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Niels E Skakkebaek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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association between levels of persistent organic pollutants in adipose tissue and Cryptorchidism in early childhood a case control study
Environmental Health, 2015Co-Authors: Jaakko J Koskenniemi, Helena E. Virtanen, Niels E Skakkebaek, Katharina M Main, Hannu Kiviranta, Ida N Damgaard, Jaakko Matomaki, Jorgen Thorup, Timo Hurme, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Congenital Cryptorchidism, i.e. failure of the testicular descent to the bottom of the scrotum, is a common birth defect. The evidence from epidemiological, wildlife, and animal studies suggests that exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals during fetal development may play a role in its pathogenesis. We aimed to assess the association between Cryptorchidism and prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). We conducted a case–control study consisting of 44 cryptorchid cases, and 38 controls operated for inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, or hydrocele at the Turku University Hospital or Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen in 2002–2006. During the operation a subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy was taken. Samples were analysed for 37 PCBs, 17 PCDD/Fs and 14 PBDEs by gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Chemical concentrations were adjusted for postnatal variation introduced by differences in duration of breastfeeding, age at the operation, and country of origin with a multiple linear regression. Association between adjusted and unadjusted chemical concentrations and the risk of Cryptorchidism were analysed with logistic regression to get an estimate for odds ratio (OR) of Cryptorchidism per multiplication of chemical concentrations with ca. 2.71 (Napier’s constant). Total-TEq i.e. the WHO-recommended 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent quantity of 17 dioxins and 12 dioxin-like PCBs and sum of PCDD/Fs were positively associated with Cryptorchidism [OR 3.21 (95 % CI 1.29–9.09), OR 3.69 (95 % CI 1.45–10.9), respectively], when adjusting for country of origin, the duration the child was breastfed, and age at operation. The association between the sum of PCBs and Cryptorchidism was close to significant [OR 1.92 (95 % CI 0.98–4.01)], whereas the association between the sum of PBDEs and Cryptorchidism was not [OR 0.86 (95 % CI 0.47–1.54)]. There were no associations between unadjusted chemical concentrations and the risk of Cryptorchidism. Prenatal exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCDD/F-like PCBs may be associated with increased risk for Cryptorchidism. Our finding does not exclude the possibility of an association between the exposure to PBDEs and Cryptorchidism.
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Cryptorchidism and hypospadias as a sign of testicular dysgenesis syndrome tds environmental connection
Birth Defects Research Part A-clinical and Molecular Teratology, 2010Co-Authors: Jorma Toppari, Helena E. Virtanen, Katharina M Main, Niels E SkakkebaekAbstract:Cryptorchidism and hypospadias are common genital birth defects that affect 2–9% and 0.2–1% of male newborns, respectively. The incidence of both defects shows large geographic variation, and in several countries increasing trends have been reported. The conditions share many risk factors, and they are also interlinked to the risk of testis cancer and poor semen quality. Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome (TDS) may underlie many cases of all these male reproductive health problems. Genetic defects in androgen production or action can cause both Cryptorchidism and hypospadias, but these are not common. A monogenic reason for Cryptorchidism or hypospadias has been identified only in a small proportion of all cases. Environmental effects appear to play a major role in TDS. Exposure to several persistent chemicals has been found to be associated with the risk of Cryptorchidism, and exposure to anti-androgenic phthalates has been shown to be associated with hormonal changes predisposing to male reproductive problems. Despite progress in identification of endocrine-disrupting substances, we are still far from knowing all the risk factors for these birth defects, and advice for prevention must be based on precautionary principles. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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acquired Cryptorchidism is frequent in infancy and childhood
