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Krystelle Shaughnessy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the partner context of sexual minority women s and men s Cybersex experiences implications for the traditional sexual script
Sex Roles, 2018Co-Authors: Erin Leigh Courtice, Krystelle ShaughnessyAbstract:Cybersex refers to a subgroup of interactive, interpersonal online sexual activities. People can engage in Cybersex with three types of partners: (a) a primary committed partner, (b) a known non-partner, and, (c) a stranger. These partner types differ in degree of anonymity—one of five characteristics that make the internet appealing for sexual activity according to the Quin-A Engine. Previously, researchers have found that the partner context of heterosexual people’s Cybersex experiences largely conform to the traditional sexual script (TSS; a cultural set of norms that incorporates traditional gender roles). However, researchers have not examined whether the TSS is apparent in sexual minority people’s Cybersex experiences. The goal of the present study was to examine the role of anonymity and sexual scripts in sexual minority women’s and men’s Cybersex experiences. Sexual minority women (n = 143) and men (n = 103) completed an online survey that included questions about lifetime prevalence and frequency of Cybersex within each partner context. Findings demonstrated that more women engaged in Cybersex with a primary partner compared to men, and that more men than women reported Cybersex outside a committed-partner context and engaged in it more frequently. Implications for sexual education, clinical practice, and personal safety navigation for sexual minority people are discussed.
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The Partner Context of Sexual Minority Women’s and Men’s Cybersex Experiences: Implications for the Traditional Sexual Script
Sex Roles, 2017Co-Authors: Erin Leigh Courtice, Krystelle ShaughnessyAbstract:Cybersex refers to a subgroup of interactive, interpersonal online sexual activities. People can engage in Cybersex with three types of partners: (a) a primary committed partner, (b) a known non-partner, and, (c) a stranger. These partner types differ in degree of anonymity—one of five characteristics that make the internet appealing for sexual activity according to the Quin-A Engine. Previously, researchers have found that the partner context of heterosexual people’s Cybersex experiences largely conform to the traditional sexual script (TSS; a cultural set of norms that incorporates traditional gender roles). However, researchers have not examined whether the TSS is apparent in sexual minority people’s Cybersex experiences. The goal of the present study was to examine the role of anonymity and sexual scripts in sexual minority women’s and men’s Cybersex experiences. Sexual minority women (n = 143) and men (n = 103) completed an online survey that included questions about lifetime prevalence and frequency of Cybersex within each partner context. Findings demonstrated that more women engaged in Cybersex with a primary partner compared to men, and that more men than women reported Cybersex outside a committed-partner context and engaged in it more frequently. Implications for sexual education, clinical practice, and personal safety navigation for sexual minority people are discussed.
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Contextualizing Cybersex experience
Computers in Human Behavior, 2014Co-Authors: Krystelle Shaughnessy, E. Sandra ByersAbstract:People engage in Cybersex with primary partners, known non-partners, and strangers.The most anonymous Cybersex context, with a stranger, was least common and frequent.People who desired more frequent Cybersex in one context also did so in the others.Men desired more frequent Cybersex with all types of partners than women.Men engaged in more frequent Cybersex with strangers but not with known partners. Cybersex is a constellation of partnered, online sexual activities; yet, researchers have not considered the relationship between participants. In this study, we examined Cybersex within three partner contexts that differ in their degree of anonymity: primary partner, someone known who was not a partner (known non-partner), and stranger. Participants were 105 men and 264 women who reported at least one Cybersex experience. They completed an online survey that included measures of the incidence, frequency, and desired frequency of Cybersex within each partner context. Significantly more men and women reported that they had engaged in Cybersex with a primary partner compared to a known non-partner and stranger. Participants also desired significantly more frequent Cybersex in this context. Compared to the women, the men desired significantly more frequent Cybersex overall but only engaged in more frequent Cybersex with a stranger. Within partner contexts, there was a positive association between desired and enacted frequency. In addition, participants who desired more frequent Cybersex within one partner context also desired more frequent Cybersex within other partner contexts. The findings suggest that to fully understand Cybersex experience it is necessary to consider gender and the degree of anonymity in the partner context.
