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Katie Sykes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nations like unto yourselves an inquiry into the status of a general principle of international law on animal welfare
Social Science Research Network, 2013Co-Authors: Katie SykesAbstract:This article proposes that there is a general principle of international law concerning the humane treatment of Animals. Preoccupation with “animal rights” has been associated with Western cultural imperialism masquerading as a universal ethic. The issue of animal welfare is thus an instructive example of what Jutta Brunnee and Stephen toope have identified as the key challenge for international law of “construct[ing] normative institutions while admitting and upholding the diversity of peoples in international society.” The article applies the framework of interactive international law that is set out in Brunnee and toope’s recent book Legitimacy and Legality in International Law, while raising questions about the weight that their analysis accords to practice and their willingness to conclude that widely recognized principles to which states fail to adhere in practice lack legal force. The article also examines how laws prohibiting Cruelty to Animals have emerged precisely from an interactive cultural exchange between East and West, in particular between England and India. It concludes that Brunnee and toope’s framework, although it does not deal at any length with general principles of law (a source of international law in which practice plays a relatively minor role), is a useful tool for understanding how a culturally contested principle fits into international law, and ultimately supports the view that there is a general principle of international law concerning animal welfare.
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nations like unto yourselves an inquiry into the status of a general principle of international law on animal welfare
Canadian Yearbook of international Law Annuaire canadien de droit international, 2012Co-Authors: Katie SykesAbstract:This article proposes that there is a general principIe of international law concerning the humane treatment of Animals. Preoccupation with "animal rights" has been associated with Western cultural imperialism masquerading as a universal ethic. Animal welfare is thus an instructive case study of what Jutta Brunnee and Stephen toope have identified as the key challenge for international law, that of "construct[ing] normative institutions while admitting and upholding the diversity of peoples in international society." This article applies the framework of interactional international law set out in Brunnee and toope's recent book Legitimacy and Legality in International Law, while raising questions about the weight that their analysis accords to practice and their willingness to conclude that widely recognized principles to which states fail to adhere in practice lack legal force. The article also examines how laws prohibiting Cruelty to Animals have emerged precisely from an interactive cultural exchange between East and West, in particular, between England and India. It concludes that Brunnee and toope's framework, although it does not deal at any length with general principles of law (a source of in ternational law in which practice plays a relatively minor role) , is nevertheless a useful tool for understanding how a culturally contested principIe fits into international law and ultimately supports the view that there is a general principIe of international law concerning animal welfare
David Mellor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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childhood Cruelty to Animals in china the relationship with psychological adjustment and family functioning
Child Care Health and Development, 2013Co-Authors: Jessica Wong, David Mellor, Ben RichardsonAbstract:Background The current study broadened the general scope of research conducted on childhood Cruelty to Animals by examining the association between psychological adjustment, family functioning and animal Cruelty in an Eastern context, China. Method The mothers and fathers of 729 children attending primary school in Chengdu, China participated in this study. Each parent completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument, and the Children's Attitudes and Behaviours towards Animals questionnaire. Results Findings from an actor partner interdependence model demonstrated that parents' ratings of family functioning and of their child's externalizing coping style predicted only modest amounts of variance in animal Cruelty. In particular, parents' ratings of their child's externalizing coping style most consistently predicted animal Cruelty. Family functioning, fathers' ratings in particular, played a minor role, more so for boys compared with girls. Conclusion This study provided the first insight into childhood animal Cruelty in China, and suggests that further research may enhance our understanding of these phenomena.
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childhood Cruelty to Animals do mothers and fathers reports agree
Anthrozoos, 2011Co-Authors: David Mellor, Jessica WongAbstract:This study investigates, for the first time, the concordance between mothers' and fathers' reports of Cruelty to Animals by their child. Seven hundred parental dyads recruited through schools in Chengdu, China, completed the Chinese version of the Children's Attitudes and Behaviors towards Animals scale. Mothers and fathers of boys reported more cruel behaviors towards Animals on the part of their child than did mothers and fathers of girls. The correlations between mothers' and fathers' reports were significant, but moderate, but parents of boys' reports were more consistent than those of parents of girls. No gender-of-parent by gender-of-child effect was found, and fathers of boys reported significantly higher levels of total Cruelty than did the boys' mothers. More studies are needed to assess childhood Cruelty to Animals in China, and to further examine the inter-parent agreement.