International Journal of Andrology, 2009Co-Authors: Christine Wohlfahrtveje, Jorma Toppari, Ida N Damgaard, Kirsten A Boisen, Malene Boas, Claudia Mau Kai, Ida Maria Schmidt, Marla Chellakooty, Annemaarit Suomi, Niels E SkakkebaekAbstract:Accurate prevalence data for acquired Cryptorchidism are currently sparse and systematic prospective studies have not yet been reported. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of testicular ascent in childhood. In a prospective longitudinal population-based child cohort from Copenhagen, Denmark (1997-2007), testicular position was examined according to a standardised protocol in a total of 1072 boys, at birth (n = 1051), at 3 months (n = 983), 18 months (n = 888), 36 months (n = 790) and again once between 4 1/2 and 10 years of age (n = 509). Ascensus testis was defined as ascent of the testis into a cryptorchid position after normal scrotal position at birth. A congenital cryptorchid testis with spontaneous postnatal descent followed by recurrence of Cryptorchidism was named recurrent Cryptorchidism. Ascensus testis occurred in 0.2%, 0.6% and 0.6% of boys at 3, 18 and 36 months of age respectively. When including recurrent Cryptorchidism the prevalence was 0.2%, 1.2% and 0.8% respectively. Ascensus testis accounts for 58% of all cases of Cryptorchidism (congenital and acquired) at 18 months, 71% at 36 months and thereafter 69%. Ascensus testis accounts for more than half of cryptorchid testes seen in childhood and occurs in both previously scrotal and cryptorchid testes. We therefore recommend that all boys should have testis position checked regularly during childhood, at least up to 3 years of age.
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risk factors for congenital Cryptorchidism in a prospective birth cohort study
PLOS ONE, 2008Co-Authors: Ida N Damgaard, Niels E Skakkebaek, Jorma Toppari, Tina Kold Jensen, Jorgen Holm Petersen, Katharina M MainAbstract:Background Risk factors for congenital Cryptorchidism were investigated in a prospective birth cohort study in Denmark and Finland from 1997 to 2001. Methodology and Principal Findings In total, 2,496 boys were examined for Cryptorchidism at birth (cryptorchid/healthy: 128/2,368) and three months old (33/2,215). Information on risk factors was obtained antenatally (questionnaire/interview) or at birth from birth records. Use of nicotine substitutes during pregnancy (n = 40) and infertility treatment by intrauterine insemination (n = 49) were associated with an increased risk for Cryptorchidism, adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) (OR (95%CI)) 3.04 (95%CI 1.00–9.27) and 3.01 (95%CI 1.27–7.15), respectively. No association was seen for mothers (n = 79) who had infertility treatment in form of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment (OR 0.71 95%CI 0.21–2.38). In total, 728 (29%) reported to have smoked during pregnancy, however, no increased risk among maternal smokers was found. Furthermore, we found statistically significant associations between Cryptorchidism and low birth weight, prematurity, being small for gestational age, substantial vaginal bleeding, and breech presentation, which are in accordance with other studies. Conclusions and Significance Our study revealed two novel risk factors for Cryptorchidism: intrauterine insemination and the use of nicotine substitutes in pregnancy. This suggests that Cryptorchidism may not only be associated to genetic factors, but also to maternal lifestyle and exposure.
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development and descent of the testis in relation to Cryptorchidism
Acta Paediatrica, 2007Co-Authors: Helena E. Virtanen, Niels E Skakkebaek, Agneta Nordenskjold, Martin E Ritzen, Dina Cortes, Ewa Rajpertde Meyts, Jorma ToppariAbstract:The testis descends in two phases. Animal studies suggest, that the transabdominal descent of the testis depends on the insulin-like hormone 3 (INSL3). Androgens are important in the inguinoscrotal testicular descent in animals and humans. In general, the cause of Cryptorchidism is unknown and the aetiology is possibly multifactorial. Histological changes in cryptorchid testes demonstrate disturbed development. Conclusion: Since testicular descent is regulated by testis-derived hormones, Cryptorchidism may reflect a functional defect of the testis.
