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Peter Witzgall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Candidate pheromone receptors of codling moth Cydia pomonella respond to pheromones and kairomones
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Alberto Maria Cattaneo, Peter Witzgall, William B Walker, Francisco Gonzalez, Jonas M. Bengtsson, Elizabeth A. Corey, Emmanuelle Jacquin-joly, Nicolas Montagné, Umberto Salvagnin, Gianfranco AnforaAbstract:Olfaction plays a dominant role in the mate-finding and host selection behaviours of the codling moth ( Cydia pomonella ), an important pest of apple, pear and walnut orchards worldwide. Antennal transcriptome analysis revealed a number of abundantly expressed genes related to the moth olfactory system, including those encoding the olfactory receptors (ORs) CpomOR1, CpomOR3 and CpomOR6a, which belong to the pheromone receptor (PR) lineage, and the co-receptor (CpomOrco). Using heterologous expression, in both Drosophila olfactory sensory neurones and in human embryonic kidney cells, together with electrophysiological recordings and calcium imaging, we characterize the basic physiological and pharmacological properties of these receptors and demonstrate that they form functional ionotropic receptor channels. Both the homomeric CpomOrco and heteromeric CpomOrco + OR complexes can be activated by the common Orco agonists VUAA1 and VUAA3, as well as inhibited by the common Orco antagonists amiloride derivatives. CpomOR3 responds to the plant volatile compound pear ester ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, while CpomOR6a responds to the strong pheromone antagonist codlemone acetate (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate. These findings represent important breakthroughs in the deorphanization of codling moth pheromone receptors, as well as more broadly into insect ecology and evolution and, consequently, for the development of sustainable pest control strategies based on manipulating chemosensory communication.
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the chemosensory receptors of codling moth Cydia pomonella expression in larvae and adults
Scientific Reports, 2016Co-Authors: Francisco Gonzalez, William B Walker, Stephen F Garczynski, Peter WitzgallAbstract:Olfaction and gustation play critical roles in the life history of insects, mediating vital behaviors such as food, mate and host seeking. Chemosensory receptor proteins, including odorant receptors (ORs), gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs) function to interface the insect with its chemical environment. Codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a worldwide pest of apple, pear and walnut, and behavior-modifying semiochemicals are used for environmentally safe control. We produced an Illumina-based transcriptome from antennae of males and females as well as neonate head tissue, affording a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the codling moth chemosensory receptor repertoire. We identified 58 ORs, 20 GRs and 21 IRs, and provide a revised nomenclature that is consistent with homologous sequences in related species. Importantly, we have identified several OR transcripts displaying sex-biased expression in adults, as well as larval-enriched transcripts. Our analyses have expanded annotations of the chemosensory receptor gene families, and provide first-time transcript abundance estimates for codling moth. The results presented here provide a strong foundation for future work on codling moth behavioral physiology and ecology at the molecular level, and may lead to the development of more precise biorational control strategies.
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a predicted sex pheromone receptor of codling moth Cydia pomonella detects the plant volatile pear ester
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 2014Co-Authors: Jonas M. Bengtsson, G Anfora, Marie Bengtsson, William B Walker, Francisco Gonzalez, Nicolas Montagné, Alberto Cattaneo, Rickard Ignell, Emmanuelle Jacquinjoly, Peter WitzgallAbstract:Plant volatiles mediate host discrimination and host finding in phytophagous insects. Understanding how insects recognize these signals is a current challenge in chemical ecology research. Pear ester, ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, is a powerful, bisexual attractant of codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and strongly synergizes the male response to female-produced sex pheromone. We show here that the codling moth odorant receptor (OR) CpomOR3 is dedicated to detecting this plant volatile. Heterologous expression of CpomOR3 in Drosophila T1 trichoid and ab3A basiconic sensilla, followed by a screening with codling moth pheromone compounds and known plant volatile attractants, confirms that CpomOR3 binds to pear ester. Although CpomOR3 does not respond to any of the pheromone components tested, a phylogenetic analysis of lepidopteran chemosensory receptor genes reveals a close relationship of CpomOR3 with pheromone receptors (PRs) in moths. This corroborates the interaction of ecological and social chemosensory cues during premating communication. The finding that a plant volatile compound, pear ester, is a specific ligand for a PR-like lepidopteran receptor adds to our understanding of insect-plant interactions and emphasizes the interaction of natural and sexual selection during the phylogenetic divergence of insect herbivores.
