley in the no-till system, which have been known to reduce N fertilization rates and sustain malt barley yields, resulted in a CO(2) flux similar to that in the CTB-F Sequence.
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carbon and nitrogen fractions in dryland soil aggregates affected by long term tillage and Cropping Sequence
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Thecan Caesartonthat, Jalal D JabroAbstract:Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 73:1488-1495doi:10.2136/sssaj2008-0405Received 9 Dec. 2008.*Corresponding author (upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov).© Soil Science Society of America677 S. Segoe Rd. Madison WI 53711 USAAll rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
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tillage and Cropping Sequence impacts on nitrogen cycling in dryland farming in eastern montana usa
Soil & Tillage Research, 2009Co-Authors: Upendra M Sainju, Thecan Caesartonthat, Andrew W Lenssen, Robert G Evans, Robert KolbergAbstract:Information on N cycling in dryland crops and soils as influenced by long-term tillage and Cropping Sequence is needed to quantify soil N sequestration, mineralization, and N balance to reduce N fertilization rate and N losses through soil processes. The 21-yr effects of the combinations of tillage and Cropping Sequences was evaluated on dryland crop grain and biomass (stems + leaves) N, soil surface residue N, soil N fractions, and N balance at the 0–20 cm depth in Dooley sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, frigid, Typic Argiboroll) in eastern Montana, USA. Treatments were no-tilled continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (NTCW), spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall- and spring-tilled continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall- and spring-tilled spring wheat–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1984–1999) followed by spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (2000–2004) (FSTW-B/P), and springtilled spring wheat–fallow (STW-F). Nitrogen fractions were soil total N (STN), particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), potential N mineralization (PNM), NH 4 -N, and NO3-N. Annualized crop grain and biomass N varied with treatments and years and mean grain and biomass N from 1984 to 2004 were 14.3–21.2 kg N ha � 1 greater in NTCW, STCW, FSTCW, and FSTW-B/P than in STW-F. Soil surface residue N was 9.1–15.2 kg N ha � 1 greater in other treatments than in STW-F in 2004. The STN at 0–20 cm was 0.39–0.96 Mg N ha � 1 , PON 0.10–0.30 Mg N ha � 1 , and PNM 4.6–9.4 kg N ha � 1 greater in other treatments than in STW-F. At 0–5 cm, STN, PON, and MBN were greater in STCW than in FSTW-B/P and STW-F. At 5–20 cm, STN and PON were greater in NTCW and STCW than in STW-F, PNM and MBN were greater in STCW than in NTCW and STW-F, and NO3-N was greater in FSTW-B/P than in NTCW and FSTCW. Estimated N loss through leaching, volatilization, or denitrification at 0–20 cm depth increased with increasing tillage frequency or greater with fallow than with continuous Cropping and ranged from 9k g Nh a
T Sampathkumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of deficit irrigation on growth yield and yield parameters of cotton maize Cropping Sequence
Agricultural Water Management, 2013Co-Authors: T Sampathkumar, B J Pandian, P Manickasundaram, M V Rangaswamy, P JeyakumarAbstract:Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore, India during 2007–2009 to study the effect of deficit irrigation practices implemented through drip irrigation system on cotton–maize Cropping Sequence. Creation of soil moisture gradient is essential to explore the beneficial effects of partial root zone drying (PRD) irrigation; and it could be possible through ADI (alternate deficit irrigation) practice in paired row system of drip layout, commonly practiced in India. In the present study, PRD and deficit irrigation (DI) concepts (creation of soil moisture gradient) were implemented through ADI at two levels of irrigation using drip irrigation system. Experimental treatments comprised of seven irrigation levels (full and deficit) through drip system with surface irrigation for comparison. Maize was sown after cotton under no till condition without disturbing the raised bed and drip layout. Response of the crops to water stress indicated growth, yield parameters and crop yield were highest in mild water deficit (ADI at 100% ETc once in three days) among different deficit irrigation treatments. Alternate deficit irrigation (ADI100-50 and ADI80-40) resulted in higher values in plant height, LAI (leaf area index) and DMP (dry matter production). Among the deficit irrigation practices, mild deficit (ADI at 100% ETc once in three days) registered higher values for seed cotton yield (3670–3760 kg ha−1), grain yield of maize (7420–7590 kg ha−1). The same treatment registered higher values for net income and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in both the crops. Number of bolls per plant and sympodial branches per plant were the highly correlated parameters to seed cotton yield. In the case of maize, the number of grain per cob and cob weight were the highly correlated parameters to grain yield.