Jorma Toppari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hypogonadism and Cryptorchidism
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2020Co-Authors: Wiwat Rodprasert, Helena E. Virtanen, Jorma Toppari, Juhoantti MakelaAbstract:Congenital Cryptorchidism (undescended testis) is one of the most common congenital urogenital malformations in boys. Prevalence of Cryptorchidism at birth among boys born with normal birth weight ranges from 1.8 to 8.4%. Cryptorchidism is associated with a risk of low semen quality and an increased risk of testicular germ cell tumors. Testicular hormones, androgens and insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), have an essential role in the process of testicular descent from intra-abdominal position into the scrotum in fetal life. This explains the increased prevalence of Cryptorchidism among boys with diseases or syndromes associated with congenitally decreased secretion or action of androgens, such as patients with congenital hypogonadism and partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. There is evidence to support that Cryptorchidism is associated with decreased testicular hormone production later in life. It has been shown that Cryptorchidism impairs long-term Sertoli cell function, but may also affect Leydig cells. Germ cell loss taking place in the cryptorchid testis is proportional to the duration of the condition, and therefore early orchiopexy to bring the testis into the scrotum is the standard treatment. However, the evidence for benefits of early orchiopexy for testicular endocrine function is controversial. The hormonal treatments using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to induce testicular descent have low success rates, and therefore they are not recommended by the current guidelines for management of Cryptorchidism. However, more research is needed to assess the effects of hormonal treatments during infancy on future male reproductive health.
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association between levels of persistent organic pollutants in adipose tissue and Cryptorchidism in early childhood a case control study
Environmental Health, 2015Co-Authors: Jaakko J Koskenniemi, Helena E. Virtanen, Niels E Skakkebaek, Katharina M Main, Hannu Kiviranta, Ida N Damgaard, Jaakko Matomaki, Jorgen Thorup, Timo Hurme, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Congenital Cryptorchidism, i.e. failure of the testicular descent to the bottom of the scrotum, is a common birth defect. The evidence from epidemiological, wildlife, and animal studies suggests that exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals during fetal development may play a role in its pathogenesis. We aimed to assess the association between Cryptorchidism and prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). We conducted a case–control study consisting of 44 cryptorchid cases, and 38 controls operated for inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, or hydrocele at the Turku University Hospital or Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen in 2002–2006. During the operation a subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy was taken. Samples were analysed for 37 PCBs, 17 PCDD/Fs and 14 PBDEs by gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Chemical concentrations were adjusted for postnatal variation introduced by differences in duration of breastfeeding, age at the operation, and country of origin with a multiple linear regression. Association between adjusted and unadjusted chemical concentrations and the risk of Cryptorchidism were analysed with logistic regression to get an estimate for odds ratio (OR) of Cryptorchidism per multiplication of chemical concentrations with ca. 2.71 (Napier’s constant). Total-TEq i.e. the WHO-recommended 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent quantity of 17 dioxins and 12 dioxin-like PCBs and sum of PCDD/Fs were positively associated with Cryptorchidism [OR 3.21 (95 % CI 1.29–9.09), OR 3.69 (95 % CI 1.45–10.9), respectively], when adjusting for country of origin, the duration the child was breastfed, and age at operation. The association between the sum of PCBs and Cryptorchidism was close to significant [OR 1.92 (95 % CI 0.98–4.01)], whereas the association between the sum of PBDEs and Cryptorchidism was not [OR 0.86 (95 % CI 0.47–1.54)]. There were no associations between unadjusted chemical concentrations and the risk of Cryptorchidism. Prenatal exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCDD/F-like PCBs may be associated with increased risk for Cryptorchidism. Our finding does not exclude the possibility of an association between the exposure to PBDEs and Cryptorchidism.