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Childhood Cruelty to Animals: A Tri-national Study
Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 2009Co-Authors: David Mellor, James Yeow, Noor Fizlee Mohd Hapidzal, Takashi Yamamoto, Akimitsu Yokoyama, Yosuke NobuzaneAbstract:Childhood Cruelty to Animals is a symptom of conduct disorder that has been linked to the perpetration of violence in later life. Research has identified several factors associated with its etiology, including social factors. However, no cross-cultural studies on this phenomenon have been reported. This study investigated childhood Cruelty to Animals in Japan, Australia and Malaysia. Parents of 1,358 children between the ages of 5 and 13 years completed the Children’s Attitudes and Behaviours towards Animals questionnaire (CABTA) which assesses Typical and Malicious Cruelty to Animals. Analyses revealed no overall differences between children from these countries on either scale. However, younger boys were more likely to be cruel than younger girls in each country, and younger children in Australia and Japan were more likely to be cruel that older children in those countries. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research, and recommendations for future studies are suggested.
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the relationship between childhood Cruelty to Animals and psychological adjustment a malaysian study
Anthrozoos, 2008Co-Authors: David Mellor, James Yeow, Norul Hidayah Bt Mamat, Noor Fizlee Bt Mohd HapidzalAbstract:ABSTRACTIn Western research, Cruelty to Animals in childhood has been associated with comorbid conduct problems and with interpersonal violence in later life. However, there is little understanding of the etiology of Cruelty to Animals, and what in the child's life may require attention if the chain linking animal Cruelty and later violence is to be broken. The study reported in this paper investigated the association between parent-reported Cruelty to Animals, and parent- and self-reported psychological strengths and weaknesses in a sample of 379 elementary school children in an Eastern context, Malaysia. No gender differences were found in relation to Cruelty to Animals or psychological problems, as assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). However, there were different predictors of Cruelty to Animals for boys and girls. Regression analyses found that for boys, parent-reported hyperactivity was a unique predictor of Malicious and total Cruelty to Animals. For girls, self-reporte...
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the development of a screening questionnaire for childhood Cruelty to Animals
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2001Co-Authors: Elise C Guymer, David Mellor, Ernest S L Luk, Vicky PearseAbstract:Childhood Cruelty to Animals may be a marker of poor prognosis amongst conduct disordered children. However, other than semistructured interviews with parents or children, there are no screening instruments for this behavior. The aim of this study was to develop such an instrument. In the first phase of the study, a parent-report questionnaire, Children's Attitudes and Behaviors towards Animals (CABTA) was designed and piloted on 360 elementary school children, enabling community norms and a factor structure for the instrument to be derived. In the second phase, the questionnaire was completed by the parents of a small sample of children (N= 17) to establish its test-retest reliability. In the third phase of the study, the CABTA was completed by the parents of 19 children who had been diagnosed with either a Disruptive Behavioral Disorder or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and the results were compared with the outcome of a semistructured interview with parents regarding their child's behavior toward Animals. The results of the various phases of the study indicated that the CABTA consists of two factors, Typical and Malicious Cruelty to Animals, and is a reliable and valid tool for detecting childhood Cruelty to Animals. Possible use and adaptations of the CABTA as a screening instrument in clinical and community samples are discussed.
Michael G. Vaughn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deliberate self harm and the nexus of violence victimization and mental health problems in the united states
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2015Co-Authors: Michael G. Vaughn, Matt Delisi, Christopher P Salaswright, Matthew LarsonAbstract:Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is associated with diverse psychiatric diagnoses and broad psychopathology but less is known about its association with other forms of interpersonal violence and crime. Using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), the current study examined linkages between not only DSH and mental health and substance abuse comorbidity, but also childhood abuse, lifetime victimization, and a variety of violent behaviors. We identified a prevalence of 2.91% for DSH and found that DSH is associated with generalized and severe psychopathology, wide-ranging substance abuse, and adverse childhood experiences. Contrary to other studies, we found significant racial and ethnic differences in DSH. African-American, Latinos, and Asians, were substantially less likely than Whites to report DSH. Our hypothesis that DSH would be associated with a variety of violent behaviors including robbery, intimate partner violence, forced sex, Cruelty to Animals, and use of a weapon was supported even after adjusting for an array of covariates. We extend previous research on DSH by examining its prevalence in one the largest comorbidity surveys ever conducted and show that DSH is associated with multiple forms of violent behavior toward others, including Animals.
