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Yebo Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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value added processing of Crude Glycerol into chemicals and polymers
Bioresource Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Xumeng Ge, Yebo LiAbstract:Abstract Crude Glycerol is a low-value byproduct which is primarily obtained from the biodiesel production process. Its composition is significantly different from that of pure Glycerol. Crude Glycerol usually contains various impurities, such as water, methanol, soap, fatty acids, and fatty acid methyl esters. Considerable efforts have been devoted to finding applications for converting Crude Glycerol into high-value products, such as biofuels, chemicals, polymers, and animal feed, to improve the economic viability of the biodiesel industry and overcome environmental challenges associated with Crude Glycerol disposal. This article reviews recent advances of biological and chemical technologies for value-added processing of Crude Glycerol into chemicals and polymers, and provides strategies for addressing production challenges.
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polyols and polyurethane foams from base catalyzed liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass by Crude Glycerol effects of Crude Glycerol impurities
Industrial Crops and Products, 2014Co-Authors: Shengjun Hu, Yebo LiAbstract:Abstract This study investigated the effects of organic impurities in Crude Glycerol, including free fatty acids (FFAs), methyl esters of fatty acids (FAMEs), and glycerides, on the properties of polyols and PU foams derived from Crude Glycerol-based liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass catalyzed by a base. Organic impurities, particularly FFAs and FAMEs, exhibited positive influences on the properties of liquefaction-derived polyols and PU foams. Crude Glycerol containing 45–70% of organic impurities was optimal for the production of polyols and PU foams. At optimal impurity levels, the polyols produced showed hydroxyl numbers and molecular weights ( M w ) ranging from 405 to 794 mg KOH/g and from 400 to 1000 g/mol, respectively; the PU foams produced showed densities and compressive strength ranging from 0.037 to 0.048 g/cm 3 and from 140 to 188 kPa, respectively. These properties are comparable to those of the polyols and PU foams derived from petrochemical solvent-based biomass liquefaction processes.
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Polyols and polyurethane foams from acid‐catalyzed biomass liquefaction by Crude Glycerol: Effects of Crude Glycerol impurities
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2014Co-Authors: Shengjun Hu, Yebo LiAbstract:The effects of Crude Glycerol impurities on acid-catalyzed biomass liquefaction by Crude Glycerol were investigated. Salts (i.e., NaCl and Na2SO4) decreased biomass conversion ratios and negatively affected the properties of polyols produced. Regression models were developed and validated as appropriate for describing the relationships between organic impurities and biomass conversion ratios and between organic impurities and the hydroxyl number of polyols. Polyols produced from Crude Glycerol containing 0–45% organic impurities showed the hydroxyl number varying from 1301 to 700 mg KOH/g, acid number from 19 to 28 mg KOH/g, viscosity from 2.4 to 29.2 Pa s, and molecular weight (Mw) from 244 to 550 g/mol. Crude Glycerol containing 40–50 wt % of organic impurities was suitable to produce polyols with suitable properties for rigid and/or semi-rigid polyurethane (PU) foam applications. The produced PU foams showed density and compressive strength comparable to those derived from petrochemical solvent-based liquefaction processes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40739.
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characterization of Crude Glycerol from biodiesel plants
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Shengjun Hu, Yebo LiAbstract:Characterization of Crude Glycerol is very important to its value-added conversion. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of five biodiesel-derived Crude Glycerol samples were determined. Three methods, including iodometric–periodic acid method, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC), were shown to be suitable for the determination of Glycerol content in Crude Glycerol. The compositional analysis of Crude Glycerol was successfully achieved by Crude Glycerol fractionation and characterization of the obtained fractions (aqueous and organic) using titrimetric, HPLC, and GC analyses. The aqueous fraction consisted mainly of Glycerol, methanol, and water, while the organic fraction contained fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), free fatty acids (FFAs), and glycerides. Despite the wide variations in the proportion of their components, all raw Crude Glycerol samples were shown to contain Glycerol, soap, methanol, FAMEs, water, glycerides, FFAs, and ash.
Bijan Choudhury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential Role of Halophile in Crude Glycerol Based Biorefinery
Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies, 2017Co-Authors: Noopur Singh, Swapna K. Srivastava, Bijan ChoudhuryAbstract:Biorefinery includes microbial fermentation processes which could utilize Glycerol as raw material for the production of bio-derived building block compounds and polymers. The recent expansion in biodiesel market has resulted in a remarkable transformation in availability and subsequent cost of Glycerol, which is generated at 10% of total biodiesel produced. Being produced in excess, Crude Glycerol price has suffered a major decline, thereby affecting the economics of biodiesel industry. Purification of Crude Glycerol for use in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry increases the production cost and hence not considered as a viable option for disposal of such huge amount of Glycerol, which also poses an environmental concern. Thus the Crude Glycerol based refinery concept is being explored whose objective should be to actualize technologies for valorization of waste Glycerol. The major challenge thwarting the development of such biorefinery is obtaining microbial strains tolerant of Crude Glycerol along with its impurities. However, concentrated Crude Glycerol has rarely been used for microbial conversion to value-added products. High usage of portable water is required to dilute concentrated Crude Glycerol for Crude Glycerol based biorefinery. In this chapter, the recent attempts to explore microbial assimilation of Glycerol has been summarized. Besides how halophiles can be considered as a viable alternative for valorization of Crude Glycerol is presented.