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What is Cybersex? Heterosexual Students’ Definitions
International Journal of Sexual Health, 2011Co-Authors: Krystelle Shaughnessy, Sandra E. Byers, Sara Jane ThorntonAbstract:ABSTRACT This study examined university students’ definitions of Cybersex. Participants (N = 292) provided a written definition of the term “Cybersex” and completed background, Cybersex, and online sexual activity measures. Qualitative analysis of the written definitions revealed eight content categories and two broad conceptualizations in the data. Cybersex was consistently defined as an interactive activity. However, definitions also reflected substantial individual variability. Individuals who reported “Cybersex experience” were more likely to report having engaged in partnered online sexual activities than in online sexual activities without a partner. The findings also point to the need for clear, consistent operational definitions of the term “Cybersex.”
Rafael Ballester-arnal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sexuality in the Internet Era: Expressions of Hispanic Adolescent and Young People
Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 2017Co-Authors: Rafael Ballester-arnal, Jesús Castro-calvo, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcía, Georgina Cárdenas-lópezAbstract:ABSTRACTCybersex is an important manifestation of sexuality among adolescents and young people. However, there is not enough information about this sexual expression, in particular, in cultures such as Latino culture, which has a traditional perception of human sexuality. This study evaluates online sexual activity among Hispanic adolescent and young people. For this purpose, 2,227 participants from Mexico and Spain (between 15 and 25 years old) completed the Internet Sex Screening Test. Our findings reveal that the most common use of Cybersex is recreational, although men and women show risk for Cybersex abuse. This is associated with pornography consumption, anal sex, sexual orientation, and gender for adolescent and young people. The more conservative and gendered tradition seems to modulate some aspects of Cybersex in both groups, who have revealed some differences in their behaviors. Therefore, Cybersex is also an expression of sexuality among Hispanic adolescent and young people and should be consid...
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Cybersex Addiction: A Study on Spanish College Students.
Journal of sex & marital therapy, 2016Co-Authors: Rafael Ballester-arnal, Jesús Castro Calvo, M. Dolores Gil-llario, Beatriz Gil-juliáAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the type and frequency of online sexual practices among Spanish college students, the prevalence of risk and pathological Cybersex use profiles, and the correlates/predictors of this behavior. Participants were 1,557 males and females between 18 and 25 years old. Results showed that Cybersex use is not as frequent as that documented in other Western countries. However, a significant percentage of participants with a risky (8.6%) or pathological (1.7% in men and 0.1% in women) profile was identified. Finally, we found a set of variables that, in interaction with gender, explains 58% of the variance for Cybersex addiction scores.
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Common etiological pathways between toxic substance use, Internet and Cybersex addiction
Computers in Human Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Jesús Castro-calvo, Rafael Ballester-arnal, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcíaAbstract:This study examined Internet and Cybersex addiction in adolescents and how such behaviour was associated with substance use (in particular, cigarettes, alcohol, and drug use). Participants were 312 adolescents, aged 14-16, who completed survey instruments. Study measures included demographic, toxic substance use, expectancies toward substances consumption, antisocial deviance proneness, Internet, and Cybersex addiction variables. Descriptive, bivariate analyses, exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses, and structural Equation Modeling were performed. Nearly 60%, 26%, and 25% of adolescents reported having drunk alcohol, used drugs and smoked cigarettes respectively. Prevalence of Internet and Cybersex risk scores was 23.3% and 6.8% respectively. Adolescents who reported having drunk alcohol, smoked cigarettes, or used drugs were more likely to report higher scores on both the Internet and the Cybersex addiction scales. Proposed structural equation model explained between 25% and 42% of the variance of toxic substance use, 22% of the Internet addiction score, and 17% of Cybersex addiction score. Expectancies toward substances consumption and antisocial deviance had a direct and significant influence on the study variables. Therefore, the overlap between substance use and Internet and Cybersex addiction is the result of two common etiological pathways: positives expectancies toward substances consumption and a general tendency to antisocial behaviour. 60%, 26%, and 25% reported having drunk alcohol, used drugs and smoked respectively.Prevalence of Internet and Cybersex risk profiles was 23.3% and 6.8% respectively.Internet and Cybersex use is increased among adolescents who have used toxic substances.Cybersex and Internet severity share common etiological pathways with toxic substances use.
