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Andrea Zatelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus free catch in dogs
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2010Co-Authors: Laura Beatrice, Francesca Nizi, Daniela Callegari, Saverio Paltrinieri, Eric Zini, Paola D'ippolito, Andrea ZatelliAbstract:Objective—To assess whether urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratios determined in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus those collected by free catch provide similar diagnostic information for dogs. Design—Evaluation study. Animals—115 client-owned dogs evaluated because of various health problems requiring urinalysis or to screen for proteinuria in an area endemic for leishmaniasis. Procedures—230 paired urine samples, 1 collected by Cystocentesis and 1 by free catch, were collected from the 115 dogs. The UPC ratio was determined in paired urine samples (n = 162) from 81 dogs with no indication of active inflammation according to urine sediment analysis. On the basis of the UPC ratio of urine sample collected by Cystocentesis, dogs were classified as nonproteinuric (UPC ratio 0.5), according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). Results—The correlation between UPC ratio in urine samples collecte...
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Comparison of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus free catch in dogs
'American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)', 2010Co-Authors: Laura Beatrice, Francesca Nizi, Daniela Callegari, Saverio Paltrinieri, Eric Zini, P. D’ippolito, Andrea ZatelliAbstract:Objective-To assess whether urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratios determined in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus those collected by free catch provide similar diagnostic information for dogs. Design-Evaluation study. Animals-115 client-owned dogs evaluated because of various health problems requiring urinalysis or to screen for proteinuria in an area endemic for leishmaniasis. Procedures-230 paired urine samples, 1 collected by Cystocentesis and 1 by free catch, were collected from the 115 dogs. The UPC ratio was determined in paired urine samples (n = 162) from 81 dogs with no indication of active inflammation according to urine sediment analysis. On the basis of the UPC ratio of urine sample collected by Cystocentesis, dogs were classified as nonproteinuric (UPC ratio 0.5), according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). Results-The correlation between UPC ratio in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis and by free catch was strong (r2 = 0.90); 75 of 81 (92.6%) dogs had UPC ratios from both urine samples that resulted in classification in the same IRIS substage with a kappa coefficient of 0.83. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The UPC ratio in dogs was minimally affected in urine samples collected by free catch, thus allowing correct grading of proteinuria with this method. The high reliability of the UPC ratio in free-catch urine samples coupled with the ease of collection should increase the use of this value for assessment of proteinuria
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Comparison of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus free catch in dogs.
2010Co-Authors: Laura Beatrice, Francesca Nizi, Daniela Callegari, Saverio Paltrinieri, Eric Zini, Paola D'ippolito, Andrea ZatelliAbstract:To assess whether urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratios determined in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus those collected by free catch provide similar diagnostic information for dogs.Evaluation study.115 client-owned dogs evaluated because of various health problems requiring urinalysis or to screen for proteinuria in an area endemic for leishmaniasis.230 paired urine samples, 1 collected by Cystocentesis and 1 by free catch, were collected from the 115 dogs. The UPC ratio was determined in paired urine samples (n = 162) from 81 dogs with no indication of active inflammation according to urine sediment analysis. On the basis of the UPC ratio of urine sample collected by Cystocentesis, dogs were classified as nonproteinuric (UPC ratio 0.5), according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS).The correlation between UPC ratio in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis and by free catch was strong (r(2) = 0.90); 75 of 81 (92.6\%) dogs had UPC ratios from both urine samples that resulted in classification in the same IRIS substage with a kappa coefficient of 0.83.The UPC ratio in dogs was minimally affected in urine samples collected by free catch, thus allowing correct grading of proteinuria with this method. The high reliability of the UPC ratio in free-catch urine samples coupled with the ease of collection should increase the use of this value for assessment of proteinuria
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Glomerular lesions in dogs infected with Leishmania organisms.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2003Co-Authors: Andrea Zatelli, Michele Borgarelli, Roberto A. Santilli, Ugo Bonfanti, Evandro Nigrisoli, Renato Zanatta, Alberto Tarducci, Aurelio GuarraciAbstract:Objective—To histologically identify glomerular lesions in dogs infected with Leishmania organisms. Animals—41 dogs (17 sexually intact males and 14 sexually intact and 10 ovariohysterectomized females) that had positive results when tested for leishmaniosis as determined by use of serologic evaluation (indirect fluorescent antibody test, titers of 1:80 to 1:640) and direct microscopic identification of the protozoal organisms. Procedure—Urine samples were collected by use of Cystocentesis and examined by qualitative SDSagarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). All dogs had nonselective (glomerular) or mixed (glomerular and tubular) proteinemia. Specimens were obtained from each dog during ultrasound-assisted renal biopsy and used for histologic examination. Each specimen was stained with H&E, periodic acid–Schiff, Goldner's trichrome, methenamine silver, and Congo Red stains. Specimens were adequate for evaluation when they contained at least 5 glomeruli/section, except for specimens stained with Congo Red in w...
