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Ryo Hasegawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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β glucosidase activities and hcn liberation in unimbibed and imbibed seeds and the induction of cocklebur seed germination by Cyanogenic Glycosides
Physiologia Plantarum, 1991Co-Authors: Yohji Esashi, Shinichi Matsuyama, Hiroki Ashino, Maria Ogasawara, Ryo HasegawaAbstract:In many seed species, the major source of HCN evolved during water imbibition is Cyanogenic Glycosides. The present investigation was performed to elucidate the role of endogenous Cyanogenic Glycosides in the control of seed germination and to examine the involvment of β-glucosidase in this process. All seed species used here contained some activities of β-glucosidase already in the dry state before imbibition. in the decreasing order of Malus pumila, Daucus carota, Hordeum vulgare, Chenopodium album and so on. β-Gluosidase activity in upper and lower seeds of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) decreased with imbibition, and in lower seeds the activity disappeared when they germinated. On the contrary, in caryopses of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Sasanishiki) β-glucosidase increased during imbibition, and this increase continued even after germination. β-Glucosidase in cocklebur seeds was more active in the axial than in the cotyledonary tissue. Amygdalin, prunasin and linamarin could all serve as substrattes for the β-glucosidase(s) from both cocklebur and rice. Amygdalin, prunasin and linamarin as well as KCN, were effective in stimulating the germination of upper cocklebur seeds. The seeds evolved much more free HCN gas when they were exposed to the Cyanogenic Glycosides than when the Glycosides were absent. Moreover, the application of the Cyanogenic Glycosides or of KCN caused accumulation of bound HCN in the seeds. Carbon monoxide, which stimulated cocklebur seed germination only slightly, did not cause accumulation of bound HCN. We suggest that a balance between the cytochrome and the alternative respiration pathways, which is adequate for germination (Esashi et al. 1987. Plant Cell Physiol. 28: 141–150), may be brought about by the action of endogenous HCN; a large portion of which is liberated from Cyanogenic Glycosides via the action of β-glucosidase. In addition to the partial suppression of the cytochrome path and unlike carbon monoxide, the HCN thus produced may act to supply cyanide group(s) to unknown compounds necessary for germination.
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β‐Glucosidase activities and HCN liberation in unimbibed and imbibed seeds, and the induction of cocklebur seed germination by Cyanogenic Glycosides
Physiologia Plantarum, 1991Co-Authors: Yohji Esashi, Shinichi Matsuyama, Hiroki Ashino, Maria Ogasawara, Ryo HasegawaAbstract:In many seed species, the major source of HCN evolved during water imbibition is Cyanogenic Glycosides. The present investigation was performed to elucidate the role of endogenous Cyanogenic Glycosides in the control of seed germination and to examine the involvment of β-glucosidase in this process. All seed species used here contained some activities of β-glucosidase already in the dry state before imbibition. in the decreasing order of Malus pumila, Daucus carota, Hordeum vulgare, Chenopodium album and so on. β-Gluosidase activity in upper and lower seeds of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) decreased with imbibition, and in lower seeds the activity disappeared when they germinated. On the contrary, in caryopses of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Sasanishiki) β-glucosidase increased during imbibition, and this increase continued even after germination. β-Glucosidase in cocklebur seeds was more active in the axial than in the cotyledonary tissue. Amygdalin, prunasin and linamarin could all serve as substrattes for the β-glucosidase(s) from both cocklebur and rice. Amygdalin, prunasin and linamarin as well as KCN, were effective in stimulating the germination of upper cocklebur seeds. The seeds evolved much more free HCN gas when they were exposed to the Cyanogenic Glycosides than when the Glycosides were absent. Moreover, the application of the Cyanogenic Glycosides or of KCN caused accumulation of bound HCN in the seeds. Carbon monoxide, which stimulated cocklebur seed germination only slightly, did not cause accumulation of bound HCN. We suggest that a balance between the cytochrome and the alternative respiration pathways, which is adequate for germination (Esashi et al. 1987. Plant Cell Physiol. 28: 141–150), may be brought about by the action of endogenous HCN; a large portion of which is liberated from Cyanogenic Glycosides via the action of β-glucosidase. In addition to the partial suppression of the cytochrome path and unlike carbon monoxide, the HCN thus produced may act to supply cyanide group(s) to unknown compounds necessary for germination.
