The Experts below are selected from a list of 169023 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Xinzhu Meng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the dynamics of plant disease models with continuous and impulsive Cultural Control strategies
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Xinzhu MengAbstract:Plant disease mathematical models including continuous Cultural Control strategy and impulsive Cultural Control strategy are proposed and investigated. This novel theoretical framework could result in an objective criterion on how to Control plant disease transmission by replanting of healthy plants and removal of infected plants. Firstly, continuous replanting of healthy plants and removing of infected plants is taken. The existence and stability of disease-free equilibrium and positive equilibrium are studied and continuous Cultural Control strategy is given. Secondly, plant disease model with impulsive replanting of healthy plants and removing of infected plants is also considered. Using Floquet's theorem and small amplitude perturbation, the sufficient conditions under which the infected plant free periodic solution is locally stable are obtained. Moreover, permanence of the system is investigated. Under certain parameter spaces, it is shown that a nontrivial periodic solution emerges via a supercritical bifurcation. Finally, our findings are confirmed by means of numerical simulations. The modeling methods and analytical analysis presented can serve as an integrating measure to identify and design appropriate plant disease Control strategies.
Kenneth E Narva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rnai as a management tool for the western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Pest Management Science, 2016Co-Authors: Elane Fishilevich, Nicholas P Storer, Andrew J. Bowling, Ana Maria Velez, Murugesan Rangasamy, Sarah E Worden, Kenneth E NarvaAbstract:The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is the most important pest of corn in the US Corn Belt. Economic estimates indicate that costs of Control and yield loss associated with WCR damage exceed $US 1 billion annually. Historically, corn rootworm management has been extremely difficult because of its ability to evolve resistance to both chemical insecticides and Cultural Control practices. Since 2003, the only novel commercialized developments in rootworm management have been transgenic plants expressing Bt insecticidal proteins. Four transgenic insecticidal proteins are currently registered for rootworm management, and field resistance to proteins from the Cry3 family highlights the importance of developing traits with new modes of action. One of the newest approaches for Controlling rootworm pests involves RNA interference (RNAi). This review describes the current understanding of the RNAi mechanisms in WCR and the use of this technology for WCR management. Further, the review addresses ecological risk assessment of RNAi and insect resistance management of RNAi for corn rootworm. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Andrew Polaszek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT LEPIDOPTERAN CEREAL STEM BORERS IN AFRICA
Annual review of entomology, 2002Co-Authors: Rami Kfir, William A Overholt, Zeyaur R. Khan, Andrew PolaszekAbstract:Cereals (maize, sorghum, millet, rice) are extremely important crops grown in Africa for human consumption. Of the various insect pests attacking cereal crops in Africa, lepidopteran stem borers are by far the most injurious. All 21 economically important stem borers of cultivated grasses in Africa are indigenous except Chilo partellus, which invaded the continent from India, and C. sacchariphagus, which has recently been found in sugarcane in Mozambique. C. partellus is competitively displacing indigenous stem borers in East and southern Africa. A parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes, was introduced from Pakistan for biological Control of C. partellus and caused a 32-55% decrease in stem borer densities. This article is an attempt to summarize the status of knowledge about economically important cereal stem borers in Africa with emphasis on their distribution, pest status and yield losses, diapause, natural enemies, Cultural Control, host plant resistance, and biological Control. Special attention is given to Busseola fusca and C. partellus, the most important pests of maize and grain sorghum.
Hugh M Robertson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microarray analysis yields candidate markers for rotation resistance in the western corn rootworm beetle diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Evolutionary Applications, 2010Co-Authors: Lisa M Knolhoff, Kimberly K O Walden, Susan T Ratcliffe, David W Onstad, Hugh M RobertsonAbstract:As pest species may evolve resistance to chemical Controls, they may also evolve resistance to Cultural Control methods. Yearly rotation of corn (Zea mays) with another crop interrupts the life cycle of the western corn rootworm beetle (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), but behavioral resistance to crop rotation is now a major problem in the Midwest of the USA. Resistant adult females exhibit reduced fidelity to corn as a host and lay their eggs in the soil of both corn and soybean (Glycine max) fields. Behavioral assays suggest that the adaptation is related to increased locomotor activity, but finding molecular markers has been difficult. We used microarray analysis to search for gene expression differences between resistant and wild-type beetles. Candidates validated with real-time polymerase chain reaction exhibit predicted patterns from the microarray in independent samples across time and space. Many genes more highly expressed in the rotation-resistant females have no matches to known proteins, and most genes that were more lowly expressed are involved in antimicrobial defense.
Elane Fishilevich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rnai as a management tool for the western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Pest Management Science, 2016Co-Authors: Elane Fishilevich, Nicholas P Storer, Andrew J. Bowling, Ana Maria Velez, Murugesan Rangasamy, Sarah E Worden, Kenneth E NarvaAbstract:The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is the most important pest of corn in the US Corn Belt. Economic estimates indicate that costs of Control and yield loss associated with WCR damage exceed $US 1 billion annually. Historically, corn rootworm management has been extremely difficult because of its ability to evolve resistance to both chemical insecticides and Cultural Control practices. Since 2003, the only novel commercialized developments in rootworm management have been transgenic plants expressing Bt insecticidal proteins. Four transgenic insecticidal proteins are currently registered for rootworm management, and field resistance to proteins from the Cry3 family highlights the importance of developing traits with new modes of action. One of the newest approaches for Controlling rootworm pests involves RNA interference (RNAi). This review describes the current understanding of the RNAi mechanisms in WCR and the use of this technology for WCR management. Further, the review addresses ecological risk assessment of RNAi and insect resistance management of RNAi for corn rootworm. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.