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Rhona Muirhead - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison between the nutritive value of short Cutting Cycle high temperature dried alfalfa and timothy hay for horses
Equine Veterinary Journal, 1992Co-Authors: D Cuddeford, Amanda Woodhead, Rhona MuirheadAbstract:Summary The objective was to evaluate the nutritive value of short-Cutting Cycle, high temperature-dried (SCCHTD) alfalfa compared to timothy hay. This was achieved by carrying out 4 times 4 Latin Square digestibility trial using 4 Thoroughbred (one three-quarter Thoroughbred) horses (mean liveweight, 531 kg). The four dietary treatments were 0AA (timothy hay only), 33AA (0.33 alfalfa: 0.67 timothy hay), 67AA (0.67 alfalfa: 0.33 timothy hay) and 100AA (alfalfa only). Digestibility data were obtained by using acid-insoluble ash to estimate apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Kate of passage of the feedstuff was determined using chromium-mordanted hay. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were estimated. The digestibilities of organic matter (0.63), energy (0.57) and crude protein (0.74) of the alfalfa were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those for the hay (0.45, 0.43 and 0.36 respectively). The fibre components of alfalfa and hay were digested to the same extent but the ether extract of alfalfa was less well digested. Alfalfa saponins had no consistently significant effects on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride values but may contribute to the negative digestibility of alfalfa ether extract. We conclude that SCCHTD alfalfa is of much higher nutritive value than timothy hay when fed to Thoroughbred horses.
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A comparison between the nutritive value of short-Cutting Cycle, high temperature-dried alfalfa and timothy hay for horses
Equine veterinary journal, 1992Co-Authors: D Cuddeford, Amanda Woodhead, Rhona MuirheadAbstract:Summary The objective was to evaluate the nutritive value of short-Cutting Cycle, high temperature-dried (SCCHTD) alfalfa compared to timothy hay. This was achieved by carrying out 4 times 4 Latin Square digestibility trial using 4 Thoroughbred (one three-quarter Thoroughbred) horses (mean liveweight, 531 kg). The four dietary treatments were 0AA (timothy hay only), 33AA (0.33 alfalfa: 0.67 timothy hay), 67AA (0.67 alfalfa: 0.33 timothy hay) and 100AA (alfalfa only). Digestibility data were obtained by using acid-insoluble ash to estimate apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Kate of passage of the feedstuff was determined using chromium-mordanted hay. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were estimated. The digestibilities of organic matter (0.63), energy (0.57) and crude protein (0.74) of the alfalfa were significantly (P
D Cuddeford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison between the nutritive value of short Cutting Cycle high temperature dried alfalfa and timothy hay for horses
Equine Veterinary Journal, 1992Co-Authors: D Cuddeford, Amanda Woodhead, Rhona MuirheadAbstract:Summary The objective was to evaluate the nutritive value of short-Cutting Cycle, high temperature-dried (SCCHTD) alfalfa compared to timothy hay. This was achieved by carrying out 4 times 4 Latin Square digestibility trial using 4 Thoroughbred (one three-quarter Thoroughbred) horses (mean liveweight, 531 kg). The four dietary treatments were 0AA (timothy hay only), 33AA (0.33 alfalfa: 0.67 timothy hay), 67AA (0.67 alfalfa: 0.33 timothy hay) and 100AA (alfalfa only). Digestibility data were obtained by using acid-insoluble ash to estimate apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Kate of passage of the feedstuff was determined using chromium-mordanted hay. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were estimated. The digestibilities of organic matter (0.63), energy (0.57) and crude protein (0.74) of the alfalfa were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those for the hay (0.45, 0.43 and 0.36 respectively). The fibre components of alfalfa and hay were digested to the same extent but the ether extract of alfalfa was less well digested. Alfalfa saponins had no consistently significant effects on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride values but may contribute to the negative digestibility of alfalfa ether extract. We conclude that SCCHTD alfalfa is of much higher nutritive value than timothy hay when fed to Thoroughbred horses.