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Suitability of Crude Glycerol obtained from biodiesel waste for the production of trehalose and propionic acid
Green Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Rohit Ruhal, Shivang Aggarwal, Bijan ChoudhuryAbstract:Crude Glycerol is a major by-product of the biodiesel manufacturing industry. Utilization of this by-product is an area of interest among biotechnologists and chemists. In particular, many thermo-chemical and biological methods are available for the conversion of Crude Glycerol into useful products. The objective of the present study was to determine the suitability of Crude Glycerol for trehalose (non-reducing sugar) and propionic acid productions by a food microbe, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii. It was observed that Crude Glycerol obtained from biodiesel waste favoured higher yields of trehalose and propionic acid production as compared to pure Glycerol. In Crude Glycerol medium, the maximum trehalose yield (based on substrate consumed) achieved was approximately 6.5 times higher as compared to pure Glycerol medium. Similarly, the propionic acid yield obtained in Crude Glycerol medium was two times higher than in pure Glycerol. Thus, this study clearly demonstrated the superiority of Crude Glycerol medium over pure Glycerol medium for the simultaneous fermentative production of propionic acid and trehalose. It was also predicted that due to the presence of KCl in Crude Glycerol, the trehalose yield based on substrate consumed was increased significantly. It was also observed that 10 g l−1 of Crude Glycerol was the optimum concentration for fermentative production of trehalose and propionic acid.
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Suitability of Crude Glycerol obtained from biodiesel waste for the production of trehalose and propionic acid
Green Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Rohit Ruhal, Shivang Aggarwal, Bijan ChoudhuryAbstract:Crude Glycerol is a major by-product of the biodiesel manufacturing industry. Utilization of this by-product is an area of interest among biotechnologists and chemists. In particular, many thermo-chemical and biological methods are available for the conversion of Crude Glycerol into useful products. The objective of the present study was to determine the suitability of Crude Glycerol for trehalose (non-reducing sugar) and propionic acid productions by a food microbe, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii. It was observed that Crude Glycerol obtained from biodiesel waste favoured higher yields of trehalose and propionic acid production as compared to pure Glycerol. In Crude Glycerol medium, the maximum trehalose yield (based on substrate consumed) achieved was approximately 6.5 times higher as compared to pure Glycerol medium. Similarly, the propionic acid yield obtained in Crude Glycerol medium was two times higher than in pure Glycerol. Thus, this study clearly demonstrated the superiority of Crude Glycerol medium over pure Glycerol medium for the simultaneous fermentative production of propionic acid and trehalose. It was also predicted that due to the presence of KCl in Crude Glycerol, the trehalose yield based on substrate consumed was increased significantly. It was also observed that 10 g l -1 of Crude Glycerol was the optimum concentration for fermentative production of trehalose and propionic acid. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Carlington W. Wallace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enhanced bio oil production from swine manure co liquefaction with Crude Glycerol
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Abolghasem Shahbazi, Carlington W. Wallace, Lijun Wang, Dan ChengAbstract:Abstract Swine manure was treated by a high-pressure reactor for bio-oil production over a temperature range 260–360 °C and a retention time of 5–90 min. The effect of temperature, retention time and Crude Glycerol addition on the oil yield and quality of liquefaction process of swine manure was investigated. Temperature showed important effects both on oil yield and oil quality. Increasing temperature from 260 °C to 340 °C was found to increase the oil yield, carbon content, and heating value of the oil. Retention time affected the completeness of the liquefaction process. Extending the retention time was found to have more influence on the quantity rather than the quality of oil product. The highest oil yield was obtained at 24% on a dry matter basis at reaction temperature of 340 °C and retention time of 15 min. At the optimum conditions, Crude Glycerol was added in the swine manure slurry at different ratios in order to evaluate the use of Glycerol as a co-substrate, to improve the bio-oil production during the liquefaction process. The oil yield increased dramatically by adding Crude Glycerol as the co-substrate at different manure to Crude Glycerol ratio. Specifically, by adding three parts of Crude Glycerol into one part of swine manure, the oil yield increased to 68% (g/g dry matter). However, increasing the Crude Glycerol addition negatively affected both the carbon content and heating value of oil.