Lisbeth Jonsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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settling behaviour of rhopalosiphum padi l in relation to Cyanogenic Glycosides and gramine contents in barley
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 1998Co-Authors: Karin Forslund, Jan Pettersson, Elham Ahmed, Lisbeth JonssonAbstract:In order to examine whether the content of Cyanogenic Glycosides or gramine in barley affects the host plant preference of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), two‐choice settling tests were performed with R. padi on different barley varieties with varying amounts of these compounds. The total concentration of Cyanogenic Glycosides in barley shoots, as determined in 59 varieties, varied between 20 and 1200 nmol (g fw)−1. Of the 59 varieties, six with high [>700 nmol (g fw)−1], six with intermediate [450–650 nmol (g fw)−1] and six with low [<200 nmol (g fw)‐l] content of Cyanogenic Glycosides were chosen for preference tests with R. padi. The content of gramine was determined in these 18 chosen varieties and was generally either low (close to 0) or high [about 2 μmol (g fw)−1]. There was no correlation between Cyanogenic glycoside and gramine content. The aphids did not discriminate between varieties with high, intermediate or low content of Cyanogenic Glycosides in combinations with high or low gramine cont...
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Settling behaviour of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) in relation to Cyanogenic Glycosides and gramine contents in barley
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 1998Co-Authors: Karin Forslund, Jan Pettersson, Elham Ahmed, Lisbeth JonssonAbstract:In order to examine whether the content of Cyanogenic Glycosides or gramine in barley affects the host plant preference of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), two‐choice settling tests were performed with R. padi on different barley varieties with varying amounts of these compounds. The total concentration of Cyanogenic Glycosides in barley shoots, as determined in 59 varieties, varied between 20 and 1200 nmol (g fw)−1. Of the 59 varieties, six with high [>700 nmol (g fw)−1], six with intermediate [450–650 nmol (g fw)−1] and six with low [
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Cyanogenic Glycosides and their metabolic enzymes in barley, in relation to nitrogen levels
Physiologia Plantarum, 1997Co-Authors: Karin Forslund, Lisbeth JonssonAbstract:The possible role for Cyanogenic Glycosides as nitrogen storage compounds was studied in barley, Hordeum vulgare (cv. Golf), cultivated under different nitrogen regimes. Cyanogenic Glycosides were absent in seeds and roots but were synthesized in seedlings where they accumulated at a level of about 150 nmol shoot -1 in control plants and 110 nmol shoot -1 in nitrogen-starved plants. An enzyme involved in the breakdown of Cyanogenic Glycosides, β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.-) exhibited high activity in seeds and was also detected in roots and shoots. The activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase (EC 4.4.1.9), which is involved in the metabolism of HCN, was low in seeds but very high in roots and shoots. There was no correlation between the activities of the two enzymes and the content of Cyanogenic Glycosides or nitrogen. The relative content of nitrogen in Cyanogenic Glycosides never exceeded 0.3% of total nitrogen, and the amount of Cyanogenic Glycosides decreased at a low rate even at a stage when nitrogen limitation inhibited growth.
