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Luca Fiorenza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the influence of mobility strategy on the modern human talus
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2020Co-Authors: Rita Sorrentino, Luca Fiorenza, Nicholas B Stephens, Kristian J Carlson, Carla Figus, Stephen R Frost, William E H Harcourtsmith, William C H ParrAbstract:OBJECTIVES The primate talus is known to have a shape that varies according to differences in locomotion and substrate use. While the modern human talus is morphologically specialized for bipedal walking, relatively little is known on how its morphology varies in relation to Cultural and environmental differences across time. Here we compare tali of modern human populations with different subsistence economies and lifestyles to explore how Cultural practices and environmental factors influence external talar shape. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consists of digital models of 142 tali from 11 archaeological and post-industrial modern human groups. Talar morphology was investigated through 3D (semi)landmark based geometric morphometric methods. RESULTS Our results show distinct differences between highly mobile hunter-gatherers and more sedentary groups belonging to a mixed post-agriCultural/industrial background. Hunter-gatherers exhibit a more "flexible" talar shape, everted posture, and a more robust and medially oriented talar neck/head, which we interpret as reflecting long-distance walking strictly performed barefoot, or wearing minimalistic footwear, along uneven ground. The talus of the post-industrial population exhibits a "stable" profile, neutral posture, and a less robust and orthogonally oriented talar neck/head, which we interpret as a consequence of sedentary lifestyle and use of stiff footwear. DISCUSSION We suggest that talar morphological variation is related to the adoption of constraining footwear in post-industrial society, which reduces ankle range of motion. This contrasts with hunter-gatherers, where talar shape shows a more flexible profile, likely resulting from a lack of footwear while traversing uneven terrain. We conclude that modern human tali vary with differences in locomotor and Cultural Behavior.
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dental macrowear and cortical bone distribution of the neanderthal mandible from regourdou dordogne southwestern france
Journal of Human Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Luca Fiorenza, Ottmar Kullmer, Stefano Benazzi, Giulia Zampirolo, Arnaud Mazurier, Clement Zanolli, Roberto MacchiarelliAbstract:Abstract Tooth wear is an important feature for reconstructing diet, food processing and Cultural habits of past human populations. In particular, occlusal wear facets can be extremely useful for detecting information about diet and non-masticatory Behaviors. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the diet and Cultural Behavior of the Neanderthal specimen Regourdou 1 (Dordogne, Southern France) from the analysis of the macrowear pattern, using the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. In addition, we have also examined whether there is any association between the observed dental macrowear and mandibular bone distribution and root dentine thickness. The posterior dentition of Regourdou 1 is characterized by an asymmetric wear pattern, with the right side significantly more worn than the left. In contrast, the left lower P3 shows a more advanced wear than the right premolar, with unusual semicircular enamel wear facets. The results from occlusal fingerprint analysis of this unique pattern suggest tooth-tool uses for daily task activities. Moreover, the left buccal aspect of the mandibular cortical bone is thicker than its right counterpart, and the left P3 has a thicker radicular dentine layer than its antimere. These results show a certain degree of asymmetry in cortical bone topography and dentine tissue that could be associated with the observed dental macrowear pattern. The molar macrowear pattern also suggests that Regourdou 1 had a mixed diet typical of those populations living in temperate deciduous woodlands and Mediterranean habitats, including animal and plant foods. Although this study is limited to one Neanderthal individual, future analyses based on a larger sample may further assist us to better understand the existing relationship between mandibular architecture, occlusal wear and the masticatory apparatus in humans.
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dental wear and Cultural Behavior in middle paleolithic humans from the near east
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2013Co-Authors: Luca Fiorenza, Ottmar KullmerAbstract:Department of Palaeoanthropology and Messel Research, Senckenberg Research Institute, D-60325 Frankfurt amMain, GermanyKEY WORDS Neanderthals; anatomically modern humans; occlusal compass; Levant;para-facetsABSTRACT Neanderthals and anatomically modernhumans (AMHs) may have lived in close proximity inthe Near East region during Middle Paleolithic times.Although functional morphological analyses suggest amarked Behavioral contrast between these two humangroups, new dental micro- and macro-wear studies,together with new archaeological data, have revealedsome similarities in ecology and dietary habits. In thisstudy, we analyze the tooth wear patterns of Neander-thals and AMH from Middle Paleolithic sites of Israeland Northern Iraq, using the Occlusal Fingerprint Anal-ysis (OFA) method to virtually reconstruct the jaw move-ments responsible for the creation of the occlusal wearareas. We particularly focus on para-facets, a distinctivetype of wear which has been previously described in thedentition of historic and modern hunter-gatherers. Theanalysis reveals a similarity in para-facet frequencybetween early Near Eastern Neanderthals and AMH,and a significant difference with other Pleistocenehuman groups. The absence of antagonist occlusal con-tacts in the lower teeth and the occlusal compass analy-sis suggest that para-facet formation is not related tonormal mastication but to nonmasticatory activities.Thus, the identification of these nonmasticatory wearareas on the molars of early Near Eastern Neanderthalsand AMH may indicate analogous tooth-tool uses fordaily task activities. These may have emerged independ-ently or could be interpreted as indirect evidence of cul-tural interactions between these two groups. Am J PhysAnthropol 152:107-117, 2013.