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Putative chemosensory receptors of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella,identified by antennal transcriptome analysis
PLoS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Jonas M. Bengtsson, Peter Witzgall, Nicolas Montagné, Frederica Trona, Anfora Gianfranco, Ignell Rickard, Emmanuelle JolyAbstract:The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is an important fruit pest worldwide. As nocturnal animals, adults depend to a large extent on olfactory cues for detection of food and mates, and, for females, oviposition sites. In insects, odor detection is mediated by odorant receptors (ORs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs), which ensure the specificity of the olfactory sensory neuron responses. In this study, our aim was to identify chemosensory receptors in the codling moth as a means to uncover new targets for behavioral interference. Using next-generation sequencing techniques, we identified a total of 43 candidate ORs, one gustatory receptor and 15 IRs in the antennal transcriptome. Through Blast and sequence similarity analyses we annotated the insect obligatory co-receptor ORco, five genes clustering in a conserved clade containing sex pheromone receptors, one homolog of the Bombyx mori female-enriched receptor BmorOR30 (but no homologs of the other B. mori female-enriched receptors) and one gene clustering in the sugar receptor family. Among the candidate IRs, we identified homologs of the two highly conserved co-receptors IR8a and IR25a, and one homolog of an IR involved in phenylethyl amine detection in Drosophila. Our results open for functional characterization of the chemosensory receptors of C. pomonella, with potential for new or refined applications of semiochemicals for control of this pest insect.
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host plant volatiles synergize response to sex pheromone in codling moth Cydia pomonella
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Zhihua Yang, Marie Bengtsson, Peter WitzgallAbstract:Plant volatile compounds synergize attraction of codling moth males Cydia pomonella to sex pheromone (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone). Several apple volatiles, known to elicit a strong antennal response, were tested in a wind tunnel. Two-component blends of 1 pg/min codlemone and 100 pg/min of either racemic linalool, (E)-β-farnesene, or (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol attracted significantly more males to the source than codlemone alone (60, 58, 56, and 37%, respectively). In comparison, a blend of codlemone and a known pheromone synergist, dodecanol, attracted 56% of the males tested. Blends of pheromone and plant volatiles in a 1:100 ratio attracted more males than 1:1 or 1:10,000 blends. Adding two or four of the most active plant compounds to codlemone did not enhance attraction over blends of codlemone plus single-plant compounds. Of the test compounds, only farnesol was attractive by itself; at a release rate of 10,000 pg/min, 16% of the males arrived at the source. However, attraction to a 1:10,000 blend of codlemone and farnesol (42%) was not significantly different from attraction to codlemone alone (37%). In contrast, a codlemone mimic, (E)-10-dodecadien-1-ol, which attracted 2% males by itself, had a strong antagonistic effect when blended in a 1:10,000 ratio with codlemone.
Hernández, Carmen Marcela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of Mastrus ridens Horstman (Hymenoptera: Incheumonidae) and Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as biological control agents of Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2015Co-Authors: Hernández, Carmen MarcelaAbstract:La carpocapsa (Cydia pomonella) es una de las plagas clave del cultivo de pomáceas en todo el mundo. En la Argentina, si bien actualmente se están implementando medidas de control de bajo impacto ambiental, como la técnica de confusión sexual, la principal forma de control continúa siendo el empleo de productos químicos. El objetivo general de esta tesis fue estudiar aspectos básicos de la biología de Mastrus ridens y Ascogaster quadridentata a los efectos de evaluar su potencial como agentes de control de Cydia pomonella en nuestro país. Los principales aportes de este trabajo son: -Disponibilidad de un sistema de cría a nivel experimental para M. ridens y A. quadridentata en condiciones de laboratorio. -Conocimiento de los principales atributos biológicos y poblacionales de A. quadridentata sobre C. pomonella. -Estudio de la fecundidad y preferencia de M. ridens sobre dos especies de lepidópteros plaga presentes en nuestro país (C. pomonella- Grapholita molesta). -Determinación de la selectividad de los principales insecticidas utilizados