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yield and water relations of cotton maize Cropping Sequence under deficit irrigation using drip system
Irrigation and Drainage, 2012Co-Authors: T Sampathkumar, B J Pandian, M V Ranghaswamy, P ManickasundaramAbstract:The assessment of water use efficiency and crop performance of cottonâmaize Cropping Sequence under deficit irrigation has not been thoroughly studied in India. Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore, during 2007â2009 to study the effect of deficit irrigation practices through a drip irrigation system on crop productivity, and the water use efficiency of cottonâmaize Cropping Sequence. Experimental treatments comprised of six irrigation levels (full and deficit) through a drip system, with surface irrigation as one of the treatments for comparison. Maize was sown after hybrid cotton, under noâtill conditions, without disturbing the raised bed and drip layout. Among deficit irrigation practices, mild deficit (ADI at 100% ETc once in three days) registered higher values for seed cotton yield (3670â3760âkgâhaâ1), grain yield of maize (7420â7590âkgâhaâ1) and water use efficiency (9.0 and 18.0â20.4âkgâhaâ1âmmâ1 for cotton and maize, respectively). A significant secondâdegree polynomial relationship between crop yields and water use (WU) was found for both the crops.
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soil moisture distribution and root characters as influenced by deficit irrigation through drip system in cotton maize Cropping Sequence
Agricultural Water Management, 2012Co-Authors: T Sampathkumar, B J Pandian, S MahimairajaAbstract:Abstract Field experiments were conducted during 2007–2009 to study the effect of deficit irrigation practices through drip irrigation system on soil moisture distribution and root growth in cotton–maize Cropping Sequence. Creation of soil moisture gradient is indispensable to explore the beneficial effects of partial root zone drying (PRD) irrigation and it could be possible only through ADI practice in paired row system of drip layout, that is commonly practiced in India. In the present study, PRD and deficit irrigation (DI) concepts (creation of soil moisture gradient) were implemented through alternate deficit irrigation (ADI) at two levels of irrigation using drip system. Experimental treatments comprised of six irrigation levels (full and deficit) through drip system with surface irrigation for comparison. Maize was sown after cotton under no till condition without disturbing the raised bed and drip layout. Roots confined to the shallow depth and recorded the lowest values for both the crops under conventional drip irrigation at 100% ETc. Among the deficit irrigation treatments, mild deficit irrigation produced longer lateral roots from both the sides of the plant. Contrary to rooting depth, severe water stress affected the lateral root spread and recorded lower values than other drip irrigation treatments. Soil moisture content (SMC) was low nearer to the plant (at 30 cm across the lateral) and far away (at 30 cm along the lateral) from the plant, irrespective of treatments. The reduction in SMC was increased at all locations as applied water level decreased. It is concluded that alternate watering imposed through ADI at 100% ETc produced longer lateral roots with higher values for root dry mass Alternate deficit irrigation (ADI) resulted uneven distribution of soil moisture content. Among the ADI treatments, ADI at 100% had less uneven distribution than ADI at 80% ETc.