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Enhanced bio-oil production from swine manure co-liquefaction with Crude Glycerol
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Shuangning Xiu, Carlington W. Wallace, Abolghasem Shahbazi, Lijun Wang, Dan ChengAbstract:Swine manure was treated by a high-pressure reactor for bio-oil production over a temperature range 260-360 °C and a retention time of 5-90 min. The effect of temperature, retention time and Crude Glycerol addition on the oil yield and quality of liquefaction process of swine manure was investigated. Temperature showed important effects both on oil yield and oil quality. Increasing temperature from 260 °C to 340 °C was found to increase the oil yield, carbon content, and heating value of the oil. Retention time affected the completeness of the liquefaction process. Extending the retention time was found to have more influence on the quantity rather than the quality of oil product. The highest oil yield was obtained at 24% on a dry matter basis at reaction temperature of 340 °C and retention time of 15 min. At the optimum conditions, Crude Glycerol was added in the swine manure slurry at different ratios in order to evaluate the use of Glycerol as a co-substrate, to improve the bio-oil production during the liquefaction process. The oil yield increased dramatically by adding Crude Glycerol as the co-substrate at different manure to Crude Glycerol ratio. Specifically, by adding three parts of Crude Glycerol into one part of swine manure, the oil yield increased to 68% (g/g dry matter). However, increasing the Crude Glycerol addition negatively affected both the carbon content and heating value of oil. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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effectiveness and mechanisms of Crude Glycerol on the biofuel production from swine manure through hydrothermal pyrolysis
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2010Co-Authors: Abolghasem Shahbazi, Vestel Shirley, Michele R Mims, Carlington W. WallaceAbstract:Abstract A series of laboratory experiments were performed in a high-pressure batch reactor, fed with mixtures of swine manure and Crude Glycerol at various ratios to produce bio-oil. At 340 °C and 15 min retention time, the oil yield increased dramatically by adding Crude Glycerol as the co-substrate. At a swine manure to Crude Glycerol ratio of 1:3 (weight ratio), a maximum oil yield of 68% was obtained. In order to figure out the key component in Crude Glycerol that could lead to enhancement of the oil yield, Crude Glycerol was separated into three fractions—free fatty acid, Glycerol/water/methanol and salts—by adding 85% phosphoric acid. Then the three fractions were added to manure individually at a 1:1 weight ratio of Glycerol to manure, and the corresponding oil yield and quality were evaluated. This resulted in the discovery that the free fatty acid increased oil yield dramatically from 23.9% to 70.92%. Moreover, the oil quality was also improved, having a lower density and viscosity. The results indicate that co-hydrothermal pyrolysis of manure with Crude Glycerol or free fatty acid makes it possible to obtain a relatively high yield of bio-oil at a moderate high temperature.
Abolghasem Shahbazi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enhanced bio oil production from swine manure co liquefaction with Crude Glycerol
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Abolghasem Shahbazi, Carlington W. Wallace, Lijun Wang, Dan ChengAbstract:Abstract Swine manure was treated by a high-pressure reactor for bio-oil production over a temperature range 260–360 °C and a retention time of 5–90 min. The effect of temperature, retention time and Crude Glycerol addition on the oil yield and quality of liquefaction process of swine manure was investigated. Temperature showed important effects both on oil yield and oil quality. Increasing temperature from 260 °C to 340 °C was found to increase the oil yield, carbon content, and heating value of the oil. Retention time affected the completeness of the liquefaction process. Extending the retention time was found to have more influence on the quantity rather than the quality of oil product. The highest oil yield was obtained at 24% on a dry matter basis at reaction temperature of 340 °C and retention time of 15 min. At the optimum conditions, Crude Glycerol was added in the swine manure slurry at different ratios in order to evaluate the use of Glycerol as a co-substrate, to improve the bio-oil production during the liquefaction process. The oil yield increased dramatically by adding Crude Glycerol as the co-substrate at different manure to Crude Glycerol ratio. Specifically, by adding three parts of Crude Glycerol into one part of swine manure, the oil yield increased to 68% (g/g dry matter). However, increasing the Crude Glycerol addition negatively affected both the carbon content and heating value of oil.
