The Experts below are selected from a list of 9645 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
B. Feil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Crotalaria (C-ochroleuca G Don) as a green manure in maize-bean cropping systems in Uganda
Field Crops Research, 1999Co-Authors: M. Fischler, Charles S. Wortmann, B. FeilAbstract:Abstract Crotalaria ( C. ochroleuca G. Don.) used as a green manure may improve the productivity of maize–bean cropping systems in eastern Africa. To test this hypothesis, three field studies were conducted over three consecutive cropping seasons at Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute in Uganda. In the first season, Crotalaria biomass was produced in pure stands or in intercrop systems with either common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or maize ( Zea mays L.) as companion crops. Crotalaria was sown at planting and three weeks after planting the food crops. The biomass of early planted Crotalaria was mulched, that of late planted Crotalaria was incorporated into the soil at planting of the following crop. The first subsequent crop was maize, and the second was either beans (in two seasons) or maize (in one season). In the Crotalaria production season, mean yield losses of maize through intercropping with early or late sown Crotalaria were 40 and 22%, respectively; the corresponding values for beans were 45 and 14%. In the first cropping season after Crotalaria production, the increase in maize grain yield on account of Crotalaria averaged 39%; the best response (68% increase) to Crotalaria was obtained with early sown sole Crotalaria applied as mulch. Major differences in soil mineral nitrogen content among the treatments occurred at the six-leaf stage of maize only. In the second cropping season following Crotalaria production, the mean increases in seed yields of beans or maize, due to Crotalaria, were 23 and 19%, respectively, indicating a considerable residual effect of Crotalaria green manure. The decrease in bulk density, and the increase in water infiltration capacity of the soil suggest that the yield stimulation because of Crotalaria not only resulted from the increased nitrogen supply, but also from more favorable soil physical properties. Considering the competitive effect of Crotalaria with the food crops and the positive effect on yields of subsequent crops, two options are especially promising: incorporation of Crotalaria produced by relay intercropping with beans and mulching of early sown Crotalaria produced in pure stands.
Charles S. Wortmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Crotalaria ochroleuca as a green manure crop in Uganda
African Crop Science Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Charles S. Wortmann, M. Isabirye, S. MusaAbstract:The potential of Crotalaria ochroleuca as a green manure crop was evaluated in a series of on-station and on-farm trials on reddish kaolinitic loam and sandy clay loam soils in Uganda. Production of the green manure by intercropping Crotalaria with either maize or beans was found to be feasible with little reduction in food crop yield and a mean Land Equivalent Ratio of 1.3. The large amounts of N in the Crotalaria indicates that large quantities of N were biologically fixed. Mean maize grain yields following Crotalaria sole crop were 180% and 240% of maize grain yields following maize in two on-station trials and nine on-farm trials, respectively. Mean maize grain yield following bean in rotation were not significantly less compared to maize following Crotalaria, but grain yields were low in both seasons of on-station trials due to adverse conditions. Mean maize stover yield following Crotalaria was 185% of the stover yield when maize followed beans in rotation. In on-farm trials, maize grain yield following Crotalaria was 160% of the maize yield following beans. Bean seed yields in the second season after Crotalaria production were 120 and 150% in plots with Crotalaria in the first season as compared to maize and bean as the first season crop. A green manure of Crotalaria was effective in improving the productivity of the system but there may be opportunities to improve the efficiency of use of the large amounts of nitrogen biologically fixed by the Crotalaria.
-
Crotalaria (C-ochroleuca G Don) as a green manure in maize-bean cropping systems in Uganda
Field Crops Research, 1999Co-Authors: M. Fischler, Charles S. Wortmann, B. FeilAbstract:Abstract Crotalaria ( C. ochroleuca G. Don.) used as a green manure may improve the productivity of maize–bean cropping systems in eastern Africa. To test this hypothesis, three field studies were conducted over three consecutive cropping seasons at Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute in Uganda. In the first season, Crotalaria biomass was produced in pure stands or in intercrop systems with either common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or maize ( Zea mays L.) as companion crops. Crotalaria was sown at planting and three weeks after planting the food crops. The biomass of early planted Crotalaria was mulched, that of late planted Crotalaria was incorporated into the soil at planting of the following crop. The first subsequent crop was maize, and the second was either beans (in two seasons) or maize (in one season). In the Crotalaria production season, mean yield losses of maize through intercropping with early or late sown Crotalaria were 40 and 22%, respectively; the corresponding values for beans were 45 and 14%. In the first cropping season after Crotalaria production, the increase in maize grain yield on account of Crotalaria averaged 39%; the best response (68% increase) to Crotalaria was obtained with early sown sole Crotalaria applied as mulch. Major differences in soil mineral nitrogen content among the treatments occurred at the six-leaf stage of maize only. In the second cropping season following Crotalaria production, the mean increases in seed yields of beans or maize, due to Crotalaria, were 23 and 19%, respectively, indicating a considerable residual effect of Crotalaria green manure. The decrease in bulk density, and the increase in water infiltration capacity of the soil suggest that the yield stimulation because of Crotalaria not only resulted from the increased nitrogen supply, but also from more favorable soil physical properties. Considering the competitive effect of Crotalaria with the food crops and the positive effect on yields of subsequent crops, two options are especially promising: incorporation of Crotalaria produced by relay intercropping with beans and mulching of early sown Crotalaria produced in pure stands.
