The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Donnel A Briley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a dynamic view of Cultural Influence a review
Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Donnel A Briley, Robert S Wyer, En LiAbstract:Abstract Static models of culture's Influence have given way to a dynamic view, which identifies not only differences across cultures in people's judgments and decisions, but also the situations and conditions in which these differences do or do not appear. Theory and evidence developed from a cognitive psychological perspective underlie this dynamic approach, including research emerging from the “dynamic constructivist” and “situated cognition” models. In the present review, we focus on findings that confirm the utility of this cognitively oriented approach, and briefly discuss the advantages and complementary nature of the “social collective” and neuroscience approaches to understanding culture.
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reasons as carriers of culture dynamic versus dispositional models of Cultural Influence on decision making
Journal of Consumer Research, 2000Co-Authors: Donnel A Briley, Michael W Morris, Itamar SimonsonAbstract:We argue that a way culture Influences decisions is through the reasons that individuals recruit when required to explain their choices. Specifically, we propose that cultures endow individuals with different rules or principles that provide guidance for making decisions, and a need to provide reasons activates such Cultural knowledge. This proposition, representing a dynamic rather than dispositional view of Cultural Influence, is investigated in studies of consumer decisions that involve a tradeoff between diverging attributes, such as low price and high quality. Principles enjoining compromise are more salient in East-Asian cultures than in North American culture, and accordingly, we predict that Cultural differences in the tendency to choose compromise options will be greater when the decision test requires that participants provide reasons. In Study 1, a difference between Hong Kong Chinese and North American participants in the tendency to select compromise products emerged only when they were asked to explain their decisions, with the Hong Kong decisions makers more likely and Americans less likely to compromise. Content analysis of participants' reasons confirmed that Cultural differences in the frequency of generating particular types of reasons mediated the difference in choices. Studies 2 and 3 replicate the interactive effect of culture and the need to provide reasons in a comparison of North American versus Japanese participants and in a comparison on European-American and Asian-American participants, respectively. Study 4 and 5 found that Hong Kong Chinese participants, compared with Americans, evaluate proverbs and the reasons of others more positively when these favor compromise. We discuss the value of conceptualizing Cultural Influences in terms of dynamic strategies rather than as dispositional tendencies.
Michael W Morris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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culture as common sense perceived consensus versus personal beliefs as mechanisms of Cultural Influence
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Michael W Morris, Chiyue ChiuAbstract:We propose that culture affects people through their perceptions of what is consensually believed. Whereas past research has examined whether Cultural differences in social judgment are mediated by differences in individuals’ personal values and beliefs, we investigate whether they are mediated by differences in individuals’ perceptions of the views of people around them. We propose that individuals who perceive that traditional views are Culturally consensual (e.g., Chinese participants who believe that most of their fellows hold collectivistic values) will themselves behave and think in Culturally typical ways. Four studies of previously well-established Cultural differences found that Cultural differences were mediated by participants’ perceived consensus as much as by participants’ personal views. This held true for Cultural differences in the bases of compliance (Study 1), attributional foci (Study 2), and counterfactual thinking styles (Study 3). To tease apart the effect of consensus perception from other possibly associated individual differences, Study 4 experimentally manipulated which of two cultures was salient to biCultural participants and found that judgments were guided by their perception of the consensual view of the salient culture.
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boundaries of Cultural Influence construct activation as a mechanism for Cultural differences in social perception
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Yingyi Hong, Veronica Benetmartinez, Chiyue Chiu, Michael W MorrisAbstract:Cross-Cultural studies usually compare the psychology of people from different countries and thus focus on how cultures Influence people's psychology. In contrast, in 2000, Hong, Morris, Chiu, and Benet-Martinez demonstrated the dynamics of Cultural Influence within individuals who have been exposed extensively to two cultures (biCulturals); they showed that exposing Chinese American biCulturals to Chinese or American Cultural icons activated the corresponding Cultural (Chinese or American) knowledge systems, which, in turn, affected the biCulturals' attributions (the Cultural priming effects). This article further examines how applicability of activated Cultural knowledge moderates the Cultural priming effects. In two studies, the authors manipulated the individual versus group salience of an ambiguous social display and found that only when the individual versus group contrast was made salient was the group agency belief applicable and thus showed the Cultural priming effects. As such, applicability set...
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reasons as carriers of culture dynamic versus dispositional models of Cultural Influence on decision making
Journal of Consumer Research, 2000Co-Authors: Donnel A Briley, Michael W Morris, Itamar SimonsonAbstract:We argue that a way culture Influences decisions is through the reasons that individuals recruit when required to explain their choices. Specifically, we propose that cultures endow individuals with different rules or principles that provide guidance for making decisions, and a need to provide reasons activates such Cultural knowledge. This proposition, representing a dynamic rather than dispositional view of Cultural Influence, is investigated in studies of consumer decisions that involve a tradeoff between diverging attributes, such as low price and high quality. Principles enjoining compromise are more salient in East-Asian cultures than in North American culture, and accordingly, we predict that Cultural differences in the tendency to choose compromise options will be greater when the decision test requires that participants provide reasons. In Study 1, a difference between Hong Kong Chinese and North American participants in the tendency to select compromise products emerged only when they were asked to explain their decisions, with the Hong Kong decisions makers more likely and Americans less likely to compromise. Content analysis of participants' reasons confirmed that Cultural differences in the frequency of generating particular types of reasons mediated the difference in choices. Studies 2 and 3 replicate the interactive effect of culture and the need to provide reasons in a comparison of North American versus Japanese participants and in a comparison on European-American and Asian-American participants, respectively. Study 4 and 5 found that Hong Kong Chinese participants, compared with Americans, evaluate proverbs and the reasons of others more positively when these favor compromise. We discuss the value of conceptualizing Cultural Influences in terms of dynamic strategies rather than as dispositional tendencies.