B J Pandian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of deficit irrigation on growth yield and yield parameters of cotton maize Cropping Sequence
Agricultural Water Management, 2013Co-Authors: T Sampathkumar, B J Pandian, P Manickasundaram, M V Rangaswamy, P JeyakumarAbstract:Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore, India during 2007–2009 to study the effect of deficit irrigation practices implemented through drip irrigation system on cotton–maize Cropping Sequence. Creation of soil moisture gradient is essential to explore the beneficial effects of partial root zone drying (PRD) irrigation; and it could be possible through ADI (alternate deficit irrigation) practice in paired row system of drip layout, commonly practiced in India. In the present study, PRD and deficit irrigation (DI) concepts (creation of soil moisture gradient) were implemented through ADI at two levels of irrigation using drip irrigation system. Experimental treatments comprised of seven irrigation levels (full and deficit) through drip system with surface irrigation for comparison. Maize was sown after cotton under no till condition without disturbing the raised bed and drip layout. Response of the crops to water stress indicated growth, yield parameters and crop yield were highest in mild water deficit (ADI at 100% ETc once in three days) among different deficit irrigation treatments. Alternate deficit irrigation (ADI100-50 and ADI80-40) resulted in higher values in plant height, LAI (leaf area index) and DMP (dry matter production). Among the deficit irrigation practices, mild deficit (ADI at 100% ETc once in three days) registered higher values for seed cotton yield (3670–3760 kg ha−1), grain yield of maize (7420–7590 kg ha−1). The same treatment registered higher values for net income and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in both the crops. Number of bolls per plant and sympodial branches per plant were the highly correlated parameters to seed cotton yield. In the case of maize, the number of grain per cob and cob weight were the highly correlated parameters to grain yield.
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yield and water relations of cotton maize Cropping Sequence under deficit irrigation using drip system
Irrigation and Drainage, 2012Co-Authors: T Sampathkumar, B J Pandian, M V Ranghaswamy, P ManickasundaramAbstract:The assessment of water use efficiency and crop performance of cottonâmaize Cropping Sequence under deficit irrigation has not been thoroughly studied in India. Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore, during 2007â2009 to study the effect of deficit irrigation practices through a drip irrigation system on crop productivity, and the water use efficiency of cottonâmaize Cropping Sequence. Experimental treatments comprised of six irrigation levels (full and deficit) through a drip system, with surface irrigation as one of the treatments for comparison. Maize was sown after hybrid cotton, under noâtill conditions, without disturbing the raised bed and drip layout. Among deficit irrigation practices, mild deficit (ADI at 100% ETc once in three days) registered higher values for seed cotton yield (3670â3760âkgâhaâ1), grain yield of maize (7420â7590âkgâhaâ1) and water use efficiency (9.0 and 18.0â20.4âkgâhaâ1âmmâ1 for cotton and maize, respectively). A significant secondâdegree polynomial relationship between crop yields and water use (WU) was found for both the crops.
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soil moisture distribution and root characters as influenced by deficit irrigation through drip system in cotton maize Cropping Sequence
Agricultural Water Management, 2012Co-Authors: T Sampathkumar, B J Pandian, S MahimairajaAbstract:Abstract Field experiments were conducted during 2007–2009 to study the effect of deficit irrigation practices through drip irrigation system on soil moisture distribution and root growth in cotton–maize Cropping Sequence. Creation of soil moisture gradient is indispensable to explore the beneficial effects of partial root zone drying (PRD) irrigation and it could be possible only through ADI practice in paired row system of drip layout, that is commonly practiced in India. In the present study, PRD and deficit irrigation (DI) concepts (creation of soil moisture gradient) were implemented through alternate deficit irrigation (ADI) at two levels of irrigation using drip system. Experimental treatments comprised of six irrigation levels (full and deficit) through drip system with surface irrigation for comparison. Maize was sown after cotton under no till condition without disturbing the raised bed and drip layout. Roots confined to the shallow depth and recorded the lowest values for both the crops under conventional drip irrigation at 100% ETc. Among the deficit irrigation treatments, mild deficit irrigation produced longer lateral roots from both the sides of the plant. Contrary to rooting depth, severe water stress affected the lateral root spread and recorded lower values than other drip irrigation treatments. Soil moisture content (SMC) was low nearer to the plant (at 30 cm across the lateral) and far away (at 30 cm along the lateral) from the plant, irrespective of treatments. The reduction in SMC was increased at all locations as applied water level decreased. It is concluded that alternate watering imposed through ADI at 100% ETc produced longer lateral roots with higher values for root dry mass Alternate deficit irrigation (ADI) resulted uneven distribution of soil moisture content. Among the ADI treatments, ADI at 100% had less uneven distribution than ADI at 80% ETc.