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A comparison between the nutritive value of short-Cutting Cycle, high temperature-dried alfalfa and timothy hay for horses
Equine veterinary journal, 1992Co-Authors: D Cuddeford, Amanda Woodhead, Rhona MuirheadAbstract:Summary The objective was to evaluate the nutritive value of short-Cutting Cycle, high temperature-dried (SCCHTD) alfalfa compared to timothy hay. This was achieved by carrying out 4 times 4 Latin Square digestibility trial using 4 Thoroughbred (one three-quarter Thoroughbred) horses (mean liveweight, 531 kg). The four dietary treatments were 0AA (timothy hay only), 33AA (0.33 alfalfa: 0.67 timothy hay), 67AA (0.67 alfalfa: 0.33 timothy hay) and 100AA (alfalfa only). Digestibility data were obtained by using acid-insoluble ash to estimate apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Kate of passage of the feedstuff was determined using chromium-mordanted hay. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were estimated. The digestibilities of organic matter (0.63), energy (0.57) and crude protein (0.74) of the alfalfa were significantly (P
Toshimichi Moriwaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tool wear control in single crystal diamond Cutting of steel by using the ultra intermittent Cutting method
International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2009Co-Authors: Youngchan Song, Kentaro Nezu, Chunhong Park, Toshimichi MoriwakiAbstract:Abstract Excessive tool wear is a major drawback to the ultraprecision Cutting of steel with geometrically defined single-crystal diamond tools. This paper presents a new approach to reduce this wear. In general, the wear of the diamond tool is due to chemical reactions such as diffusion into the steel, oxidation, graphitization, and carbide formation under Cutting conditions of high temperature and high pressure. To suppress these types of chemical reactions, the contact time between the diamond tool and the steel in the Cutting process was controlled by intermittent Cutting method such as fly-Cutting or milling. A series of intermittent Cutting experiments were carried out to control the tool–workpiece contact time in one Cutting Cycle by changing the Cutting speed and Cutting length in each Cutting Cycle. The experimental results showed that the diamond tool wear was highly dependent on the tool–workpiece contact time, regardless of the Cutting speed, and that the wear was greatly reduced by decreasing the contact time to less than 0.3 ms under these Cutting conditions. It is expected that steel can be successfully cut with a single-crystal diamond tool by controlling the tool–workpiece contact time.
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Optimal Structure Design Methodology for Compound Multiaxis Machine Tools-III – Performance Evaluation –
International Journal of Automation Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Masamitsu Nakaminami, Toshimichi Moriwaki, Tsutomu Tokuma, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Sachinori Sakashita, Keiichi NakamotoAbstract:Compound multiaxis machine tools are developed for machining of high-value-added parts throughintegrating milling and turning operations. Due to the complexity of the configuration and the functional versatility required for a compound machine tool, machining accuracy, productivity, and return on investment (ROI) remain to be improved. Design methodology has been widely studied to design high-performance compound multiaxis machine tools. We evaluated their performance in this study, finding that a V guide effectively improves movement accuracy in the X, Y, and Z directions. Cutting tests conducted on the XY-plane, YZ-plane, and an inclined plane prove that tight circularity is achieved. Cutting Cycle time for an identical part and the same part compared between conventional and new compound multiaxis machine tools showed the Cutting Cycle time is largely reduced. We also found that new compound multiaxis machine tools consume less electricity than a manufacturing system with equivalent productivity consisting of a 2-axis lathe and a machining center.
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Development of in-Process Tool Wear Monitoring System for CNC Turning
JSME International Journal Series C, 2004Co-Authors: Toshimichi Moriwaki, Toshiroh Shibasaka, Somkiat TangjitsitcharoenAbstract:The aim of this research is to develop an in-process tool wear monitoring system for CNC turning machine. The exponential decay function is employed to represent the relation between the nominal specific Cutting resistance and feed rate. An index value a in the exponential decay function is defined to estimate the flank wear, which is equivalent to the rate of increase in the nominal specific Cutting resistance at zero feed rate as compared to that at infinite feed rate. In order to obtain the characteristic value a, the additional Cutting Cycles is proposed here to alter the feed rate deliberately during the normal Cutting Cycle to measure the Cutting forces and identify the rate of increase in the nominal specific Cutting resistance at smaller feed rates. Series of Cutting tests were carried out to estimate the flank wear, and it is proved that the index mentioned above can be a good measure of tool wear, even though the depths of cut, the Cutting speeds and the Cutting tools, as well as the work materials are different.
Amanda Woodhead - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison between the nutritive value of short Cutting Cycle high temperature dried alfalfa and timothy hay for horses
Equine Veterinary Journal, 1992Co-Authors: D Cuddeford, Amanda Woodhead, Rhona MuirheadAbstract:Summary The objective was to evaluate the nutritive value of short-Cutting Cycle, high temperature-dried (SCCHTD) alfalfa compared to timothy hay. This was achieved by carrying out 4 times 4 Latin Square digestibility trial using 4 Thoroughbred (one three-quarter Thoroughbred) horses (mean liveweight, 531 kg). The four dietary treatments were 0AA (timothy hay only), 33AA (0.33 alfalfa: 0.67 timothy hay), 67AA (0.67 alfalfa: 0.33 timothy hay) and 100AA (alfalfa only). Digestibility data were obtained by using acid-insoluble ash to estimate apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Kate of passage of the feedstuff was determined using chromium-mordanted hay. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were estimated. The digestibilities of organic matter (0.63), energy (0.57) and crude protein (0.74) of the alfalfa were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those for the hay (0.45, 0.43 and 0.36 respectively). The fibre components of alfalfa and hay were digested to the same extent but the ether extract of alfalfa was less well digested. Alfalfa saponins had no consistently significant effects on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride values but may contribute to the negative digestibility of alfalfa ether extract. We conclude that SCCHTD alfalfa is of much higher nutritive value than timothy hay when fed to Thoroughbred horses.