en la producción de pomáceas para M. ridens. -Colonización y evaluación del establecimiento de M. ridens y A. quadridentata en el Alto Valle de Rio Negro. Los estudios realizados proporcionaron información y herramientas para impulsar el empleo de estos parasitoides a través del desarrollo de una estrategia de control biológico clásico de C. pomonella.The codling moth is a key pest of apple crops. In Argentina, pest management strategies mainly relay on chemical control, although recently the technique of sexual confusion has been implemented with success. The aim of this thesis was to study the potential of the parasitoids, Mastrus ridens and Ascogaster quadridentata as biological control agents of Cydia pomonella in our country. The most important contributions from this thesis are: -Better understanding of rearing methodologies for M. ridens y A. quadridentata in the laboratory. -Knowledge of the reproductive biology and population parameters of A. quadridentata in C. pomonella. -Knowledge of the biology and host preference by M. ridens for C. pomonella and G. molesta. -Determination of the side effect of some pesticides use in apple crops on M. ridens. -Colonization and evaluation of establishment of M. ridens y A. quadridentata in the field. These results provided useful information to enhance the use of the parasitoids in classical biological control strategies against C. pomonella in Argentina.Fil:Hernández, Carmen Marcela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
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Evaluation of Mastrus ridens Horstman (Hymenoptera: Incheumonidae) and Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as biological control agents of Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2015Co-Authors: Hernández, Carmen MarcelaAbstract:La carpocapsa (Cydia pomonella) es una de las plagas clave del cultivo de pomáceas en todo el mundo. En la Argentina, si bien actualmente se están implementando medidas de control de bajo impacto ambiental, como la técnica de confusión sexual, la principal forma de control continúa siendo el empleo de productos químicos. El objetivo general de esta tesis fue estudiar aspectos básicos de la biología de Mastrus ridens y Ascogaster quadridentata a los efectos de evaluar su potencial como agentes de control de Cydia pomonella en nuestro país. Los principales aportes de este trabajo son: -Disponibilidad de un sistema de cría a nivel experimental para M. ridens y A. quadridentata en condiciones de laboratorio. -Conocimiento de los principales atributos biológicos y poblacionales de A. quadridentata sobre C. pomonella. -Estudio de la fecundidad y preferencia de M. ridens sobre dos especies de lepidópteros plaga presentes en nuestro país (C. pomonella- Grapholita molesta). -Determinación de la selectividad de los principales insecticidas utilizados en la producción de pomáceas para M. ridens. -Colonización y evaluación del establecimiento de M. ridens y A. quadridentata en el Alto Valle de Rio Negro. Los estudios realizados proporcionaron información y herramientas para impulsar el empleo de estos parasitoides a través del desarrollo de una estrategia de control biológico clásico de C. pomonella
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Estudios biológicos sobre los parasitoides, Mastrus ridens Horstman y Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael, para evaluar su potencial como agentes de control biológico de Cydia pomonella (L.) plaga clave del manzano
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2015Co-Authors: Hernández, Carmen MarcelaAbstract:Tesis para obtener el grado de Doctora en el área de Ciencias Biológicas, de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en 2015La carpocapsa (Cydia pomonella) es una de las plagas clave del cultivo de pomáceas en todo el mundo. En la Argentina, si bien actualmente se están implementando medidas de control de bajo impacto ambiental, como la técnica de confusión sexual, la principal forma de control continúa siendo el empleo de productos químicos. El objetivo general de esta tesis fue estudiar aspectos básicos de la biología de Mastrus ridens y Ascogaster quadridentata a los efectos de evaluar su potencial como agentes de control de Cydia pomonella en nuestro país. Los principales aportes de este trabajo son: -Disponibilidad de un sistema de cría a nivel experimental para M. ridens y A. quadridentata en condiciones de laboratorio. -Conocimiento de los principales atributos biológicos y poblacionales de A. quadridentata sobre C. pomonella. -Estudio de la fecundidad y preferencia de M. ridens sobre dos especies de lepidópteros plaga presentes en nuestro país (C. pomonella- Grapholita molesta). -Determinación de la selectividad de los principales insecticidas utilizados en la producción