Ottmar Kullmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dental macrowear and cortical bone distribution of the neanderthal mandible from regourdou dordogne southwestern france
Journal of Human Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Luca Fiorenza, Ottmar Kullmer, Stefano Benazzi, Giulia Zampirolo, Arnaud Mazurier, Clement Zanolli, Roberto MacchiarelliAbstract:Abstract Tooth wear is an important feature for reconstructing diet, food processing and Cultural habits of past human populations. In particular, occlusal wear facets can be extremely useful for detecting information about diet and non-masticatory Behaviors. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the diet and Cultural Behavior of the Neanderthal specimen Regourdou 1 (Dordogne, Southern France) from the analysis of the macrowear pattern, using the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. In addition, we have also examined whether there is any association between the observed dental macrowear and mandibular bone distribution and root dentine thickness. The posterior dentition of Regourdou 1 is characterized by an asymmetric wear pattern, with the right side significantly more worn than the left. In contrast, the left lower P3 shows a more advanced wear than the right premolar, with unusual semicircular enamel wear facets. The results from occlusal fingerprint analysis of this unique pattern suggest tooth-tool uses for daily task activities. Moreover, the left buccal aspect of the mandibular cortical bone is thicker than its right counterpart, and the left P3 has a thicker radicular dentine layer than its antimere. These results show a certain degree of asymmetry in cortical bone topography and dentine tissue that could be associated with the observed dental macrowear pattern. The molar macrowear pattern also suggests that Regourdou 1 had a mixed diet typical of those populations living in temperate deciduous woodlands and Mediterranean habitats, including animal and plant foods. Although this study is limited to one Neanderthal individual, future analyses based on a larger sample may further assist us to better understand the existing relationship between mandibular architecture, occlusal wear and the masticatory apparatus in humans.
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dental wear and Cultural Behavior in middle paleolithic humans from the near east
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2013Co-Authors: Luca Fiorenza, Ottmar KullmerAbstract:Department of Palaeoanthropology and Messel Research, Senckenberg Research Institute, D-60325 Frankfurt amMain, GermanyKEY WORDS Neanderthals; anatomically modern humans; occlusal compass; Levant;para-facetsABSTRACT Neanderthals and anatomically modernhumans (AMHs) may have lived in close proximity inthe Near East region during Middle Paleolithic times.Although functional morphological analyses suggest amarked Behavioral contrast between these two humangroups, new dental micro- and macro-wear studies,together with new archaeological data, have revealedsome similarities in ecology and dietary habits. In thisstudy, we analyze the tooth wear patterns of Neander-thals and AMH from Middle Paleolithic sites of Israeland Northern Iraq, using the Occlusal Fingerprint Anal-ysis (OFA) method to virtually reconstruct the jaw move-ments responsible for the creation of the occlusal wearareas. We particularly focus on para-facets, a distinctivetype of wear which has been previously described in thedentition of historic and modern hunter-gatherers. Theanalysis reveals a similarity in para-facet frequencybetween early Near Eastern Neanderthals and AMH,and a significant difference with other Pleistocenehuman groups. The absence of antagonist occlusal con-tacts in the lower teeth and the occlusal compass analy-sis suggest that para-facet formation is not related tonormal mastication but to nonmasticatory activities.Thus, the identification of these nonmasticatory wearareas on the molars of early Near Eastern Neanderthalsand AMH may indicate analogous tooth-tool uses fordaily task activities. These may have emerged independ-ently or could be interpreted as indirect evidence of cul-tural interactions between these two groups. Am J PhysAnthropol 152:107-117, 2013.
