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Rainer Landgraf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inborn vs acquired anxiety in Cross Breeding and Cross fostering hab lab mice bred for extremes in anxiety related behavior
Behavioral Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Natalia Yurievna Chekmareva, Rainer Landgraf, Alexey E Umriukhin, S V SotnikovAbstract:This study focused on genetically determined versus acquired factors in shaping anxiety-related behavior by combining Cross-Breeding and Cross-fostering approaches. Via Cross-Breeding of HAB (high anxiety-related behavior) female and LAB (low anxiety-related behavior) male mice, we obtained F1 hybrids with intermediate anxiety levels carrying genetic characteristics of both parental lines. Pups were raised either by their biological HAB (nonCross-fostered control) or foster LAB (Cross-fostered) mothers. Compared to controls, 6-week-old offspring raised by LAB mothers showed lower levels of anxiety in the elevated plus-maze and open field, but not the light-dark box, tests. No differences were found in the forced swim test reflecting active versus passive coping. The behavioral changes were associated with increased stress-induced concentrations of plasma corticosterone in Cross-fostered animals. The expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type I and glucocorticoid receptor genes did not differ in limbic and hypothalamic brain areas between Cross-fostered and control mice. The data suggest that LAB-typical maternal care may partially shift behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics of F1 Crosses carrying both HAB and LAB alleles from intermediate toward reduced anxiety-related behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Cross-Fostering and Cross-Breeding of HAB and LAB Rats: A Genetic Rat Model of Anxiety
Behavior Genetics, 2001Co-Authors: Alexandra Wigger, Patrick Loerscher, Petra Weissenbacher, Florian Holsboer, Rainer LandgrafAbstract:Recently, two Wistar rat lines, bred and selected for either high (HAB) or low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior on the elevated plus-maze, were described as a novel psychopathologic animal model. The behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to exposure to an emotional stressor were markedly enhanced in HAB rats compared with LAB rats, thus resembling patients suffering from psychiatric diseases. The present study focused on the developmental and genetic basis of the line-specific differences by using Cross-fostering and Cross-Breeding approaches. For the Cross-fostering paradigm, neonate HAB offspring were nursed by a LAB foster mother, and vice versa, until weaning. In the Cross-Breeding approach, HAB females were mated with LAB males, and vice versa, to create an intermediate F_1 generation. Thereafter, the F_1 animals were strictly sibling-mated to produce a segregating F_2 generation. At 10 weeks of age, anxiety-related behavior of all animals was tested on the elevated plus-maze. The robustness of emotionality was assessed in rats of both lines throughout their entire lifetime. Serving this purpose, the frequency of ultrasound isolation calls, indicative of the emotionality of newborn rats, was monitored in regularly-fostered HAB and LAB pups on postnatal day 11. In addition, the timecourse of anxiety-related behavior was studied by repeated testing on the elevated plus-maze at the ages of 10 weeks, 6 months, 16 months, and 19 months. The Cross-fostering approach failed to reveal behavioral differences between regularly and Cross-fostered HAB and LAB rats, indicating no line-specific differences in maternal care or maternally-influenced development, at least after postnatal day 1. In contrast, Cross-Breeding resulted in F_1 and F_2 offspring displaying intermediate behavioral patterns on the elevated plus-maze which were exactly in between those shown in HAB and LAB control rats, thus confirming a genetic basis of the differences in anxiety. Cross-Breeding revealed no differences related to the gender of the offspring or to the line-derivation of sire or dam, indicating an autosomal, rather than heterosomal, heredity of the divergent emotionality in HABs and LABs. Further, we were able to show stable and robust emotional differences in rats of both lines during their entire lifetime. HAB rats showed an enhanced frequency of ultrasound isolation calls on postnatal day 11 ( p < 0.05) and a lower open arm exploration of the elevated plus-maze throughout adulthood ( p < 0.01) compared with the same-aged LABs. In conclusion, the extremely divergent anxiety levels of HAB and LAB rats are maintained during their whole lives and are determined genetically, rather than being learned. These findings may be important for further studies on the genetic basis of emotionality.