Steven Runo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
witchweed s suicidal germination can slenderleaf help
Agronomy, 2020Co-Authors: Fridah A Mwakha, Nancy L M Budambula, Johnstone Omukhulu Neondo, Bernard M Gichimu, Eddy Okoth Odari, Peter K Kamau, Calvins Odero, Willy Kibet, Steven RunoAbstract:The parasitic plant Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth. is stimulated to germinate by biomolecules (strigolactones) produced in the roots of host and some non-host plants. Non-hosts induce Striga’s suicidal germination and are therefore used as trap crops. Among trap crops, the Slenderleaf legume in the genus Crotalaria (Crotalaria brevidens (L.) Benth.) and (Crotalaria orchroleuca (G.) Don.) has been popularized in African smallholder farms. However, the Striga germination efficiency of these locally grown Crotalaria varieties (landraces) is unknown. Also unclear is Crotolaria’s extent to inhibiting Striga growth, post germination. Extensive parasite penetration can expose the trap crop to secondary infections and possible phytotoxicity from Striga. We used in vitro germination assays to determine the Striga germination efficiency of 29 Crotalaria landraces. Furthermore, we determined Crotalaria’s ability to inhibit Striga attachment and growth using histological analysis. We found that: i) Crotalaria stimulated germination of Striga seeds at frequencies ranging between 15.5% and 54.5% compared to 74.2% stimulation by the synthetic strigolactone (GR24) used a positive control; ii) Crotalaria blocked Striga entry at multiple levels and did not allow growth beyond the pericycle, effectively blocking vascular connection with the non-host. Hence, Crotalaria is suitable as a trap crop in integrated Striga management.
-
Witchweed’s Suicidal Germination: Can Slenderleaf Help?
Agronomy, 2020Co-Authors: Fridah A Mwakha, Nancy L M Budambula, Johnstone Omukhulu Neondo, Bernard M Gichimu, Eddy Okoth Odari, Peter K Kamau, Calvins Odero, Willy Kibet, Steven RunoAbstract:The parasitic plant Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth. is stimulated to germinate by biomolecules (strigolactones) produced in the roots of host and some non-host plants. Non-hosts induce Striga’s suicidal germination and are therefore used as trap crops. Among trap crops, the Slenderleaf legume in the genus Crotalaria (Crotalaria brevidens (L.) Benth.) and (Crotalaria orchroleuca (G.) Don.) has been popularized in African smallholder farms. However, the Striga germination efficiency of these locally grown Crotalaria varieties (landraces) is unknown. Also unclear is Crotolaria’s extent to inhibiting Striga growth, post germination. Extensive parasite penetration can expose the trap crop to secondary infections and possible phytotoxicity from Striga. We used in vitro germination assays to determine the Striga germination efficiency of 29 Crotalaria landraces. Furthermore, we determined Crotalaria’s ability to inhibit Striga attachment and growth using histological analysis. We found that: i) Crotalaria stimulated germination of Striga seeds at frequencies ranging between 15.5% and 54.5% compared to 74.2% stimulation by the synthetic strigolactone (GR24) used a positive control; ii) Crotalaria blocked Striga entry at multiple levels and did not allow growth beyond the pericycle, effectively blocking vascular connection with the non-host. Hence, Crotalaria is suitable as a trap crop in integrated Striga management.