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Cryptorchidism and hypospadias as a sign of testicular dysgenesis syndrome tds environmental connection
Birth Defects Research Part A-clinical and Molecular Teratology, 2010Co-Authors: Jorma Toppari, Helena E. Virtanen, Katharina M Main, Niels E SkakkebaekAbstract:Cryptorchidism and hypospadias are common genital birth defects that affect 2–9% and 0.2–1% of male newborns, respectively. The incidence of both defects shows large geographic variation, and in several countries increasing trends have been reported. The conditions share many risk factors, and they are also interlinked to the risk of testis cancer and poor semen quality. Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome (TDS) may underlie many cases of all these male reproductive health problems. Genetic defects in androgen production or action can cause both Cryptorchidism and hypospadias, but these are not common. A monogenic reason for Cryptorchidism or hypospadias has been identified only in a small proportion of all cases. Environmental effects appear to play a major role in TDS. Exposure to several persistent chemicals has been found to be associated with the risk of Cryptorchidism, and exposure to anti-androgenic phthalates has been shown to be associated with hormonal changes predisposing to male reproductive problems. Despite progress in identification of endocrine-disrupting substances, we are still far from knowing all the risk factors for these birth defects, and advice for prevention must be based on precautionary principles. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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acquired Cryptorchidism is frequent in infancy and childhood
International Journal of Andrology, 2009Co-Authors: Christine Wohlfahrtveje, Jorma Toppari, Ida N Damgaard, Kirsten A Boisen, Malene Boas, Claudia Mau Kai, Ida Maria Schmidt, Marla Chellakooty, Annemaarit Suomi, Niels E SkakkebaekAbstract:Accurate prevalence data for acquired Cryptorchidism are currently sparse and systematic prospective studies have not yet been reported. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of testicular ascent in childhood. In a prospective longitudinal population-based child cohort from Copenhagen, Denmark (1997-2007), testicular position was examined according to a standardised protocol in a total of 1072 boys, at birth (n = 1051), at 3 months (n = 983), 18 months (n = 888), 36 months (n = 790) and again once between 4 1/2 and 10 years of age (n = 509). Ascensus testis was defined as ascent of the testis into a cryptorchid position after normal scrotal position at birth. A congenital cryptorchid testis with spontaneous postnatal descent followed by recurrence of Cryptorchidism was named recurrent Cryptorchidism. Ascensus testis occurred in 0.2%, 0.6% and 0.6% of boys at 3, 18 and 36 months of age respectively. When including recurrent Cryptorchidism the prevalence was 0.2%, 1.2% and 0.8% respectively. Ascensus testis accounts for 58% of all cases of Cryptorchidism (congenital and acquired) at 18 months, 71% at 36 months and thereafter 69%. Ascensus testis accounts for more than half of cryptorchid testes seen in childhood and occurs in both previously scrotal and cryptorchid testes. We therefore recommend that all boys should have testis position checked regularly during childhood, at least up to 3 years of age.
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risk factors for congenital Cryptorchidism in a prospective birth cohort study
PLOS ONE, 2008Co-Authors: Ida N Damgaard, Niels E Skakkebaek, Jorma Toppari, Tina Kold Jensen, Jorgen Holm Petersen, Katharina M MainAbstract:Background Risk factors for congenital Cryptorchidism were investigated in a prospective birth cohort study in Denmark and Finland from 1997 to 2001. Methodology and Principal Findings In total, 2,496 boys were examined for Cryptorchidism at birth (cryptorchid/healthy: 128/2,368) and three months old (33/2,215). Information on risk factors was obtained antenatally (questionnaire/interview) or at birth from birth records. Use of nicotine substitutes during pregnancy (n = 40) and infertility treatment by intrauterine insemination (n = 49) were associated with an increased risk for Cryptorchidism, adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) (OR (95%CI)) 3.04 (95%CI 1.00–9.27) and 3.01 (95%CI 1.27–7.15), respectively. No association was seen for mothers (n = 79) who had infertility treatment in form of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment (OR 0.71 95%CI 0.21–2.38). In total, 728 (29%) reported to have smoked during pregnancy, however, no increased risk among maternal smokers was found. Furthermore, we found statistically significant associations between Cryptorchidism and low birth weight, prematurity, being small for gestational age, substantial vaginal bleeding, and breech presentation, which are in accordance with other studies. Conclusions and Significance Our study revealed two novel risk factors for Cryptorchidism: intrauterine insemination and the use of nicotine substitutes in pregnancy. This suggests that Cryptorchidism may not only be associated to genetic factors, but also to maternal lifestyle and exposure.