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Full length articleCybersex in the “Net generation”: Online sexual activities among Spanish adolescents
Computers in Human Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Rafael Ballester-arnal, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcía, Jesús Castro-calvoAbstract:The internet offers several opportunities to explore sexuality among adolescents. However, some studies have also revealed problematic effects of Cybersex in earlier stages. Despite this, few studies analyze the online sexual behavior among adolescents, even less in Spain where there is very little data. For this reason, our aim is to examine the use of internet for sexual purposes among Spanish adolescents, including gender differences. Three hundred and twenty-two adolescents completed an ad-hoc questionnaire and the Spanish version of the Internet Sex Screening Test. In general, boys report more Cybersex than girls do, for example, in masturbating while the Internet (60.6% of boys and 7.3% of girls). In addition, internet sex interferes with lifestyles more frequently in boys (12.7% of them) than in girls (4.7% of them). Moreover, according to linear regression, variables such as general pornography use or oral sex seem to be connected to Cybersex for both groups, while same-sex behaviors are more associated with Cybersex for boys and masturbation for girls. Therefore, these findings support the existence of Cybersex among Spanish adolescents (ranging from 3.1% to 60.6% in boys and 0%–11.5% in girls for some online sexual activities), including certain problematic behaviors (8.6% of boys show a risk profile), and the relevance of gender in its analysis. These results should be considered in prevention and support strategies.
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Relationship Status as an Influence on Cybersex Activity: Cybersex, Youth, and Steady Partner
Journal of sex & marital therapy, 2013Co-Authors: Rafael Ballester-arnal, Jesús Castro-calvo, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcíaAbstract:The authors focus on the influence of participants’ having or not having a steady partner when reference to Cybersex use. Participants were 1,239 young, Spanish individuals who completed the Internet Sex Screening Test. Results showed the influence of being in a relationship on certain consumption dimensions of Cybersex; the influence was found to be greater in men than in women. In general, Cybersex activity was higher for single participants, although it was also significant for participants with a steady partner. The authors’ findings facilitate the comprehension of the effect of new technologies in intimate human relationships.
Matthias Brand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Subjective Craving for Pornography and Associative Learning Predict Tendencies Towards Cybersex Addiction in a Sample of Regular Cybersex Users
Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 2016Co-Authors: Jan Snagowski, Christian Laier, Theodora Duka, Matthias BrandAbstract:ABSTRACTThere is no consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria of Cybersex addiction. Some approaches postulate similarities to substance dependencies, for which associative learning is a crucial mechanism. In this study, 86 heterosexual males completed a Standard Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer Task modified with pornographic pictures to investigate associative learning in Cybersex addiction. Additionally, subjective craving due to watching pornographic pictures and tendencies towards Cybersex addiction were assessed. Results showed an effect of subjective craving on tendencies towards Cybersex addiction, moderated by associative learning. Thus, these findings indicate that such interactions might be crucial for the development of Cybersex addiction.