Matcheri S. Keshavan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Validation of social cognition rating tools in indian setting (SOCRATIS): A new test-battery to assess social cognition
Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011Co-Authors: Urvakhsh M. Mehta, C. Naveen Kumar, Mahesh Mahadevaiah, Kiran Rao, Jagadisha Thirthalli, Bangalore N. Gangadhar, D.k. Subbakrishna, Matcheri S. KeshavanAbstract:Social cognition is a cognitive domain that is under substantial Cultural Influence. There are no Culturally appropriate standardized tools in India to comprehensively test social cognition. This study describes validation of tools for three social cognition constructs: theory of mind, social perception and attributional bias. Theory of mind tests included adaptations of, (a) two first order tasks [Sally-Anne and Smarties task], (b) two second order tasks [Ice cream van and Missing cookies story], (c) two metaphor-irony tasks and (d) the faux pas recognition test. Internal, Personal, and Situational Attributions Questionnaire (IPSAQ) and Social Cue Recognition Test were adapted to assess attributional bias and social perception, respectively. These tests were first modified to suit the Indian Cultural context without changing the constructs to be tested. A panel of experts then rated the tests on likert scales as to (1) whether the modified tasks tested the same construct as in the original and (2) whether they were Culturally appropriate. The modified tests were then administered to groups of actively symptomatic and remitted schizophrenia patients as well as healthy comparison subjects. All tests of the Social Cognition Rating Tools in Indian Setting had good content validity and known groups validity. In addition, the social cure recognition test in Indian setting had good internal consistency and concurrent validity. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Tracy Dathe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Understanding Cultural Influence on perceptions of target-based pay: Insights from a multi-national SME
2018Co-Authors: Tracy DatheAbstract:This thesis examines Cultural Influences on employees’ perceptions of target-based pay. As the positive effect of this instrument can only be expected when the employees perceive individual benefits, this research focuses specifically on Cultural Influences on employees’ perceptions of target-based pay. Based on the findings of the literature review, the Influence factors on employees’ perceptions of target-based pay, as defined by previous researchers, were mapped with Hofstede’s VSM framework. During the verification of the findings of the literature review, through discussions with a practitioner expert panel, a further Cultural factor “general pay perception” was added to the original form of Hofstede’s model. A survey was then designed to examine the Influence of the Cultural factors on the employees’ perceptions of target-based pay in a multi-national manufacturing SME with subsidiaries in Germany, the Czech Republic and China. The data were initially explored by means of a factor analysis, which refined the survey scale into a 6-dimensional structure detailing the Cultural factors at play. These 6 dimensions were in line with the extended VSM framework determined previously in this study. This framework, with its underlying attributes, was employed as an assessment instrument of the Cultural Influence on perceptions of target-based pay in further research round. The reliability and validity of the assessment instrument was successfully tested and subsequently the results were verified and validated through panel discussions. The survey data were also explored in two comparison studies using descriptive statistics: one focusing on cross-country comparison and the other on organisational position comparison. This research makes a contribution to knowledge by developing a methodology for the study of Cultural Influence on perceptions of target-based pay and by providing valuable real-world data for future research. The theoretical understanding based on the findings of this study also contributes to the effective administration of target-based pay in practice. Keywords: target-based pay, pay for performance, Cultural Influence, culture, SMEs
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Understanding Cultural Influence on perceptions of target-based pay
2018Co-Authors: Tracy DatheAbstract:This book examines Cultural Influences on employees’ perceptions of target-based pay. As the positive effect of this instrument can only be expected when the employees perceive individual benefits, this research focuses specifically on Cultural Influences on employees’ perceptions of target-based pay. Based on the findings of the literature review, the Influence factors on employees’ perceptions of target-based pay, as defined by previous researchers, were mapped with Hofstede’s VSM framework. During the verification of the findings of the literature review, through discussions with a practitioner expert panel, a further Cultural factor “general pay perception” was added to the original form of Hofstede’s model. A survey was then designed to examine the Influence of the Cultural factors on the employees’ perceptions of target-based pay in a multi-national manufacturing SME with subsidiaries in Germany, the Czech Republic and China. This research makes a contribution to knowledge by developing a methodology for the study of Cultural Influence on perceptions of target-based pay and by providing valuable real-world data for future research.
Li Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neural basis of Cultural Influence on self representation
NeuroImage, 2007Co-Authors: Li ZhangAbstract:Abstract Culture affects the psychological structure of self and results in two distinct types of self-representation (Western independent self and East Asian interdependent self). However, the neural basis of culture–self interaction remains unknown. We used fMRI to measured brain activity from Western and Chinese subjects who judged personal trait adjectives regarding self, mother or a public person. We found that the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) showed stronger activation in self- than other-judgment conditions for both Chinese and Western subjects. However, relative to other-judgments, mother-judgments activated MPFC in Chinese but not in Western subjects. Our findings suggest that Chinese individuals use MPFC to represent both the self and the mother whereas Westerners use MPFC to represent exclusively the self, providing neuroimaging evidence that culture shapes the functional anatomy of self-representation.