Helena E. Virtanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hypogonadism and Cryptorchidism
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2020Co-Authors: Wiwat Rodprasert, Helena E. Virtanen, Jorma Toppari, Juhoantti MakelaAbstract:Congenital Cryptorchidism (undescended testis) is one of the most common congenital urogenital malformations in boys. Prevalence of Cryptorchidism at birth among boys born with normal birth weight ranges from 1.8 to 8.4%. Cryptorchidism is associated with a risk of low semen quality and an increased risk of testicular germ cell tumors. Testicular hormones, androgens and insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), have an essential role in the process of testicular descent from intra-abdominal position into the scrotum in fetal life. This explains the increased prevalence of Cryptorchidism among boys with diseases or syndromes associated with congenitally decreased secretion or action of androgens, such as patients with congenital hypogonadism and partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. There is evidence to support that Cryptorchidism is associated with decreased testicular hormone production later in life. It has been shown that Cryptorchidism impairs long-term Sertoli cell function, but may also affect Leydig cells. Germ cell loss taking place in the cryptorchid testis is proportional to the duration of the condition, and therefore early orchiopexy to bring the testis into the scrotum is the standard treatment. However, the evidence for benefits of early orchiopexy for testicular endocrine function is controversial. The hormonal treatments using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to induce testicular descent have low success rates, and therefore they are not recommended by the current guidelines for management of Cryptorchidism. However, more research is needed to assess the effects of hormonal treatments during infancy on future male reproductive health.
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association between levels of persistent organic pollutants in adipose tissue and Cryptorchidism in early childhood a case control study
Environmental Health, 2015Co-Authors: Jaakko J Koskenniemi, Helena E. Virtanen, Niels E Skakkebaek, Katharina M Main, Hannu Kiviranta, Ida N Damgaard, Jaakko Matomaki, Jorgen Thorup, Timo Hurme, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Congenital Cryptorchidism, i.e. failure of the testicular descent to the bottom of the scrotum, is a common birth defect. The evidence from epidemiological, wildlife, and animal studies suggests that exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals during fetal development may play a role in its pathogenesis. We aimed to assess the association between Cryptorchidism and prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). We conducted a case–control study consisting of 44 cryptorchid cases, and 38 controls operated for inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, or hydrocele at the Turku University Hospital or Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen in 2002–2006. During the operation a subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy was taken. Samples were analysed for 37 PCBs, 17 PCDD/Fs and 14 PBDEs by gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Chemical concentrations were adjusted for postnatal variation introduced by differences in duration of breastfeeding, age at the operation, and country of origin with a multiple linear regression. Association between adjusted and unadjusted chemical concentrations and the risk of Cryptorchidism were analysed with logistic regression to get an estimate for odds ratio (OR) of Cryptorchidism per multiplication of chemical concentrations with ca. 2.71 (Napier’s constant). Total-TEq i.e. the WHO-recommended 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent quantity of 17 dioxins and 12 dioxin-like PCBs and sum of PCDD/Fs were positively associated with Cryptorchidism [OR 3.21 (95 % CI 1.29–9.09), OR 3.69 (95 % CI 1.45–10.9), respectively], when adjusting for country of origin, the duration the child was breastfed, and age at operation. The association between the sum of PCBs and Cryptorchidism was close to significant [OR 1.92 (95 % CI 0.98–4.01)], whereas the association between the sum of PBDEs and Cryptorchidism was not [OR 0.86 (95 % CI 0.47–1.54)]. There were no associations between unadjusted chemical concentrations and the risk of Cryptorchidism. Prenatal exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCDD/F-like PCBs may be associated with increased risk for Cryptorchidism. Our finding does not exclude the possibility of an association between the exposure to PBDEs and Cryptorchidism.