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kognitive kontrollprozesse und Cybersex addiction
Suchttherapie, 2015Co-Authors: Matthias Brand, J Schiebener, J SnagowskiAbstract:Einleitung: Eine Form der Pathologischen Internetnutzung ist die exzessive und suchtige Nutzung von Cybersex. Im theoretischen Rahmenmodell einer spezifischen Internetsucht (Brand, Young & Laier, 2014), das fur Cybersex addiction konkretisiert wurde (Laier & Brand, 2014), wird angenommen, dass spezifische Pradispositionen, z.B. eine erhohte sexuelle Erregbarkeit, in Kombination mit spezifischen Cybersexnutzungserwartungen die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung einer Cybersex addiction begunstigen. Im Kontext der Entwicklung von Cue-reactivity und Craving bei Konfrontation mit pornografischen Reizen sollte es zu einer Interferenz mit kognitiven Kontrollprozessen kommen. In der Forschung zu substanzgebundenen Suchten werden Paradigmen wie beispielsweise eine Approach-Avoidance-Task oder Mase zur Erfassung von Exekutivfunktionen eingesetzt, um geminderte Kontrollprozesse zu untersuchen. In zwei Studien wurden Monitoringprozesse und Approach-Avoidance-Tendenzen bei Anwesenheit von pornografischen Bildern untersucht. Methoden: In Studie 1 wurden 104 heterosexuelle Manner mit der Balanced-Switching-Task (BST; Schiebener et al., 2014), modifiziert fur Cybersex, untersucht. In dieser Aufgabe muss zwischen einem Set von pornografischen Bildern und einem mit neutralen Bildern gewechselt werden, wobei innerhalb jedes Sets die Bilder anhand zweier Kriterien beurteilt werden mussen. Die Probanden sollen alle vier Teilaufgaben gleichmasig bearbeiten, indem sie zwischen den beiden Sets und innerhalb eines jeden Sets zwischen den beiden Teilaufgaben selbstbestimmt wechseln. In Studie 2 wurden 123 heterosexuelle Probanden mit einer Approach-Avoidance-Task (AAT; Rinck & Becker, 2007), modifiziert fur Cybersex, untersucht. Hierbei sollten die Probanden mittels Joystick pornografische Bilder bzw. neutrale Bilder schnellstmoglich heranziehen/vergrosern oder wegdrucken/verkleinern. Der Kompatibilitatsscore gibt die relative Starke der Aufsuch- oder Vermeidungstendenz bezuglich pornografischer Bilder an. In beiden Studien wurden zusatzlich diverse Fragebogen eingesetzt, insbesondere der short Internet Addiction Test, modifiziert fur Cybersex (s-IATsex, Laier et al., 2013). Ergebnisse: Eine ungleichmasigere Bearbeitung der BST kovariierte mit einer starkeren Tendenz zu Cybersex addiction (s-IATsex Score). Die Richtung der Abweichung zeigte einen U-formigen Zusammenhang mit dem s-IATsex. Ebenso war der Kompatibilitatsscore in der AAT mit dem s-IATsex U-formig korreliert. Der Kompatibilitatsscore im AAT moderierte zudem den Zusammenhang zwischen der sexuellen Erregbarkeit und dem s-IATsex. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse bestatigen die Grundannahmen des Modells von Laier und Brand (2014) indem sie zeigen, dass spezifische kognitive Kontrollprozesse bei Konfrontation mit suchtrelevantem Material eine wesentliche Rolle im Kontext von Cybersex addiction spielen. Die Ergebnisse beider Studien bestatigen zudem Annahmen von Breiner et al. (1999), dass sowohl Aufsuch- als auch Vermeidungstendenzen Ausdruck eines suchtigen Verhaltens sein konnen, die durch positive und negative Verstarkung bzw. positive und negative Aspekte des Cravings erklart werden konnen.
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Symptoms of Cybersex addiction can be linked to both approaching and avoiding pornographic stimuli: results from an analog sample of regular Cybersex users.
Frontiers in psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Jan Snagowski, Matthias BrandAbstract:The phenomenology, classification, and diagnostic criteria of Cybersex addiction are discussed controversial. Some approaches point towards similarities to substance dependencies for which approach/avoidance tendencies are crucial mechanisms. Several researchers have argued that within an addiction-related decision situation, individuals might either show tendencies to approach or avoid addiction-related stimuli. In the current study 123 heterosexual males completed an Approach-Avoidance-Task (AAT; Rinck & Becker, 2007) modified with pornographic pictures. During the AAT participants either had to push pornographic stimuli away or pull them towards themselves with a joystick. Sensitivity towards sexual excitation, problematic sexual behavior, and tendencies towards Cybersex addiction were assessed with questionnaires. Results showed that individuals with tendencies towards Cybersex addiction tended to either approach or avoid pornographic stimuli. Additionally, moderated regression analyses revealed that individuals with high sexual excitation and problematic sexual behavior who showed high approach/avoidance tendencies, reported higher symptoms of Cybersex addiction. Analogous to substance dependencies, results suggest that both approach and avoidance tendencies might play a role in Cybersex addiction. Moreover, an interaction with sensitivity towards sexual excitation and problematic sexual behavior could have an accumulating effect on the severity of subjective complaints in everyday life due to Cybersex use. The findings provide further empirical evidence for similarities between Cybersex addiction and substance dependencies. Such similarities could be retraced to a comparable neural processing of Cybersex- and drug-related cues.