Yohji Esashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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β glucosidase activities and hcn liberation in unimbibed and imbibed seeds and the induction of cocklebur seed germination by Cyanogenic Glycosides
Physiologia Plantarum, 1991Co-Authors: Yohji Esashi, Shinichi Matsuyama, Hiroki Ashino, Maria Ogasawara, Ryo HasegawaAbstract:In many seed species, the major source of HCN evolved during water imbibition is Cyanogenic Glycosides. The present investigation was performed to elucidate the role of endogenous Cyanogenic Glycosides in the control of seed germination and to examine the involvment of β-glucosidase in this process. All seed species used here contained some activities of β-glucosidase already in the dry state before imbibition. in the decreasing order of Malus pumila, Daucus carota, Hordeum vulgare, Chenopodium album and so on. β-Gluosidase activity in upper and lower seeds of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) decreased with imbibition, and in lower seeds the activity disappeared when they germinated. On the contrary, in caryopses of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Sasanishiki) β-glucosidase increased during imbibition, and this increase continued even after germination. β-Glucosidase in cocklebur seeds was more active in the axial than in the cotyledonary tissue. Amygdalin, prunasin and linamarin could all serve as substrattes for the β-glucosidase(s) from both cocklebur and rice. Amygdalin, prunasin and linamarin as well as KCN, were effective in stimulating the germination of upper cocklebur seeds. The seeds evolved much more free HCN gas when they were exposed to the Cyanogenic Glycosides than when the Glycosides were absent. Moreover, the application of the Cyanogenic Glycosides or of KCN caused accumulation of bound HCN in the seeds. Carbon monoxide, which stimulated cocklebur seed germination only slightly, did not cause accumulation of bound HCN. We suggest that a balance between the cytochrome and the alternative respiration pathways, which is adequate for germination (Esashi et al. 1987. Plant Cell Physiol. 28: 141–150), may be brought about by the action of endogenous HCN; a large portion of which is liberated from Cyanogenic Glycosides via the action of β-glucosidase. In addition to the partial suppression of the cytochrome path and unlike carbon monoxide, the HCN thus produced may act to supply cyanide group(s) to unknown compounds necessary for germination.
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β‐Glucosidase activities and HCN liberation in unimbibed and imbibed seeds, and the induction of cocklebur seed germination by Cyanogenic Glycosides
Physiologia Plantarum, 1991Co-Authors: Yohji Esashi, Shinichi Matsuyama, Hiroki Ashino, Maria Ogasawara, Ryo HasegawaAbstract:In many seed species, the major source of HCN evolved during water imbibition is Cyanogenic Glycosides. The present investigation was performed to elucidate the role of endogenous Cyanogenic Glycosides in the control of seed germination and to examine the involvment of β-glucosidase in this process. All seed species used here contained some activities of β-glucosidase already in the dry state before imbibition. in the decreasing order of Malus pumila, Daucus carota, Hordeum vulgare, Chenopodium album and so on. β-Gluosidase activity in upper and lower seeds of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) decreased with imbibition, and in lower seeds the activity disappeared when they germinated. On the contrary, in caryopses of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Sasanishiki) β-glucosidase increased during imbibition, and this increase continued even after germination. β-Glucosidase in cocklebur seeds was more active in the axial than in the cotyledonary tissue. Amygdalin, prunasin and linamarin could all serve as substrattes for the β-glucosidase(s) from both cocklebur and rice. Amygdalin, prunasin and linamarin as well as KCN, were effective in stimulating the germination of upper cocklebur seeds. The seeds evolved much more free HCN gas when they were exposed to the Cyanogenic Glycosides than when the Glycosides were absent. Moreover, the application of the Cyanogenic Glycosides or of KCN caused accumulation of bound HCN in the seeds. Carbon monoxide, which stimulated cocklebur seed germination only slightly, did not cause accumulation of bound HCN. We suggest that a balance between the cytochrome and the alternative respiration pathways, which is adequate for germination (Esashi et al. 1987. Plant Cell Physiol. 28: 141–150), may be brought about by the action of endogenous HCN; a large portion of which is liberated from Cyanogenic Glycosides via the action of β-glucosidase. In addition to the partial suppression of the cytochrome path and unlike carbon monoxide, the HCN thus produced may act to supply cyanide group(s) to unknown compounds necessary for germination.