Roberto Macchiarelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dental macrowear and cortical bone distribution of the neanderthal mandible from regourdou dordogne southwestern france
Journal of Human Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Luca Fiorenza, Ottmar Kullmer, Stefano Benazzi, Giulia Zampirolo, Arnaud Mazurier, Clement Zanolli, Roberto MacchiarelliAbstract:Abstract Tooth wear is an important feature for reconstructing diet, food processing and Cultural habits of past human populations. In particular, occlusal wear facets can be extremely useful for detecting information about diet and non-masticatory Behaviors. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the diet and Cultural Behavior of the Neanderthal specimen Regourdou 1 (Dordogne, Southern France) from the analysis of the macrowear pattern, using the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. In addition, we have also examined whether there is any association between the observed dental macrowear and mandibular bone distribution and root dentine thickness. The posterior dentition of Regourdou 1 is characterized by an asymmetric wear pattern, with the right side significantly more worn than the left. In contrast, the left lower P3 shows a more advanced wear than the right premolar, with unusual semicircular enamel wear facets. The results from occlusal fingerprint analysis of this unique pattern suggest tooth-tool uses for daily task activities. Moreover, the left buccal aspect of the mandibular cortical bone is thicker than its right counterpart, and the left P3 has a thicker radicular dentine layer than its antimere. These results show a certain degree of asymmetry in cortical bone topography and dentine tissue that could be associated with the observed dental macrowear pattern. The molar macrowear pattern also suggests that Regourdou 1 had a mixed diet typical of those populations living in temperate deciduous woodlands and Mediterranean habitats, including animal and plant foods. Although this study is limited to one Neanderthal individual, future analyses based on a larger sample may further assist us to better understand the existing relationship between mandibular architecture, occlusal wear and the masticatory apparatus in humans.
Stefano Benazzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dental macrowear and cortical bone distribution of the neanderthal mandible from regourdou dordogne southwestern france
Journal of Human Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Luca Fiorenza, Ottmar Kullmer, Stefano Benazzi, Giulia Zampirolo, Arnaud Mazurier, Clement Zanolli, Roberto MacchiarelliAbstract:Abstract Tooth wear is an important feature for reconstructing diet, food processing and Cultural habits of past human populations. In particular, occlusal wear facets can be extremely useful for detecting information about diet and non-masticatory Behaviors. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the diet and Cultural Behavior of the Neanderthal specimen Regourdou 1 (Dordogne, Southern France) from the analysis of the macrowear pattern, using the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. In addition, we have also examined whether there is any association between the observed dental macrowear and mandibular bone distribution and root dentine thickness. The posterior dentition of Regourdou 1 is characterized by an asymmetric wear pattern, with the right side significantly more worn than the left. In contrast, the left lower P3 shows a more advanced wear than the right premolar, with unusual semicircular enamel wear facets. The results from occlusal fingerprint analysis of this unique pattern suggest tooth-tool uses for daily task activities. Moreover, the left buccal aspect of the mandibular cortical bone is thicker than its right counterpart, and the left P3 has a thicker radicular dentine layer than its antimere. These results show a certain degree of asymmetry in cortical bone topography and dentine tissue that could be associated with the observed dental macrowear pattern. The molar macrowear pattern also suggests that Regourdou 1 had a mixed diet typical of those populations living in temperate deciduous woodlands and Mediterranean habitats, including animal and plant foods. Although this study is limited to one Neanderthal individual, future analyses based on a larger sample may further assist us to better understand the existing relationship between mandibular architecture, occlusal wear and the masticatory apparatus in humans.
Giulia Zampirolo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dental macrowear and cortical bone distribution of the neanderthal mandible from regourdou dordogne southwestern france
Journal of Human Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Luca Fiorenza, Ottmar Kullmer, Stefano Benazzi, Giulia Zampirolo, Arnaud Mazurier, Clement Zanolli, Roberto MacchiarelliAbstract:Abstract Tooth wear is an important feature for reconstructing diet, food processing and Cultural habits of past human populations. In particular, occlusal wear facets can be extremely useful for detecting information about diet and non-masticatory Behaviors. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the diet and Cultural Behavior of the Neanderthal specimen Regourdou 1 (Dordogne, Southern France) from the analysis of the macrowear pattern, using the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. In addition, we have also examined whether there is any association between the observed dental macrowear and mandibular bone distribution and root dentine thickness. The posterior dentition of Regourdou 1 is characterized by an asymmetric wear pattern, with the right side significantly more worn than the left. In contrast, the left lower P3 shows a more advanced wear than the right premolar, with unusual semicircular enamel wear facets. The results from occlusal fingerprint analysis of this unique pattern suggest tooth-tool uses for daily task activities. Moreover, the left buccal aspect of the mandibular cortical bone is thicker than its right counterpart, and the left P3 has a thicker radicular dentine layer than its antimere. These results show a certain degree of asymmetry in cortical bone topography and dentine tissue that could be associated with the observed dental macrowear pattern. The molar macrowear pattern also suggests that Regourdou 1 had a mixed diet typical of those populations living in temperate deciduous woodlands and Mediterranean habitats, including animal and plant foods. Although this study is limited to one Neanderthal individual, future analyses based on a larger sample may further assist us to better understand the existing relationship between mandibular architecture, occlusal wear and the masticatory apparatus in humans.