de pomáceas para M. ridens. -Colonización y evaluación del establecimiento de M. ridens y A. quadridentata en el Alto Valle de Rio Negro. Los estudios realizados proporcionaron información y herramientas para impulsar el empleo de estos parasitoides a través del desarrollo de una estrategia de control biológico clásico de C. pomonella.The codling moth is a key pest of apple crops. In Argentina, pest management strategies mainly relay on chemical control, although recently the technique of sexual confusion has been implemented with success. The aim of this thesis was to study the potential of the parasitoids, Mastrus ridens and Ascogaster quadridentata as biological control agents of Cydia pomonella in our country. The most important contributions from this thesis are: -Better understanding of rearing methodologies for M. ridens y A. quadridentata in the laboratory. -Knowledge of the reproductive biology and population parameters of A. quadridentata in C. pomonella. -Knowledge of the biology and host preference by M. ridens for C. pomonella and G. molesta. -Determination of the side effect of some pesticides use in apple crops on M. ridens. -Colonization and evaluation of establishment of M. ridens y A. quadridentata in the field. These results provided useful information to enhance the use of the parasitoids in classical biological control strategies against C. pomonella in Argentina.Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología AgrícolaFil: Hernandez, Carmen Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; Argentin
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Estudios biológicos sobre los parasitoides, Mastrus ridens Horstman y Ascogaster quadridentata Wesmael, para evaluar su potencial como agentes de control biológico de Cydia pomonella (L.) plaga clave del manzano
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1Co-Authors: Hernández, Carmen MarcelaAbstract:La carpocapsa (Cydia pomonella) es una de las plagas clave del cultivo de pomáceas en todo el mundo. En la Argentina, si bien actualmente se están implementando medidas de control de bajo impacto ambiental, como la técnica de confusión sexual, la principal forma de control continúa siendo el empleo de productos químicos. El objetivo general de esta tesis fue estudiar aspectos básicos de la biología de Mastrus ridens y Ascogaster quadridentata a los efectos de evaluar su potencial como agentes de control de Cydia pomonella en nuestro país. Los principales aportes de este trabajo son: -Disponibilidad de un sistema de cría a nivel experimental para M. ridens y A. quadridentata en condiciones de laboratorio. -Conocimiento de los principales atributos biológicos y poblacionales de A. quadridentata sobre C. pomonella. -Estudio de la fecundidad y preferencia de M. ridens sobre dos especies de lepidópteros plaga presentes en nuestro país (C. pomonella- Grapholita molesta). -Determinación de la selectividad de los principales insecticidas utilizados en la producción de pomáceas para M. ridens. -Colonización y evaluación del establecimiento de M. ridens y A. quadridentata en el Alto Valle de Rio Negro. Los estudios realizados proporcionaron información y herramientas para impulsar el empleo de estos parasitoides a través del desarrollo de una estrategia de control biológico clásico de C. pomonella
Benoit Sauphanor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The occurrence and distribution of resistance of codling moth to Cydia pomonella granulovirus in Europe
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: A. Schmitt, Benoit Sauphanor, I. L. Bisutti, E. Ladurner, M. Benuzzi, J. Kienzle, D. Zingg, K. Undorf-spahn, E. Fritsch, J. HuberAbstract:Thirty-five codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella L., Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) populations collected in different commercial orchards in six European countries were tested for their susceptibility to Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV-M). Including previously published data on CpGV-M resistance, a total of 38 CM colonies showed considerably elevated LC50 values, independent of the country origin. When only few test individuals are available, determination of mortality of neonate larvae at a discriminating concentration range of 10(4) to 10(6)OB/ml (>log4) as a direct measure of percentage susceptible individuals in a CM population is more advisable than calculation of LC50 values. The >log4 mortality alone or in combination with the LC50 value can be used for identification of resistance in a population. Results indicated a locally separated but widely spread occurrence of CM populations with low susceptibility to CpGV-M. The most plausible hypothesis for the emergence of CpGV-M resistance is its selection by repeated use of CpGV products.