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Cryptorchidism and endocrine disrupting chemicals
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2012Co-Authors: Helena E. Virtanen, Annika AdamssonAbstract:Prospective clinical studies have suggested that the rate of congenital Cryptorchidism has increased since the 1950s. It has been hypothesized that this may be related to environmental factors. Testicular descent occurs in two phases controlled by Leydig cell-derived hormones insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) and testosterone. Disorders in fetal androgen production/action or suppression of Insl3 are mechanisms causing Cryptorchidism in rodents. In humans, prenatal exposure to potent estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been associated with increased risk of Cryptorchidism. In addition, epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to pesticides may also be associated with Cryptorchidism. Some case–control studies analyzing environmental chemical levels in maternal breast milk samples have reported associations between Cryptorchidism and chemical levels. Furthermore, it has been suggested that exposure levels of some chemicals may be associated with infant reproductive hormone levels.
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Cryptorchidism and hypospadias as a sign of testicular dysgenesis syndrome tds environmental connection
Birth Defects Research Part A-clinical and Molecular Teratology, 2010Co-Authors: Jorma Toppari, Helena E. Virtanen, Katharina M Main, Niels E SkakkebaekAbstract:Cryptorchidism and hypospadias are common genital birth defects that affect 2–9% and 0.2–1% of male newborns, respectively. The incidence of both defects shows large geographic variation, and in several countries increasing trends have been reported. The conditions share many risk factors, and they are also interlinked to the risk of testis cancer and poor semen quality. Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome (TDS) may underlie many cases of all these male reproductive health problems. Genetic defects in androgen production or action can cause both Cryptorchidism and hypospadias, but these are not common. A monogenic reason for Cryptorchidism or hypospadias has been identified only in a small proportion of all cases. Environmental effects appear to play a major role in TDS. Exposure to several persistent chemicals has been found to be associated with the risk of Cryptorchidism, and exposure to anti-androgenic phthalates has been shown to be associated with hormonal changes predisposing to male reproductive problems. Despite progress in identification of endocrine-disrupting substances, we are still far from knowing all the risk factors for these birth defects, and advice for prevention must be based on precautionary principles. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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epidemiology and pathogenesis of Cryptorchidism
Human Reproduction Update, 2008Co-Authors: Helena E. Virtanen, Jorma ToppariAbstract:Prospective clinical studies have shown that the prevalence of Cryptorchidism among boys with birth weight > or =2500 g has increased in UK from 2.7 to 4.1% between the 1950s and the 1980s and in Denmark from 1.8 to 8.4% between the 1950s and the 1990s. In similar studies performed in different countries during the last two decades the figures have varied from 2.1 to 8.4%. Due to spontaneous descent of the testes lower figures, i.e. between 0.9 and 1.8% have been described at 3 months. Acquired Cryptorchidism contributes to the increase in the rate of Cryptorchidism in school-aged children. Testicular descent occurs in two phases. During the first phase, before midgestation, testis remains anchored to the inguinal area by insulin like hormone 3 (INSL3)-driven development of the gubernaculum. The second inguinoscrotal phase is dependent on testicular androgens and it is usually completed by the time of birth. Mutations of specific genes have rarely been reported in Cryptorchidism. However, several risk factors for Cryptorchidism, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, have been described. Environmental factors may also have a role in the etiology of Cryptorchidism. Future studies on the gene-environment interaction will give new insights to the pathogenesis of Cryptorchidism.