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Implicit associations in Cybersex addiction: Adaption of an Implicit Association Test with pornographic pictures
Addictive behaviors, 2015Co-Authors: Jan Snagowski, Christian Laier, Jaroslaw Pekal, Elisa Wegmann, Matthias BrandAbstract:Recent studies show similarities between Cybersex addiction and substance dependencies and argue to classify Cybersex addiction as a behavioral addiction. In substance dependency, implicit associations are known to play a crucial role, and such implicit associations have not been studied in Cybersex addiction, so far. In this experimental study, 128 heterosexual male participants completed an Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) modified with pornographic pictures. Further, problematic sexual behavior, sensitivity towards sexual excitation, tendencies towards Cybersex addiction, and subjective craving due to watching pornographic pictures were assessed. Results show positive relationships between implicit associations of pornographic pictures with positive emotions and tendencies towards Cybersex addiction, problematic sexual behavior, sensitivity towards sexual excitation as well as subjective craving. Moreover, a moderated regression analysis revealed that individuals who reported high subjective craving and showed positive implicit associations of pornographic pictures with positive emotions, particularly tended towards Cybersex addiction. The findings suggest a potential role of positive implicit associations with pornographic pictures in the development and maintenance of Cybersex addiction. Moreover, the results of the current study are comparable to findings from substance dependency research and emphasize analogies between Cybersex addiction and substance dependencies or other behavioral addictions.
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Getting stuck with pornography? Overuse or neglect of Cybersex cues in a multitasking situation is related to symptoms of Cybersex addiction.
Journal of behavioral addictions, 2015Co-Authors: Johannes Schiebener, Christian Laier, Matthias BrandAbstract:Background and aims Some individuals consume Cybersex contents, such as pornographic material, in an addictive manner, which leads to severe negative consequences in private life or work. One mechanism leading to negative consequences may be reduced executive control over cognition and behavior that may be necessary to realize goal-oriented switching between Cybersex use and other tasks and obligations of life.
Jesús Castro-calvo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sexuality in the Internet Era: Expressions of Hispanic Adolescent and Young People
Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 2017Co-Authors: Rafael Ballester-arnal, Jesús Castro-calvo, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcía, Georgina Cárdenas-lópezAbstract:ABSTRACTCybersex is an important manifestation of sexuality among adolescents and young people. However, there is not enough information about this sexual expression, in particular, in cultures such as Latino culture, which has a traditional perception of human sexuality. This study evaluates online sexual activity among Hispanic adolescent and young people. For this purpose, 2,227 participants from Mexico and Spain (between 15 and 25 years old) completed the Internet Sex Screening Test. Our findings reveal that the most common use of Cybersex is recreational, although men and women show risk for Cybersex abuse. This is associated with pornography consumption, anal sex, sexual orientation, and gender for adolescent and young people. The more conservative and gendered tradition seems to modulate some aspects of Cybersex in both groups, who have revealed some differences in their behaviors. Therefore, Cybersex is also an expression of sexuality among Hispanic adolescent and young people and should be consid...