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Enhanced bio-oil production from swine manure co-liquefaction with Crude Glycerol
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Shuangning Xiu, Carlington W. Wallace, Abolghasem Shahbazi, Lijun Wang, Dan ChengAbstract:Swine manure was treated by a high-pressure reactor for bio-oil production over a temperature range 260-360 °C and a retention time of 5-90 min. The effect of temperature, retention time and Crude Glycerol addition on the oil yield and quality of liquefaction process of swine manure was investigated. Temperature showed important effects both on oil yield and oil quality. Increasing temperature from 260 °C to 340 °C was found to increase the oil yield, carbon content, and heating value of the oil. Retention time affected the completeness of the liquefaction process. Extending the retention time was found to have more influence on the quantity rather than the quality of oil product. The highest oil yield was obtained at 24% on a dry matter basis at reaction temperature of 340 °C and retention time of 15 min. At the optimum conditions, Crude Glycerol was added in the swine manure slurry at different ratios in order to evaluate the use of Glycerol as a co-substrate, to improve the bio-oil production during the liquefaction process. The oil yield increased dramatically by adding Crude Glycerol as the co-substrate at different manure to Crude Glycerol ratio. Specifically, by adding three parts of Crude Glycerol into one part of swine manure, the oil yield increased to 68% (g/g dry matter). However, increasing the Crude Glycerol addition negatively affected both the carbon content and heating value of oil. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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effectiveness and mechanisms of Crude Glycerol on the biofuel production from swine manure through hydrothermal pyrolysis
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2010Co-Authors: Abolghasem Shahbazi, Vestel Shirley, Michele R Mims, Carlington W. WallaceAbstract:Abstract A series of laboratory experiments were performed in a high-pressure batch reactor, fed with mixtures of swine manure and Crude Glycerol at various ratios to produce bio-oil. At 340 °C and 15 min retention time, the oil yield increased dramatically by adding Crude Glycerol as the co-substrate. At a swine manure to Crude Glycerol ratio of 1:3 (weight ratio), a maximum oil yield of 68% was obtained. In order to figure out the key component in Crude Glycerol that could lead to enhancement of the oil yield, Crude Glycerol was separated into three fractions—free fatty acid, Glycerol/water/methanol and salts—by adding 85% phosphoric acid. Then the three fractions were added to manure individually at a 1:1 weight ratio of Glycerol to manure, and the corresponding oil yield and quality were evaluated. This resulted in the discovery that the free fatty acid increased oil yield dramatically from 23.9% to 70.92%. Moreover, the oil quality was also improved, having a lower density and viscosity. The results indicate that co-hydrothermal pyrolysis of manure with Crude Glycerol or free fatty acid makes it possible to obtain a relatively high yield of bio-oil at a moderate high temperature.
Dan Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enhanced bio oil production from swine manure co liquefaction with Crude Glycerol
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Abolghasem Shahbazi, Carlington W. Wallace, Lijun Wang, Dan ChengAbstract:Abstract Swine manure was treated by a high-pressure reactor for bio-oil production over a temperature range 260–360 °C and a retention time of 5–90 min. The effect of temperature, retention time and Crude Glycerol addition on the oil yield and quality of liquefaction process of swine manure was investigated. Temperature showed important effects both on oil yield and oil quality. Increasing temperature from 260 °C to 340 °C was found to increase the oil yield, carbon content, and heating value of the oil. Retention time affected the completeness of the liquefaction process. Extending the retention time was found to have more influence on the quantity rather than the quality of oil product. The highest oil yield was obtained at 24% on a dry matter basis at reaction temperature of 340 °C and retention time of 15 min. At the optimum conditions, Crude Glycerol was added in the swine manure slurry at different ratios in order to evaluate the use of Glycerol as a co-substrate, to improve the bio-oil production during the liquefaction process. The oil yield increased dramatically by adding Crude Glycerol as the co-substrate at different manure to Crude Glycerol ratio. Specifically, by adding three parts of Crude Glycerol into one part of swine manure, the oil yield increased to 68% (g/g dry matter). However, increasing the Crude Glycerol addition negatively affected both the carbon content and heating value of oil.
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Enhanced bio-oil production from swine manure co-liquefaction with Crude Glycerol
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Shuangning Xiu, Carlington W. Wallace, Abolghasem Shahbazi, Lijun Wang, Dan ChengAbstract:Swine manure was treated by a high-pressure reactor for bio-oil production over a temperature range 260-360 °C and a retention time of 5-90 min. The effect of temperature, retention time and Crude Glycerol addition on the oil yield and quality of liquefaction process of swine manure was investigated. Temperature showed important effects both on oil yield and oil quality. Increasing temperature from 260 °C to 340 °C was found to increase the oil yield, carbon content, and heating value of the oil. Retention time affected the completeness of the liquefaction process. Extending the retention time was found to have more influence on the quantity rather than the quality of oil product. The highest oil yield was obtained at 24% on a dry matter basis at reaction temperature of 340 °C and retention time of 15 min. At the optimum conditions, Crude Glycerol was added in the swine manure slurry at different ratios in order to evaluate the use of Glycerol as a co-substrate, to improve the bio-oil production during the liquefaction process. The oil yield increased dramatically by adding Crude Glycerol as the co-substrate at different manure to Crude Glycerol ratio. Specifically, by adding three parts of Crude Glycerol into one part of swine manure, the oil yield increased to 68% (g/g dry matter). However, increasing the Crude Glycerol addition negatively affected both the carbon content and heating value of oil. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.