Kaifee Arman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of moringa oleifera lam extract mole in the heat shock protein 70 expression and germ cell apoptosis on experimentally induced cryptorchid testes of rats
Gene, 2019Co-Authors: Muhammetnur Tekayev, Nuray Bostancieri, Khandakar A S M Saadat, Mehmet Turker, Mehmet Yuncu, Hasan Ulusal, Hulya Cicek, Kaifee ArmanAbstract:Abstract Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) is a plant known for having high antioxidant potency, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective etc. and many more activities. Besides these, Moringaceae has the potential for attenuating the male sexual dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species/ROS were increased in Cryptorchidism and therefore cause infertility by damaging sperm DNA and germ cell apoptosis. There was an increase in heat shock proteins (HSP) in cells, which is affected by heat shock. In the present study, the antioxidant effects of two different doses of M. oleifera Lam Extract (MOLE) on experimentally induced cryptorchid testes of rats was investigated. Forty two male rats (16 days old) were divided into four groups: a normal control group, a Cryptorchidism-induced control group and two Cryptorchidism-induced groups treated orally with either 400 or 800 mg/kg MOLE for 2 weeks. Our study showed that there were ruptures from interstitial spaces, separation of the germ cells from basal membrane, falling of the germ cells into the lumen, perivascular fibrosis, oedema, increased level of HSP70, apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) after the Cryptorchidism. We found that pathological damages, oxidative stress, expression of the HSP70 and germ cell apoptosis were decreased in treated groups with MOLE. In brief, we can say that aqueous extract of M. oleifera reduces the oxidative stress in a unilateral Cryptorchidism induced rats, and it might attenuate histopathological damages, HSP expression and germ cell apoptosis.
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effects of moringa oleifera lam extract mole in the heat shock protein 70 expression and germ cell apoptosis on experimentally induced cryptorchid testes of rats
Gene, 2019Co-Authors: Muhammetnur Tekayev, Nuray Bostancieri, Khandakar A S M Saadat, Mehmet Turker, Mehmet Yuncu, Hasan Ulusal, Hulya Cicek, Kaifee ArmanAbstract:Abstract Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) is a plant known for having high antioxidant potency, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective etc. and many more activities. Besides these, Moringaceae has the potential for attenuating the male sexual dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species/ROS were increased in Cryptorchidism and therefore cause infertility by damaging sperm DNA and germ cell apoptosis. There was an increase in heat shock proteins (HSP) in cells, which is affected by heat shock. In the present study, the antioxidant effects of two different doses of M. oleifera Lam Extract (MOLE) on experimentally induced cryptorchid testes of rats was investigated. Forty two male rats (16 days old) were divided into four groups: a normal control group, a Cryptorchidism-induced control group and two Cryptorchidism-induced groups treated orally with either 400 or 800 mg/kg MOLE for 2 weeks. Our study showed that there were ruptures from interstitial spaces, separation of the germ cells from basal membrane, falling of the germ cells into the lumen, perivascular fibrosis, oedema, increased level of HSP70, apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) after the Cryptorchidism. We found that pathological damages, oxidative stress, expression of the HSP70 and germ cell apoptosis were decreased in treated groups with MOLE. In brief, we can say that aqueous extract of M. oleifera reduces the oxidative stress in a unilateral Cryptorchidism induced rats, and it might attenuate histopathological damages, HSP expression and germ cell apoptosis.
H Moller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk factors for Cryptorchidism and hypospadias
The Journal of Urology, 1999Co-Authors: Ida Sloth Weidner, H Moller, Tina Kold Jensen, Niels E SkakkebaekAbstract:AbstractPurpose: We studied risk factors for Cryptorchidism and hypospadias.Materials and Methods: We performed a register based, case control study of 6,177 boys with Cryptorchidism, 1,345 with hypospadias and 23,273 male controls born live in Denmark from 1983 to 1992 to determine the effects of Cryptorchidism and hypospadias on the presence of the other abnormality in an individual, the presence of the abnormalities in an older brother, birth weight, weeks of gestation, maternal history of stillbirth, parity, twin birth, parental age, nationality and professional status. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios.Results: In an individual simultaneous Cryptorchidism and hypospadias were more common than expected. There was an increased risk of both entities when the same abnormality was present in an older brother. The risk of Cryptorchidism and hypospadias increased with decreasing birth weight independent of weeks of gestation. Twins were at lower risk than singletons...