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Common etiological pathways between toxic substance use, Internet and Cybersex addiction
Computers in Human Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Jesús Castro-calvo, Rafael Ballester-arnal, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcíaAbstract:This study examined Internet and Cybersex addiction in adolescents and how such behaviour was associated with substance use (in particular, cigarettes, alcohol, and drug use). Participants were 312 adolescents, aged 14-16, who completed survey instruments. Study measures included demographic, toxic substance use, expectancies toward substances consumption, antisocial deviance proneness, Internet, and Cybersex addiction variables. Descriptive, bivariate analyses, exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses, and structural Equation Modeling were performed. Nearly 60%, 26%, and 25% of adolescents reported having drunk alcohol, used drugs and smoked cigarettes respectively. Prevalence of Internet and Cybersex risk scores was 23.3% and 6.8% respectively. Adolescents who reported having drunk alcohol, smoked cigarettes, or used drugs were more likely to report higher scores on both the Internet and the Cybersex addiction scales. Proposed structural equation model explained between 25% and 42% of the variance of toxic substance use, 22% of the Internet addiction score, and 17% of Cybersex addiction score. Expectancies toward substances consumption and antisocial deviance had a direct and significant influence on the study variables. Therefore, the overlap between substance use and Internet and Cybersex addiction is the result of two common etiological pathways: positives expectancies toward substances consumption and a general tendency to antisocial behaviour. 60%, 26%, and 25% reported having drunk alcohol, used drugs and smoked respectively.Prevalence of Internet and Cybersex risk profiles was 23.3% and 6.8% respectively.Internet and Cybersex use is increased among adolescents who have used toxic substances.Cybersex and Internet severity share common etiological pathways with toxic substances use.
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Full length articleCybersex in the “Net generation”: Online sexual activities among Spanish adolescents
Computers in Human Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Rafael Ballester-arnal, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcía, Jesús Castro-calvoAbstract:The internet offers several opportunities to explore sexuality among adolescents. However, some studies have also revealed problematic effects of Cybersex in earlier stages. Despite this, few studies analyze the online sexual behavior among adolescents, even less in Spain where there is very little data. For this reason, our aim is to examine the use of internet for sexual purposes among Spanish adolescents, including gender differences. Three hundred and twenty-two adolescents completed an ad-hoc questionnaire and the Spanish version of the Internet Sex Screening Test. In general, boys report more Cybersex than girls do, for example, in masturbating while the Internet (60.6% of boys and 7.3% of girls). In addition, internet sex interferes with lifestyles more frequently in boys (12.7% of them) than in girls (4.7% of them). Moreover, according to linear regression, variables such as general pornography use or oral sex seem to be connected to Cybersex for both groups, while same-sex behaviors are more associated with Cybersex for boys and masturbation for girls. Therefore, these findings support the existence of Cybersex among Spanish adolescents (ranging from 3.1% to 60.6% in boys and 0%–11.5% in girls for some online sexual activities), including certain problematic behaviors (8.6% of boys show a risk profile), and the relevance of gender in its analysis. These results should be considered in prevention and support strategies.
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Relationship Status as an Influence on Cybersex Activity: Cybersex, Youth, and Steady Partner
Journal of sex & marital therapy, 2013Co-Authors: Rafael Ballester-arnal, Jesús Castro-calvo, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcíaAbstract:The authors focus on the influence of participants’ having or not having a steady partner when reference to Cybersex use. Participants were 1,239 young, Spanish individuals who completed the Internet Sex Screening Test. Results showed the influence of being in a relationship on certain consumption dimensions of Cybersex; the influence was found to be greater in men than in women. In general, Cybersex activity was higher for single participants, although it was also significant for participants with a steady partner. The authors’ findings facilitate the comprehension of the effect of new technologies in intimate human relationships.
Cristina Giménez-garcía - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sexuality in the Internet Era: Expressions of Hispanic Adolescent and Young People
Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 2017Co-Authors: Rafael Ballester-arnal, Jesús Castro-calvo, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcía, Georgina Cárdenas-lópezAbstract:ABSTRACTCybersex is an important manifestation of sexuality among adolescents and young people. However, there is not enough information about this sexual expression, in particular, in cultures such as Latino culture, which has a traditional perception of human sexuality. This study evaluates online sexual activity among Hispanic adolescent and young people. For this purpose, 2,227 participants from Mexico and Spain (between 15 and 25 years old) completed the Internet Sex Screening Test. Our findings reveal that the most common use of Cybersex is recreational, although men and women show risk for Cybersex abuse. This is associated with pornography consumption, anal sex, sexual orientation, and gender for adolescent and young people. The more conservative and gendered tradition seems to modulate some aspects of Cybersex in both groups, who have revealed some differences in their behaviors. Therefore, Cybersex is also an expression of sexuality among Hispanic adolescent and young people and should be consid...