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exclusion netting may alter reproduction of the codling moth Cydia pomonella and prevent associated fruit damage to apple orchards
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2012Co-Authors: Benoit Sauphanor, Guilhem Severac, Sandrine Maugin, Jean Francois Toubon, Yvan CapowiezAbstract:Insecticide-based management programmes targeting codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), in apple orchards in southern France have incurred increasing levels of fruit injury in recent years. An alternative programme incorporating the use of exclusion netting named Alt'carpo has been developed. This study aimed at studying its efficiency and gaining more insight into its mode of action. This was achieved through laboratory and field behavioural tests and observations in a network of commercial orchards in southern France. The moths were able to lay eggs through the nets and escape from net cages in the laboratory. Male moths released in the netted rows were poorly recaptured using sexual pheromone trapping, whereas over 20% of the released males were recaptured in unprotected rows. The netting reduced fruit injury by up to 91% compared to the unprotected rows in the experimental orchard. The efficacy of this netting was even higher in commercial orchards in which fruit injury did not exceed 0.1% without any application of specific insecticide. These results lead us to assume that netting alters the reproduction of the pest, mainly by preventing it from flying over the canopy to find mates.
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insecticide resistance status of the codling moth Cydia pomonella lepidoptera tortricidae from greece
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Costas Ch Voudouris, Maritza Reyes, Benoit Sauphanor, Pierre Franck, Zissis Mamuris, J A Tsitsipis, John Vontas, John T MargaritopoulosAbstract:Abstract The codling moth Cydia pomonella L. is controlled mostly with chemical insecticides in Greece and control failures have been reported. However, there are no insecticide resistance studies in the country as yet. We examined the insecticide resistance status of 33 and 38 populations of fifth-instar non-diapausing and diapausing larvae, respectively by applying bioassays, biochemical and DNA diagnostics. Diagnostic concentrations of azinphos-methyl, phosalone, deltamethrin, thiacloprid, fenoxycarb, tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide and diflubenzuron were used in bioassays. Almost all populations showed reduced susceptibility to at least one insecticide and approximately half of them to all insecticides examined compared to a laboratory susceptible strain used as reference. However, only one out of six populations tested showed reduced susceptibility in ovicidal tests with fenoxycarb. Cross-resistances were observed among most insecticides, except from the pairs fenoxycarb–phosalone and thiacloprid–phosalone, in non-diapausing larvae. The more obvious biochemical marker associated with the reduced susceptibility observed in both larval instars was elevated cytochrome P 450 polysubstrate monooxygenases activity, followed by elevated glutathione-S-transferase activity and reduced carboxylesterases activity. Neither sodium channel nor AChE known resistance mutations were found in any of the approximately 1000 individuals of each larval instar screened with diagnostic PCR. Actions for Integrated Resistance Management and application of alternative control methods are discussed.
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Insecticide resistance status of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Greece
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Costas Ch Voudouris, Maritza Reyes, Benoit Sauphanor, Pierre Franck, Zissis Mamuris, J A Tsitsipis, John Vontas, John T MargaritopoulosAbstract:The codling moth Cydia pomonella L is controlled mostly with chemical insecticides in Greece and control failures have been reported. However, there are no insecticide resistance studies in the country as yet. We examined the insecticide resistance status of 33 and 38 populations of fifth-instar non-diapausing and diapausing larvae, respectively by applying bioassays, biochemical and DNA diagnostics. Diagnostic concentrations of azinphos-methyl, phosalone, deltamethrin, thiacloprid, fenoxycarb, tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide and diflubenzuron were used in bioassays. Almost all populations showed reduced susceptibility to at least one insecticide and approximately half of them to all insecticides examined compared to a laboratory susceptible strain used as reference. However, only one out of six populations tested showed reduced susceptibility in ovicidal tests with fenoxycarb. Cross-resistances were observed among most insecticides, except from the pairs fenoxycarb-phosalone and thiacloprid-phosalone, in non-diapausing larvae. The more obvious biochemical marker associated with the reduced susceptibility observed in both larval instars was elevated cytochrome P(450) Polysubstrate monooxygenases activity, followed by elevated glutathione-S-transferase activity and reduced carboxylesterases activity. Neither sodium channel nor AChE known resistance mutations were found in any of the approximately 1000 individuals of each larval instar screened with diagnostic PCR. Actions for Integrated Resistance Management and application of alternative control methods are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Susceptibility to organophosphate insecticides and activity of detoxifying enzymes in spanish populations of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Marcela A. Rodriguez, Dolors Bosch, Benoit Sauphanor, Jesús AvillaAbstract:The mechanisms associated with resistance of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to organophosphate insecticides in pome fruit orchards have been shown to depend on the area. Our objectives were to evaluate the susceptibility of Spanish codling moth populations to chlorpyrifos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, and phosalone, and the activity of three enzymatic systems reported to be involved in resistance. Eleven field populations and a susceptible strain used as a reference were tested using a bioassay consisting in the topical application of a diagnostic concentration on postdiapausing larvae. The enzymatic activity of mixed function oxidases (MFO), glutathione transferases (GST), and esterases (EST) was measured in postdiapausing larvae and adults. A significant decrease in the efficacy of the organophosphates was observed for all field populations, although the decrease was smaller in the case of chlorpyrifos-ethyl. No differences between sexes were detected. In postchapausing larvae, the activity of the three enzymatic systems was higher in all the field populations than in the susceptible population. The possible implication of EST in codling moth insecticide resistance is reported for the first time in European field populations. In adults, only MFO and GST were implicated. Codling moth resistance to organophosphates in Spanish populations must be taken into account in the implementation of antiresistance strategies.