S V Sotnikov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inborn vs acquired anxiety in Cross Breeding and Cross fostering hab lab mice bred for extremes in anxiety related behavior
Behavioral Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Natalia Yurievna Chekmareva, Rainer Landgraf, Alexey E Umriukhin, S V SotnikovAbstract:This study focused on genetically determined versus acquired factors in shaping anxiety-related behavior by combining Cross-Breeding and Cross-fostering approaches. Via Cross-Breeding of HAB (high anxiety-related behavior) female and LAB (low anxiety-related behavior) male mice, we obtained F1 hybrids with intermediate anxiety levels carrying genetic characteristics of both parental lines. Pups were raised either by their biological HAB (nonCross-fostered control) or foster LAB (Cross-fostered) mothers. Compared to controls, 6-week-old offspring raised by LAB mothers showed lower levels of anxiety in the elevated plus-maze and open field, but not the light-dark box, tests. No differences were found in the forced swim test reflecting active versus passive coping. The behavioral changes were associated with increased stress-induced concentrations of plasma corticosterone in Cross-fostered animals. The expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type I and glucocorticoid receptor genes did not differ in limbic and hypothalamic brain areas between Cross-fostered and control mice. The data suggest that LAB-typical maternal care may partially shift behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics of F1 Crosses carrying both HAB and LAB alleles from intermediate toward reduced anxiety-related behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Natalia Yurievna Chekmareva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inborn vs acquired anxiety in Cross Breeding and Cross fostering hab lab mice bred for extremes in anxiety related behavior
Behavioral Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Natalia Yurievna Chekmareva, Rainer Landgraf, Alexey E Umriukhin, S V SotnikovAbstract:This study focused on genetically determined versus acquired factors in shaping anxiety-related behavior by combining Cross-Breeding and Cross-fostering approaches. Via Cross-Breeding of HAB (high anxiety-related behavior) female and LAB (low anxiety-related behavior) male mice, we obtained F1 hybrids with intermediate anxiety levels carrying genetic characteristics of both parental lines. Pups were raised either by their biological HAB (nonCross-fostered control) or foster LAB (Cross-fostered) mothers. Compared to controls, 6-week-old offspring raised by LAB mothers showed lower levels of anxiety in the elevated plus-maze and open field, but not the light-dark box, tests. No differences were found in the forced swim test reflecting active versus passive coping. The behavioral changes were associated with increased stress-induced concentrations of plasma corticosterone in Cross-fostered animals. The expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type I and glucocorticoid receptor genes did not differ in limbic and hypothalamic brain areas between Cross-fostered and control mice. The data suggest that LAB-typical maternal care may partially shift behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics of F1 Crosses carrying both HAB and LAB alleles from intermediate toward reduced anxiety-related behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Karlheinz Engel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of Cross Breeding of low phytic acid mips1 and ipk1 soybean glycine max l merr mutants on their contents of inositol phosphate isomers
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Sophia Gosner, Fengjie Yuan, Chenguang Zhou, Yuanyuan Tan, Qingyao Shu, Karlheinz EngelAbstract:The knowledge on consequences of Cross-Breeding of induced low phytic acid ( lpa) soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) mutants on the contents of phytic acid (InsP6) and lower inositol phosphate isomers (InsP2-InsP5) in the resulting progenies is limited. Therefore, MIPS1 and IPK1 lpa soybean mutants were Crossed with wild-type (WT) cultivars or among themselves to generate homozygous lpa and WT progenies and double lpa mutants. The lpa trait of the MIPS1 mutant was not altered by Cross-Breeding with a WT cultivar; lpa progenies had InsP6 reductions of about 44% compared to WT progenies. IPK1 progenies showed pronounced accumulations of specific InsP3-InsP5 isomers (up to 12.4 mg/g) compared to the progenitor lpa mutant (4.7 mg/g); the extent of InsP6 reduction (43-71%) was depending on the WT Crossing parent. Double mutants exhibited the most pronounced InsP6 reductions (up to 87%), accompanied by moderate accumulations of InsP3-InsP5 (2.5 mg/g). Cross-Breeding offers the potential to modulate the amounts of both InsP6 and InsP3-InsP5 contents in lpa soybean mutants and thus to improve their nutritional quality.