Karin Forslund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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settling behaviour of rhopalosiphum padi l in relation to Cyanogenic Glycosides and gramine contents in barley
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 1998Co-Authors: Karin Forslund, Jan Pettersson, Elham Ahmed, Lisbeth JonssonAbstract:In order to examine whether the content of Cyanogenic Glycosides or gramine in barley affects the host plant preference of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), two‐choice settling tests were performed with R. padi on different barley varieties with varying amounts of these compounds. The total concentration of Cyanogenic Glycosides in barley shoots, as determined in 59 varieties, varied between 20 and 1200 nmol (g fw)−1. Of the 59 varieties, six with high [>700 nmol (g fw)−1], six with intermediate [450–650 nmol (g fw)−1] and six with low [<200 nmol (g fw)‐l] content of Cyanogenic Glycosides were chosen for preference tests with R. padi. The content of gramine was determined in these 18 chosen varieties and was generally either low (close to 0) or high [about 2 μmol (g fw)−1]. There was no correlation between Cyanogenic glycoside and gramine content. The aphids did not discriminate between varieties with high, intermediate or low content of Cyanogenic Glycosides in combinations with high or low gramine cont...
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Settling behaviour of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) in relation to Cyanogenic Glycosides and gramine contents in barley
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 1998Co-Authors: Karin Forslund, Jan Pettersson, Elham Ahmed, Lisbeth JonssonAbstract:In order to examine whether the content of Cyanogenic Glycosides or gramine in barley affects the host plant preference of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), two‐choice settling tests were performed with R. padi on different barley varieties with varying amounts of these compounds. The total concentration of Cyanogenic Glycosides in barley shoots, as determined in 59 varieties, varied between 20 and 1200 nmol (g fw)−1. Of the 59 varieties, six with high [>700 nmol (g fw)−1], six with intermediate [450–650 nmol (g fw)−1] and six with low [
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Cyanogenic Glycosides and their metabolic enzymes in barley, in relation to nitrogen levels
Physiologia Plantarum, 1997Co-Authors: Karin Forslund, Lisbeth JonssonAbstract:The possible role for Cyanogenic Glycosides as nitrogen storage compounds was studied in barley, Hordeum vulgare (cv. Golf), cultivated under different nitrogen regimes. Cyanogenic Glycosides were absent in seeds and roots but were synthesized in seedlings where they accumulated at a level of about 150 nmol shoot -1 in control plants and 110 nmol shoot -1 in nitrogen-starved plants. An enzyme involved in the breakdown of Cyanogenic Glycosides, β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.-) exhibited high activity in seeds and was also detected in roots and shoots. The activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase (EC 4.4.1.9), which is involved in the metabolism of HCN, was low in seeds but very high in roots and shoots. There was no correlation between the activities of the two enzymes and the content of Cyanogenic Glycosides or nitrogen. The relative content of nitrogen in Cyanogenic Glycosides never exceeded 0.3% of total nitrogen, and the amount of Cyanogenic Glycosides decreased at a low rate even at a stage when nitrogen limitation inhibited growth.
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Cyanogenic Glycosides and their metabolic enzymes in barley in relation to nitrogen levels.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 1997Co-Authors: Karin ForslundAbstract:Cyanogenic Glycosides and their metabolic enzymes in barley in relation to nitrogen levels.
Chao-mei Ma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simultaneous Quantification of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside and Cyanogenic Glycosides in Flaxseed Products by Various Processing Methods
Food Analytical Methods, 2013Co-Authors: Ya-li Wang, Jian-nan Ma, Masao Hattori, Chao-mei MaAbstract:Two Cyanogenic Glycosides (linustatin and neolinustatin) and sucrose were isolated from defatted flaxseed, and their structures were determined by NMR spectral analysis and comparison with existing data. Using secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and the Cyanogenic Glycosides as standards, we developed a method to quantify the three compounds simultaneously by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Using this tool, flaxseed powder—processed by various methods—was analyzed with regard to the contents of the beneficial compound, SDG, and the toxic compounds, Cyanogenic Glycosides. The levels of SDG in samples treated with alkaline solution are much higher than in samples without treatment, and in general, the levels of linustatin and neolinustatin in flaxseed powder decreased progressively as heating time is prolonged after treatment with alkaline solutions.