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A comparison between the nutritive value of short-Cutting Cycle, high temperature-dried alfalfa and timothy hay for horses
Equine veterinary journal, 1992Co-Authors: D Cuddeford, Amanda Woodhead, Rhona MuirheadAbstract:Summary The objective was to evaluate the nutritive value of short-Cutting Cycle, high temperature-dried (SCCHTD) alfalfa compared to timothy hay. This was achieved by carrying out 4 times 4 Latin Square digestibility trial using 4 Thoroughbred (one three-quarter Thoroughbred) horses (mean liveweight, 531 kg). The four dietary treatments were 0AA (timothy hay only), 33AA (0.33 alfalfa: 0.67 timothy hay), 67AA (0.67 alfalfa: 0.33 timothy hay) and 100AA (alfalfa only). Digestibility data were obtained by using acid-insoluble ash to estimate apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients. Kate of passage of the feedstuff was determined using chromium-mordanted hay. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were estimated. The digestibilities of organic matter (0.63), energy (0.57) and crude protein (0.74) of the alfalfa were significantly (P
Timo Pukkala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Variable-density thinning in uneven-aged forest management—a case for Norway spruce in Finland
Forestry, 2011Co-Authors: Timo Pukkala, Erkki Lähde, Olavi LaihoAbstract:Summary Almost all commercial forests of Finland are simultaneously used for timber production, outdoor recreation and biodiversity maintenance. For the past 60 years, the official line of silviculture has been even-aged management. However, uneven-aged management and other forms of continuous cover forestry are gradually gaining popularity and also official acceptance. This study analyzed variable density thinning (VDT) in the context of uneven-aged management of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.Karsten) stands. The aim was to find economically profitable management systems, which would result in forests that are good for recreation and biodiversity maintenance. The stand compartment was divided into Cutting segments and only one segment was harvested at a time. When economic profitability was maximized as the sole management objective, 15-year Cutting Cycle with uniform thinning (UT) was the optimal management system. All trees larger than 19 cm in diameter at breast height (all saw logsized trees) were removed in the Cutting. When a continuous presence of large trees was required, VDT was clearly more profitable than UT. In VDT, all large trees were removed from the thinned places but there were large trees in the segments that will be cut in the next logging operation. The optimal Cutting Cycle (interval between successive Cuttings in the same place) of VDT was 20–30 years when large trees were required in the post-Cutting forest. Several combinations of the length of Cutting Cycle and number of Cutting segments were nearly equally profitable. Profitable options were, for instance, to divide the stand into four Cutting segments each cut at 20-year interval or three segments each cut at 30-year interval.
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Optimising the management of uneven-aged Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus nigra Arn. mixed stands in Catalonia, north-east Spain
Annals of Forest Science, 2004Co-Authors: Antoni Trasobares, Timo PukkalaAbstract:This study uses a simulation-optimisation system, PINUSMIX, to optimise the structure and management of uneven-aged mixtures of Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus nigra Arn. in Catalonia (north-east Spain). The simulation sub-system consists of a method for drawing the initial tree diameters from a Weibull distribution and a stand growth and yield simulator based on individual-tree growth, height, ingrowth and survival models. The simulation sub-system was combined with the optimisation algorithm of Hooke and Jeeves. The system was used to optimise the management of uneven-aged mixtures of P. sylvestris and P. nigra on medium site characteristics in the region. When the land expectation value with a 20-year Cutting Cycle and a 2% discounting rate was maximized, the land expectation value was 1331 euro ha-1, and the optimal prior-thinning stand volume was 86 m3 ha-1. In the optimal stand structure P. sylvestris dominated. The effects of discounting rate, Cutting Cycle length, objective function, site, timber prices, type of diameter distribution and biodiversity considerations were logical. Increasing discounting rate and shortening the Cutting Cycle decreased the optimal prior-thinning stand densities. Maximising wood production or net income resulted in higher volumes of growing stock than did maximising profitability. Forcing the inclusion of large trees in the stand, for biodiversity reasons, clearly decreased profitability but had no effect on wood production.