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Stability of the Metabolite Signature Resulting from the MIPS1 Mutation in Low Phytic Acid Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Mutants upon Cross-Breeding
2019Co-Authors: Sophia Goßner, Fengjie Yuan, Chenguang Zhou, Yuanyuan Tan, Qingyao Shu, Karlheinz EngelAbstract:The low phytic acid (lpa) soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) mutant Gm-lpa-TW-1-M, resulting from a 2 bp deletion in GmMIPS1, was Crossed with a commercial cultivar. F3 and F5 progenies were subjected to nontargeted GC-based metabolite profiling, allowing analysis of a broad array of low molecular weight constituents. In the homozygous lpa mutant progenies the intended phytic acid reduction was accompanied by remarkable metabolic changes of nutritionally relevant constituents such as reduced contents of raffinose oligosaccharides and galactosyl cyclitols as well as increased concentrations in sucrose and various free amino acids. The mutation-induced metabolite signature was nearly unaffected by the Cross-Breeding and consistently expressed over generations and in different growing seasons. Therefore, not only the primary MIPS1 lpa mutant but also its progenies might be valuable genetic resources for commercial Breeding programs to produce soybean seeds stably exhibiting improved phytate-related and nutritional properties
Alexandra Wigger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cross-Fostering and Cross-Breeding of HAB and LAB Rats: A Genetic Rat Model of Anxiety
Behavior Genetics, 2001Co-Authors: Alexandra Wigger, Patrick Loerscher, Petra Weissenbacher, Florian Holsboer, Rainer LandgrafAbstract:Recently, two Wistar rat lines, bred and selected for either high (HAB) or low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior on the elevated plus-maze, were described as a novel psychopathologic animal model. The behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to exposure to an emotional stressor were markedly enhanced in HAB rats compared with LAB rats, thus resembling patients suffering from psychiatric diseases. The present study focused on the developmental and genetic basis of the line-specific differences by using Cross-fostering and Cross-Breeding approaches. For the Cross-fostering paradigm, neonate HAB offspring were nursed by a LAB foster mother, and vice versa, until weaning. In the Cross-Breeding approach, HAB females were mated with LAB males, and vice versa, to create an intermediate F_1 generation. Thereafter, the F_1 animals were strictly sibling-mated to produce a segregating F_2 generation. At 10 weeks of age, anxiety-related behavior of all animals was tested on the elevated plus-maze. The robustness of emotionality was assessed in rats of both lines throughout their entire lifetime. Serving this purpose, the frequency of ultrasound isolation calls, indicative of the emotionality of newborn rats, was monitored in regularly-fostered HAB and LAB pups on postnatal day 11. In addition, the timecourse of anxiety-related behavior was studied by repeated testing on the elevated plus-maze at the ages of 10 weeks, 6 months, 16 months, and 19 months. The Cross-fostering approach failed to reveal behavioral differences between regularly and Cross-fostered HAB and LAB rats, indicating no line-specific differences in maternal care or maternally-influenced development, at least after postnatal day 1. In contrast, Cross-Breeding resulted in F_1 and F_2 offspring displaying intermediate behavioral patterns on the elevated plus-maze which were exactly in between those shown in HAB and LAB control rats, thus confirming a genetic basis of the differences in anxiety. Cross-Breeding revealed no differences related to the gender of the offspring or to the line-derivation of sire or dam, indicating an autosomal, rather than heterosomal, heredity of the divergent emotionality in HABs and LABs. Further, we were able to show stable and robust emotional differences in rats of both lines during their entire lifetime. HAB rats showed an enhanced frequency of ultrasound isolation calls on postnatal day 11 ( p < 0.05) and a lower open arm exploration of the elevated plus-maze throughout adulthood ( p < 0.01) compared with the same-aged LABs. In conclusion, the extremely divergent anxiety levels of HAB and LAB rats are maintained during their whole lives and are determined genetically, rather than being learned. These findings may be important for further studies on the genetic basis of emotionality.