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testicular cancer and Cryptorchidism in relation to prenatal factors case control studies in denmark
Cancer Causes & Control, 1997Co-Authors: H Moller, N E SkakkebaekAbstract:To explore prenatal risk factors that are common to testicular cancer and Cryptorchidism, two parallel case-control studies were conducted in Denmark. Information about characteristics of the mother, the pregnancy, and the birth were obtained from the mothers of cases and controls, using a mailed self-administered questionnaire. A maternal age above 30 years was associated with odds ratios (OR) of 1.9 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]= 1.2-3.0) for Cryptorchidism and 2.0 (CI = 1.2-3.6) for testicular seminoma; the latter effect was particularly high when the boy was the first child of the mother (OR = 4.1, CI = 1.1-14.6). Birth weights below 3,000 g or above4,000 g were associated with increased risks of testicular cancer, with OR sup to 2.6 (CI = 1.1-5.9) for birth weight below 2,500 g. For Cryptorchidism, there was a monotonous trend in the OR from 0.4 in birth weights above 4,500 g to 2.3 in birth weights below 2,500 g. The association between Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer was not attenuated by adjustment for maternal age and birthweight, indicating that all three variables are independent risk factors for testicular cancer. With the exception of high maternal age, which consistently is associated more strongly with seminoma than withnon-seminoma, it remains most likely that seminoma and non-seminoma have similar causes.
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risks of testicular cancer and Cryptorchidism in relation to socio economic status and related factors case control studies in denmark
International Journal of Cancer, 1996Co-Authors: H Moller, Niels E SkakkebaekAbstract:To explore risk factors for testicular cancer and Cryptorchidism, 2 parallel case-control studies were conducted in Denmark. The testicular-cancer study was population-based and included 514 cases and 720 controls. The Cryptorchidism study included 387 cases and 416 controls and was based on 2 hospital series of men treated for Cryptorchidism and a control group sampled among residents in the Copenhagen area. The 2037 men were interviewed by telephone, and self-administered questionnaires were sent to their mothers. A strong association was seen between low social class and Cryptorchidism, with sons of unskilled workers having a 3-fold higher risk of Cryptorchidism than sons of self-employed men. Testicular cancer was only moderately associated with high-social-class indicators, and only with such indicators pertaining to the mother. Both testicular cancer and Cryptorchidism tended to occur more frequently in first-born men and in sons of older women, but these associations were not statistically significant. Late puberty was associated with reduced risk of testicular cancer. The effect of age at puberty may be due both to advanced age at diagnosis and to the existence of common determinants of age at puberty and testicular cancer. Men who had been treated for Cryptorchidism entered puberty later than other men, possibly because of impaired hormonal function of the testes. There was no indication of increased risk of testicular cancer or Cryptorchidism in sons of mothers who smoked around the time of conception or during the pregnancy. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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testicular cancer Cryptorchidism inguinal hernia testicular atrophy and genital malformations case control studies in denmark
Cancer Causes & Control, 1996Co-Authors: H Moller, A Prener, N E SkakkebaekAbstract:To explore risk factors for testicular cancer and Cryptorchidism, two parallel case-control studies were conducted in Denmark. The testicular cancer study was population-based and included 514 cases and 720 controls. The Cryptorchidism study included 387 cases and 416 controls and was based on two hospital series of men treated for Cryptorchidism and a control group sampled among residents in the Copenhagen area. The 2,037 men were interviewed by telephone. The relative risk (RR) of testicular cancer in men with treated or persisting Cryptorchidism was 3.6 (95 percent confidence interval = 1.8-6.9), but no increase in risk was seen in the six to seven percent of the men who reported a history of undescended testes that descended spontaneously. The RR in men who were treated for Cryptorchidism increased with age at treatment. This effect may be due wholly or in part to increased treatment of boys with testes that would have descended spontaneously if they had not been treated. Cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia may be confused and reported interchangeably. In the absence of Cryptorchidism or testicular atrophy, clinical inguinal hernia was not associated with testicular cancer. Testicular atrophy was associated with both testicular cancer and Cryptorchidism. Associations with other congenital malformations were few and based on small numbers.