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effects of childhood adversity on bullying and Cruelty to Animals in the united states findings from a national sample
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2011Co-Authors: Michael G. Vaughn, Matt Delisi, Kevin M. Beaver, Brian E. Perron, Matthew O. HowardAbstract:This study examined effects of type of and cumulative burden of childhood adversities on bullying and Cruelty to Animals in the United States. Data were derived from Waves I and II of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Structured psychiatric interviews were completed by trained lay interviewers between 2001-2002 and 2003-2004. Although the effects of childhood adversity diminished with the inclusion of confounding variables, several adversities remained significant. For bullying, these included being made to do chores that were too difficult or dangerous, threatening to hit or throw something, pushing, shoving, slapping, or hitting, and hitting that left bruises, marks, or injuries. With respect to Cruelty to Animals, swearing and saying hurtful things, having a parent or other adult living within the home that went to jail or prison, and adult/other person fondling/touching in a sexual way were significant. The final models indicated that the cumulative burden of childhood adversities had strong effects on the increased likelihood of bullying behavior but not Cruelty to Animals.
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Correlates of Cruelty to Animals in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2009Co-Authors: Michael G. Vaughn, Matt Delisi, Kevin M. Beaver, Brian E. Perron, Katie Terrell, Matthew O. HowardAbstract:Objective: to examine the sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychiatric correlates of Cruelty to Animals in the US. Materials and methods: Data were derived from a nationally representative sample of adults residing in the US Structured psychiatric interviews (N = 43,093) were completed by trained lay interviewers between 2001 and 2002. Personality, substance use, mood, and anxiety disorders and Cruelty to Animals were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (DSM-IV) version. Results: The lifetime prevalence of animal Cruelty in US adults was 1.8%. Men, African-Americans, NativeAmericans/Asians, native-born Americans, persons with lower levels of income and education and adults living the western region of the US reported comparatively high levels of Cruelty to Animals, whereas Hispanics reported comparatively low levels of such behavior. Cruelty to Animals was significantly associated with all assessed antisocial behaviors. Adjusted analyses revealed strong associations between lifetime alcohol use disorders, conduct disorder, antisocial, obsessive–compulsive, and histrionic personality disorders, pathological gambling, family history of antisocial behavior, and Cruelty to Animals. Conclusions: Cruelty to Animals is associated with elevated rates observed in young, poor, men with family histories of antisocial behavior and personal histories of conduct disorder in childhood, and antisocial, obsessive–compulsive and histrionic personality disorders, and pathological gambling in adulthood. Given these associations, and the widespread ownership of pets and Animals, effective screening of children, adolescents and adults for animal Cruelty and appropriate mental health interventions should be deployed.
Ronald Baenninger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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child abuse domestic violence and animal abuse Cruelty to Animals and interpersonal violence
Aggressive Behavior, 2000Co-Authors: Ronald BaenningerAbstract:Edited by Frank R. Ascione and Phil Arkow. West Lafayette, IN, Purdue University Press, 1998, 479 pp. Edited by Randall Lockwood and Frank R. Ascione. West Layfayette, IN, Purdue University Press, 1997, 464 pp.
Ihor Karikh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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criminal liability for Cruelty to Animals under the legislation of ukraine features of theory and practice
Artificial Intelligence, 2021Co-Authors: Oksana Hrytenko, Vitaliy Prymachenko, Volodymyr Shablystyi, Ihor KarikhAbstract:The study aimed to determine the characteristics of criminal liability for Cruelty to Animals. The object of the study is social relations arising in the field of morality protection. We used the following general scientific methods: dialectical, historical, descriptive, methods of scientific analysis and generalization. In addition to general scientific methods, we also used special methods: comparative legal and statistical. Having performed a retrospective analysis of criminal liability for Cruelty to Animals, we identified four historical stages in the formation and development of criminal legal standards for Cruelty to Animals. Having investigated the reasons for the social conditioning of criminalization for Cruelty to Animals, the authors identified a range of problems in the field of humane treatment of Animals that require immediate solutions: the use of Animals in scientific experiments, the manufacture of clothing from leather and animal fur, the activities of dog hunters and the use of Animals in circuses. Factors affecting the Cruelty of a person have been also identified. The delimitation of corpus delicti from an administrative offense is carried out according to several main criteria: the degree of public danger and consequences. International experience in the context of criminal liability for Cruelty to Animals is diverse.