Gerhard Gries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of the larval aggregation pheromone of codling moth Cydia pomonella
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Zaid Jumean, Regine Gries, Thomas R Unruh, Eloise Rowland, Gerhard GriesAbstract:Mature larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), exit the fruit and seek sites suitable for pupation. Spinning cocoons in such sites, larvae produce a complex, cocoon-derived blend of volatiles recently shown to attract and/or arrest both conspecific larvae and the prepupal parasitoid Mastrus ridibundus Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Here we report components of this blend that constitute the pheromone of fifth-instar C. pomonella larvae. Thirty-one two-choice olfactometer experiments showed that a blend of synthetic (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, sulcatone, and geranylacetone, in combination with either 3-carene and/or three saturated aldehydes (octanal, nonanal, decanal), elicited behavioral responses from C. pomonella larvae. In on-tree experiments with corrugated cardboard bands as pupation sites for larvae affixed to tree trunks, and with laboratory-reared larvae released onto such trees, more larvae cocooned in those halves of cardboard bands baited with cocoon-spinning conspecific larvae, or with synthetic pheromone components, than in unbaited control halves of the bands. With the larval aggregation pheromone identified in this study, there might be an opportunity to manipulate C. pomonella larvae in commercial fruit or nut orchards.
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Mastrus ridibundus parasitoids eavesdrop on cocoon-spinning codling moth, Cydia pomonella, larvae
Naturwissenschaften, 2005Co-Authors: Zaid Jumean, Tom Unruh, Regine Gries, Gerhard GriesAbstract:Cocoon-spinning larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) employ a pheromone that attracts or arrests conspecifics seeking pupation sites. Such intraspecific communication signals are important cues for illicit receivers such as parasitoids to exploit. We tested the hypothesis that the prepupal C. pomonella parasitoid Mastrus ridibundus Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) exploits the larval aggregation pheromone to locate host prepupae. In laboratory olfactometer experiments, female M. ridibundus were attracted to 3-day-old cocoons containing C. pomonella larvae or prepupae. Older cocoons containing C. pomonella pupae, or larvae and prepupae excised from cocoons, were not attractive. In gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of bioactive Porapak Q extract of cocoon-derived airborne semiochemicals, ten compounds elicited responses from female M. ridibundus antennae. Comparative GC-mass spectrometry of authentic standards and cocoon-volatiles determined that these compounds were 3-carene, myrcene, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, ( E )-2-octenal, ( E )-2-nonenal, sulcatone, and geranylacetone. A synthetic 11-component blend consisting of these ten EAD-active compounds plus EAD-inactive (+)-limonene (the most abundant cocoon-derived volatile) was as effective as Porapak Q cocoon extract in attracting both female M. ridibundus and C. pomonella larvae seeking pupation sites. Only three components could be deleted from the 11-component blend without diminishing its attractiveness to M. ridibundus , which underlines the complexity of information received and processed during foraging for hosts. Mastrus ridibundus obviously “eavesdrop” on the pheromonal communication signals of C. pomonella larvae that reliably indicate host presence.
