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Susanne S Renner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cucumber cucumis sativus and melon c melo have numerous wild relatives in asia and australia and the sister species of melon is from australia
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Patrizia Sebastian, Hanno Schaefer, Ian R H Telford, Susanne S RennerAbstract:Among the fundamental questions regarding cultivated plants is their geographic origin and region of domestication. The genus Cucumis, which includes Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (Cucumis melo), has numerous wild African species, and it has therefore been assumed that melon originated in Africa. For Cucumber, this seemed less likely because wild Cucumbers exist in India and a closely related species lives in the Eastern Himalayas. Using DNA sequences from plastid and nuclear markers for some 100 Cucumis accessions from Africa, Australia, and Asia, we show here that melon and Cucumber are of Asian origin and have numerous previously overlooked species-level relatives in Australia and around the Indian Ocean. The wild progenitor of C. melo occurs in India, and our data confirm that the Southeast Asian Cucumis hystrix is the closest relative of Cucumber. Most surprisingly, the closest relative of melon is Cucumis picrocarpus from Australia. C. melo diverged from this Australian sister species approximately 3 Ma, and both diverged from the remaining Asian/Australian species approximately 10 Ma. The Asian/Australian Cucumis clade comprises at least 25 species, nine of them new to science, and diverged from its African relatives in the Miocene, approximately 12 Ma. Range reconstruction under maximum likelihood suggests Asia as the ancestral area for the most recent common ancestor of melon and Cucumber, fitting with both having progenitor populations in the Himalayan region and high genetic diversity of C. melo landraces in India and China. Future investigations of wild species related to melon and Cucumber should concentrate on Asia and Australia.
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Cucumber cucumis sativus and melon c melo have numerous wild relatives in asia and australia and the sister species of melon is from australia
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Patrizia Sebastian, Hanno Schaefer, Ian R H Telford, Susanne S RennerAbstract:Among the fundamental questions regarding cultivated plants is their geographic origin and region of domestication. The genus Cucumis, which includes Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (Cucumis melo), has numerous wild African species, and it has therefore been assumed that melon originated in Africa. For Cucumber, this seemed less likely because wild Cucumbers exist in India and a closely related species lives in the Eastern Himalayas. Using DNA sequences from plastid and nuclear markers for some 100 Cucumis accessions from Africa, Australia, and Asia, we show here that melon and Cucumber are of Asian origin and have numerous previously overlooked species-level relatives in Australia and around the Indian Ocean. The wild progenitor of C. melo occurs in India, and our data confirm that the Southeast Asian Cucumis hystrix is the closest relative of Cucumber. Most surprisingly, the closest relative of melon is Cucumis picrocarpus from Australia. C. melo diverged from this Australian sister species approximately 3 Ma, and both diverged from the remaining Asian/Australian species approximately 10 Ma. The Asian/Australian Cucumis clade comprises at least 25 species, nine of them new to science, and diverged from its African relatives in the Miocene, approximately 12 Ma. Range reconstruction under maximum likelihood suggests Asia as the ancestral area for the most recent common ancestor of melon and Cucumber, fitting with both having progenitor populations in the Himalayan region and high genetic diversity of C. melo landraces in India and China. Future investigations of wild species related to melon and Cucumber should concentrate on Asia and Australia.