M. Fischler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Crotalaria (C-ochroleuca G Don) as a green manure in maize-bean cropping systems in Uganda
Field Crops Research, 1999Co-Authors: M. Fischler, Charles S. Wortmann, B. FeilAbstract:Abstract Crotalaria ( C. ochroleuca G. Don.) used as a green manure may improve the productivity of maize–bean cropping systems in eastern Africa. To test this hypothesis, three field studies were conducted over three consecutive cropping seasons at Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute in Uganda. In the first season, Crotalaria biomass was produced in pure stands or in intercrop systems with either common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or maize ( Zea mays L.) as companion crops. Crotalaria was sown at planting and three weeks after planting the food crops. The biomass of early planted Crotalaria was mulched, that of late planted Crotalaria was incorporated into the soil at planting of the following crop. The first subsequent crop was maize, and the second was either beans (in two seasons) or maize (in one season). In the Crotalaria production season, mean yield losses of maize through intercropping with early or late sown Crotalaria were 40 and 22%, respectively; the corresponding values for beans were 45 and 14%. In the first cropping season after Crotalaria production, the increase in maize grain yield on account of Crotalaria averaged 39%; the best response (68% increase) to Crotalaria was obtained with early sown sole Crotalaria applied as mulch. Major differences in soil mineral nitrogen content among the treatments occurred at the six-leaf stage of maize only. In the second cropping season following Crotalaria production, the mean increases in seed yields of beans or maize, due to Crotalaria, were 23 and 19%, respectively, indicating a considerable residual effect of Crotalaria green manure. The decrease in bulk density, and the increase in water infiltration capacity of the soil suggest that the yield stimulation because of Crotalaria not only resulted from the increased nitrogen supply, but also from more favorable soil physical properties. Considering the competitive effect of Crotalaria with the food crops and the positive effect on yields of subsequent crops, two options are especially promising: incorporation of Crotalaria produced by relay intercropping with beans and mulching of early sown Crotalaria produced in pure stands.
Retno Suntari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
pengaruh aplikasi kompos Crotalaria juncea l terhadap ketersediaan dan serapan ca mg s oleh jagung manis zea mays saccharata sturt di entisol wajak malang
JTSL (Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan), 2020Co-Authors: Retno Suntari, Muhammad Abdi Guna WiyahyaAbstract:Entisol is a type of soil at the initial development stage and has a texture dominated by sand fraction. This causes a decrease in soil quality and can reduce crop production. This compost of leguminase plants can play a role in improving soil chemical properties. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Crotalaria juncea L. compost application on the availability of secondary macro nutrients Ca, Mg, and S, and uptake of Ca, Mg, and S by sweet corn plant in Entisol, Wajak. Treatments tested were C0 (Urea 100%), C1 (Compost Crotalaria juncea L. 100% + Urea 75%), C2 (Compost Crotalaria juncea L. 100% + Urea 75%), C3 (Compost Crotalaria juncea L. 100%), C4 (Compost Crotalaria juncea L. 200%). The five treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the application of Crotalaria juncea L. compost (20 t ha -1 ) significantly increased the availability of Ca, Mg and S on 12 weeks by 41.6%, 96.71% and 133.78%, respectively. The application of Crotalaria juncea L. compost (20 t ha -1 ) did not significantly increase uptake of Ca, Mg and S.
-
efektifitas kompos tanaman Crotalaria juncea pada ketersediaan dan serapan n p k serta pertumbuhan tanaman jagung manis zea mays saccharata sturt pada entisol wajak malang
Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 2018Co-Authors: Laksono Raditya, Retno SuntariAbstract:The problem of Entisol used for agricultural land is the loss of nutrients due to leaching and evaporation. It is thus necessary to keep the nutrients available in the soil. The purpose from this research was (1) to know the effectiveness of Crotalaria juncea compost application on the availability of N, P, and K on Entisol Wajak, and (2) to assess the effectiveness of Crotalaria juncea compost application on uptake of N, P, K and growth of sweet corn in an Entisol of Wajak, Malang. This research used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications, i.e. C0 (Urea 100%), C1 ( Crotalaria juncea compost 100% + Urea 75%), C2 ( Crotalaria juncea compost 100% + Urea 75%), C3 ( Crotalaria juncea compost 100%), C4 ( Crotalaria juncea compost 200%). The results showed that application of Crotalaria juncea compost 100% (10 t ha -1 ) did not significantly affect available-P but it significantly increased available-N at 4 and 8 weeks with the effectiveness of 39% and 79.66%, and significantly increased the available-K at 8 and 12 weeks with effectiveness of 38.75% and 33.33% compared to 100% urea application (288 kg ha -1 ). Applications of 100% Crotalaria juncea compost (10 t ha -1 ) did not significantly affect plant growth (dry weight and plant height) as well as the N and K uptake, but increased the effectiveness of the P uptake 2.07% compared to 100% urea application (288 kg ha -1 ).