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Common etiological pathways between toxic substance use, Internet and Cybersex addiction
Computers in Human Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Jesús Castro-calvo, Rafael Ballester-arnal, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcíaAbstract:This study examined Internet and Cybersex addiction in adolescents and how such behaviour was associated with substance use (in particular, cigarettes, alcohol, and drug use). Participants were 312 adolescents, aged 14-16, who completed survey instruments. Study measures included demographic, toxic substance use, expectancies toward substances consumption, antisocial deviance proneness, Internet, and Cybersex addiction variables. Descriptive, bivariate analyses, exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses, and structural Equation Modeling were performed. Nearly 60%, 26%, and 25% of adolescents reported having drunk alcohol, used drugs and smoked cigarettes respectively. Prevalence of Internet and Cybersex risk scores was 23.3% and 6.8% respectively. Adolescents who reported having drunk alcohol, smoked cigarettes, or used drugs were more likely to report higher scores on both the Internet and the Cybersex addiction scales. Proposed structural equation model explained between 25% and 42% of the variance of toxic substance use, 22% of the Internet addiction score, and 17% of Cybersex addiction score. Expectancies toward substances consumption and antisocial deviance had a direct and significant influence on the study variables. Therefore, the overlap between substance use and Internet and Cybersex addiction is the result of two common etiological pathways: positives expectancies toward substances consumption and a general tendency to antisocial behaviour. 60%, 26%, and 25% reported having drunk alcohol, used drugs and smoked respectively.Prevalence of Internet and Cybersex risk profiles was 23.3% and 6.8% respectively.Internet and Cybersex use is increased among adolescents who have used toxic substances.Cybersex and Internet severity share common etiological pathways with toxic substances use.
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Full length articleCybersex in the “Net generation”: Online sexual activities among Spanish adolescents
Computers in Human Behavior, 2016Co-Authors: Rafael Ballester-arnal, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcía, Jesús Castro-calvoAbstract:The internet offers several opportunities to explore sexuality among adolescents. However, some studies have also revealed problematic effects of Cybersex in earlier stages. Despite this, few studies analyze the online sexual behavior among adolescents, even less in Spain where there is very little data. For this reason, our aim is to examine the use of internet for sexual purposes among Spanish adolescents, including gender differences. Three hundred and twenty-two adolescents completed an ad-hoc questionnaire and the Spanish version of the Internet Sex Screening Test. In general, boys report more Cybersex than girls do, for example, in masturbating while the Internet (60.6% of boys and 7.3% of girls). In addition, internet sex interferes with lifestyles more frequently in boys (12.7% of them) than in girls (4.7% of them). Moreover, according to linear regression, variables such as general pornography use or oral sex seem to be connected to Cybersex for both groups, while same-sex behaviors are more associated with Cybersex for boys and masturbation for girls. Therefore, these findings support the existence of Cybersex among Spanish adolescents (ranging from 3.1% to 60.6% in boys and 0%–11.5% in girls for some online sexual activities), including certain problematic behaviors (8.6% of boys show a risk profile), and the relevance of gender in its analysis. These results should be considered in prevention and support strategies.
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Relationship Status as an Influence on Cybersex Activity: Cybersex, Youth, and Steady Partner
Journal of sex & marital therapy, 2013Co-Authors: Rafael Ballester-arnal, Jesús Castro-calvo, María Dolores Gil-llario, Cristina Giménez-garcíaAbstract:The authors focus on the influence of participants’ having or not having a steady partner when reference to Cybersex use. Participants were 1,239 young, Spanish individuals who completed the Internet Sex Screening Test. Results showed the influence of being in a relationship on certain consumption dimensions of Cybersex; the influence was found to be greater in men than in women. In general, Cybersex activity was higher for single participants, although it was also significant for participants with a steady partner. The authors’ findings facilitate the comprehension of the effect of new technologies in intimate human relationships.