Hongsheng Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microplastic ingestion by the farmed sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in China
Environmental Pollution, 2018Co-Authors: Mohamed Mohsen, Libin Zhang, Qing Wang, Hongsheng YangAbstract:Microplastic ingestion by the farmed sea Cucumber is undocumented. Microplastics were isolated from the sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus that was collected from eight farms along the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China. To examine microplastic ingestion, the intestines were isolated, digested and then subjected to the floatation test. The microplastic abundance in the sediment ranged from 20 to 1040 particles kg(-1) of dry sediment, while the ingested microplastics ranged from 0 to 30 particles intestine(-1). After filtering the coelomic fluid, the extracted microplastics from the coelomic fluid ranged from 0 to 19 particles animal(-1). Thus, we speculated that microplastics may transfer to the coelomic fluid of sea Cucumber. The ingested micropiastics did not correlate with the animal body weight but was site dependent, suggesting that sea Cucumber may serve as sentinel for microplastic pollution monitoring in the sediment. The microplastics were identified by Fourier transform infrared micro spectroscopy, and the polymer types were mainly cellophane, polyester, and polyethylene terephthalate. This study revealed that, microplastics widely existed in sea Cucumber farms, and that sea Cucumbers ingest microplastics as suitable with their mouth open. Moreover, the microptastics might transfer to the coelomic fluid of the sea Cucumber. Further investigations are needed to assess the chronic effect of the microplastics on the growth and physiological status of the sea Cucumber. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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comparison of pigment composition and melanin content among white light green dark green and purple morphs of sea Cucumber apostichopus japonicus
Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2017Co-Authors: Lili Xing, Libin Zhang, Xiaoni Li, Ting Miao, Hongsheng YangAbstract:Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka), is a commercially important marine species in China. Among the differently colored varieties sold in China, white and purple sea Cucumbers have the greatest appeal to consumers. Identification of the pigments that may contribute to the formation of different color morphs of sea Cucumbers will provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of desirable color morphs. In this study, sea Cucumbers were divided into four categories according to their body color: white, light green, dark green, and purple. The pigment composition and contents in the four groups were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that the pigment contents differed significantly among the white, lightgreen, dark-green, and purple sea Cucumbers, and there were fewer types of pigments in white sea Cucumber than in the other color morphs. The only pigments detected in white sea Cucumbers were guanine and pteroic acid. Guanine and pteroic acid are structural colors, and they were also detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea Cucumbers. Every pigment detected, except for pteroic acid, was present at a higher concentration in purple morphs than in the other color morphs. The biological color pigments melanin, astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein were detected in light-green, dark-green, and purple sea Cucumbers. While progesterone and lycopene, which are also biological color pigments, were not detected in any of the color morphs. Melanin was the major pigment contributing to body color, and its concentration increased with deepening color of the sea Cucumber body. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that white sea Cucumbers had the fewest epidermal melanocytes in the body wall, and their melanocytes contained fewer melanosomes as well as non-pigmented pre-melanosomes. Sea Cucumbers with deeper body colors contained more melanin granules. In the body wall of dark-green and purple sea Cucumbers, melanin granules were secreted out of the cell. The results of this study provide evidence for the main factors responsible for differences in coloration among white, light-green, darkgreen, and purple sea Cucumbers, and also provide the foundation for further research on the formation of body color in sea Cucumber, A. japonicus.
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feeding preferences of the sea Cucumber apostichopus japonicus selenka on various seaweed diets
Aquaculture, 2012Co-Authors: Peng Zhao, Libin Zhang, Kang Chen, Yong Li, Hongsheng YangAbstract:Food choice experiments were conducted to study the preferred seaweed diet of the sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Six diets containing Sargassum thunbergii, Sargassum polycystum, Zostera marina, Ulva lactuca, fresh Laminaria japonica and boiled L. japonica were offered separately in a mixture with sea mud and rare earth oxides (as inert markers). A feeding preference model was constructed to calculate the feeding preference index of sea Cucumbers on the seaweed diets above. Sea Cucumbers showed clear preferences for the L. japonica diets over the other diets. Fresh and boiled L. japonica diets made up about 54.73% of the entire intake. The sea Cucumber preference indices changed with time. The preference for S. thunbergii rose significantly, changing from being rejection to somewhat preferred over a 30 day period. Our study suggests that a diet containing about 50% L. japonica of the total algal is very suitable for sea Cucumber culture. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Patrizia Sebastian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cucumber cucumis sativus and melon c melo have numerous wild relatives in asia and australia and the sister species of melon is from australia
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Patrizia Sebastian, Hanno Schaefer, Ian R H Telford, Susanne S RennerAbstract:Among the fundamental questions regarding cultivated plants is their geographic origin and region of domestication. The genus Cucumis, which includes Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (Cucumis melo), has numerous wild African species, and it has therefore been assumed that melon originated in Africa. For Cucumber, this seemed less likely because wild Cucumbers exist in India and a closely related species lives in the Eastern Himalayas. Using DNA sequences from plastid and nuclear markers for some 100 Cucumis accessions from Africa, Australia, and Asia, we show here that melon and Cucumber are of Asian origin and have numerous previously overlooked species-level relatives in Australia and around the Indian Ocean. The wild progenitor of C. melo occurs in India, and our data confirm that the Southeast Asian Cucumis hystrix is the closest relative of Cucumber. Most surprisingly, the closest relative of melon is Cucumis picrocarpus from Australia. C. melo diverged from this Australian sister species approximately 3 Ma, and both diverged from the remaining Asian/Australian species approximately 10 Ma. The Asian/Australian Cucumis clade comprises at least 25 species, nine of them new to science, and diverged from its African relatives in the Miocene, approximately 12 Ma. Range reconstruction under maximum likelihood suggests Asia as the ancestral area for the most recent common ancestor of melon and Cucumber, fitting with both having progenitor populations in the Himalayan region and high genetic diversity of C. melo landraces in India and China. Future investigations of wild species related to melon and Cucumber should concentrate on Asia and Australia.