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Sex Pheromone of Ascogaster quadridentata, a Parasitoid of Cydia pomonella
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Naomi C Delury, Gary J R Judd, Regine Gries, Gerhard Gries, John J. BrownAbstract:Porapak Q volatile extracts of female Ascogaster quadridentata , an egg-larval endoparasitoid of codling moth, Cydia pomonella , bioassayed in Y-tube olfactometers attracted male, but not female, A. quadridentata . Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of bioactive extracts revealed three compounds that elicited responses by male A. quadridentata antennae. GC-mass spectra (MS) indicated, and comparative analyses of authentic standards confirmed, that these compounds were ( Z , Z )-9,12-octadecadienal, ( Z )-9-hexadecenal, and 3,7,11-trimethyl-6 E ,10-dodecadienal. ( Z , Z )-9,12-Octadecadienal alone attracted laboratory-reared male A. quadridentata in Y-tube olfactometer and field-cage bioassays, and attracted feral A. quadridentata in a field experiment. This sex pheromone could be used to help detect populations of A. quadridentata , delineate their distributions, and determine potential sources of parasitoids for capture and release in integrated programs for control of C. pomonella.
Gary J R Judd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intraspecific variation in female sex pheromone of the codling moth Cydia pomonella
Insects, 2014Co-Authors: Claire Dumenil, Dolors Bosch, Mario Baldessari, Gary J R Judd, Cesar Gemeno, Astrid T GrootAbstract:The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is a major pest of apple, pear and walnut orchards worldwide. This pest is often controlled using the biologically friendly control method known as pheromone-based mating disruption. Mating disruption likely exerts selection on the sexual communication system of codling moth, as male and female moths will persist in their attempt to meet and mate. Surprisingly little is known on the intraspecific variation of sexual communication in this species. We started an investigation to determine the level of individual variation in the female sex pheromone composition of this moth and whether variation among different populations might be correlated with use of mating disruption against those populations. By extracting pheromone glands of individual females from a laboratory population in Canada and from populations from apple orchards in Spain and Italy, we found significant between- and within-population variation. Comparing females that had been exposed to mating disruption, or not, revealed a significant difference in sex pheromone composition for two of the minor components. Overall, the intraspecific variation observed shows the potential for a shift in female sexual signal when selection pressure is high, as is the case with continuous use of mating disruption.
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moth scale derived kairomones used by egg larval parasitoid ascogaster quadridentata to locate eggs of its host Cydia pomonella
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Naomi C Delury, Gary J R Judd, Grigori KhaskinAbstract:We determined that location of host (Cydia pomonella) eggs by Ascogaster quadridentata is mediated by kairomones, investigated potential sources of the kairomones and identified a blend of kairomones from the source that was attractive to A. quadridentata. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, female A. quadridentata were attracted to Porapak Q-collected volatiles from female C. pomonella scales and eggs, but not to C. pomonella sex pheromone. Scales of C. pomonella were also attractive to male A. quadridentata. Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection analysis of scale volatile extracts revealed numerous compounds that elicited responses from male or female A. quadridentata antennae, including heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, undecan-2-one, dodecanal, pentadecan-2-one, (Z)-6-pentadecen-2-one, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, (Z)-6-heptadecen-2-one, and 3,7,11-trimethyl-2E,6E,10-dodecatrien-1-ol acetate. A synthetic blend of these compounds at quantities and ratios equivalent to Porapak Q scale volatile extract was attractive to female A. quadridentata in a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay.
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Sex Pheromone of Ascogaster quadridentata, a Parasitoid of Cydia pomonella
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1999Co-Authors: Naomi C Delury, Gary J R Judd, Regine Gries, Gerhard Gries, John J. BrownAbstract:Porapak Q volatile extracts of female Ascogaster quadridentata , an egg-larval endoparasitoid of codling moth, Cydia pomonella , bioassayed in Y-tube olfactometers attracted male, but not female, A. quadridentata . Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of bioactive extracts revealed three compounds that elicited responses by male A. quadridentata antennae. GC-mass spectra (MS) indicated, and comparative analyses of authentic standards confirmed, that these compounds were ( Z , Z )-9,12-octadecadienal, ( Z )-9-hexadecenal, and 3,7,11-trimethyl-6 E ,10-dodecadienal. ( Z , Z )-9,12-Octadecadienal alone attracted laboratory-reared male A. quadridentata in Y-tube olfactometer and field-cage bioassays, and attracted feral A. quadridentata in a field experiment. This sex pheromone could be used to help detect populations of A. quadridentata , delineate their distributions, and determine potential sources of parasitoids for capture and release in integrated programs for control of C. pomonella.