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Cucumber cucumis sativus and melon c melo have numerous wild relatives in asia and australia and the sister species of melon is from australia
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Patrizia Sebastian, Hanno Schaefer, Ian R H Telford, Susanne S RennerAbstract:Among the fundamental questions regarding cultivated plants is their geographic origin and region of domestication. The genus Cucumis, which includes Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (Cucumis melo), has numerous wild African species, and it has therefore been assumed that melon originated in Africa. For Cucumber, this seemed less likely because wild Cucumbers exist in India and a closely related species lives in the Eastern Himalayas. Using DNA sequences from plastid and nuclear markers for some 100 Cucumis accessions from Africa, Australia, and Asia, we show here that melon and Cucumber are of Asian origin and have numerous previously overlooked species-level relatives in Australia and around the Indian Ocean. The wild progenitor of C. melo occurs in India, and our data confirm that the Southeast Asian Cucumis hystrix is the closest relative of Cucumber. Most surprisingly, the closest relative of melon is Cucumis picrocarpus from Australia. C. melo diverged from this Australian sister species approximately 3 Ma, and both diverged from the remaining Asian/Australian species approximately 10 Ma. The Asian/Australian Cucumis clade comprises at least 25 species, nine of them new to science, and diverged from its African relatives in the Miocene, approximately 12 Ma. Range reconstruction under maximum likelihood suggests Asia as the ancestral area for the most recent common ancestor of melon and Cucumber, fitting with both having progenitor populations in the Himalayan region and high genetic diversity of C. melo landraces in India and China. Future investigations of wild species related to melon and Cucumber should concentrate on Asia and Australia.
Fang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of dietary sea mud and yellow soil on growth and energy budget of the sea Cucumber apostichopus japonicus selenka
Aquaculture, 2009Co-Authors: Shuanglin Dong, Xiangli Tian, Fang WangAbstract:Abstract The effects of dietary sea mud or yellow soil (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80%) on growth and energy budget of the sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference among growth of sea Cucumbers fed diets containing the same proportion of sea mud and yellow soil. Sea Cucumbers fed 20% sea mud or yellow soil obtained better growth than the other treatments (P
Alexander G Carton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the use of the waste from green lipped mussels as a food source for juvenile sea Cucumber australostichopus mollis
Aquaculture, 2009Co-Authors: Matthew J Slater, Andrew G Jeffs, Alexander G CartonAbstract:Abstract Improved knowledge of juvenile feeding behaviour in the sea Cucumber Australostichopus mollis is essential to assist in raising hatchery reared juveniles, however, the feeding, nutrition and early growth of juvenile A. mollis remains undocumented. The survival and growth of juvenile sea Cucumbers (22 ± 4 g SD, n = 90) on artificial feeds was assessed over three months. A natural sediment diet was provided at two separate feeding rates (1 kg base and 35 g d − 1 ), fresh mussel farm waste was fed at three incremented feeding rates (140 g d − 1 , 70 g d − 1 and 35 g d − 1 ), and dried Sargassum polycystum was fed at a single feeding rate (35 g d − 1 ). Juvenile sea Cucumbers fed the highest rate mussel waste diet exhibited the greatest ( P S. polycystum diet and lower feeding rates of mussel waste produced intermediate SGRs. The growth performance of the different diets was also reflected in morphometric parameters (mean gutted weight, body wall and muscle band thickness) in the experimentally raised juvenile sea Cucumbers. The results show that fresh mussel waste is a suitable artificial diet for juvenile sea Cucumbers if provided in sufficient quantities. The results also indicate that rapid growth can be expected among juvenile sea Cucumbers cultured beneath mussel farms provided sea Cucumber stocking rates are managed appropriately to ensure an adequate supply of mussel waste.