John M. Kruger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of modified Wright-staining of urine sediment as a method for accurate detection of bacteriuria in dogs.
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2004Co-Authors: Cheryl L. Swenson, John M. Kruger, Agatha M. Boisvert, Suzanne N. Gibbons-burgenerAbstract:Objective—To compare the findings of light microscopic evaluation of routine unstained wet-mounted preparations and air-dried, modified Wright-stained preparations of urine sediment with results of quantitative aerobic bacteriologic culture of urine. Design—Masked prospective study. Sample Population—459 urine samples collected by Cystocentesis from 441 dogs. Procedure—Urinalyses and quantitative bacteriologic cultures of urine were performed. Unstained wetmounted preparations and air-dried, modified Wrightstained urine sediment preparations were examined by light microscopy for the presence of bacteria. Results—Compared with results of quantitative bacteriologic culture, routine unstained preparations and modified Wright-stained preparations had sensitivities of 82.4% and 93.2%, specificities of 76.4% and 99.0%, positive predictive values of 40.1% and 94.5%, negative predictive values of 95.8% and 98.7%, and test efficiencies of 77.3% and 98.0%, respectively. Compared with 74 samples that yielded growth ...
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Medical Management of Feline Urethral Obstruction
Veterinary Clinics of North America-small Animal Practice, 1996Co-Authors: Carl A. Osborne, John M. Kruger, Jody P. Lulich, Joseph W. Bartges, David J. PolzinAbstract:A step-by-step priority of procedures is recommended when attempting to restore urethral patency in an obstructed male cat. In order of priority they are: (1) massage of the distal urethra, (2) attempts to induce voiding by gentle palpation of the urinary bladder, (3) Cystocentesis, (4) retrograde rethral flushing, (5) combinations of 1 through 4, (6) diagnostic radiology to determine if the cause of urethral obstruction is intraluminal, mural or extramural, and if absolutely necessary, (7) surgical procedures.
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Cystocentesis Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations
Veterinary Clinics of North America-small Animal Practice, 1996Co-Authors: John M. Kruger, A. Osborne Cari, K. Ulrich LisaAbstract:The diagnostic and therapeutic value of Cystocentesis has been recognized for over 80 years. In feline patients with nonobtrusive lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD), normal patients, or patients with nonurinary disorders, diagnostic Cystocentesis circumvents many of the potential problems associated with collection of urine specimens by normal micturition, manual compression of the urinary bladder, or catheterization. In patients with obstructive LUTDs, therapeutic Cystocentesis temporarily halts the adverse effects of obstructive uropathy and may provide additional time to remove or bypass the obstructive lesion. In our experience, Cystocentesis has been associated with few significant side effects; however, it may induce mild transient microscopic hematuria which may be indistinguishable from pathologic hematuria associated with many naturally occurring feline LUTDs.
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations
1996Co-Authors: John M. Kruger, Carl A. Osborne, Lisa K. UlrichAbstract:Cystocentesis is a form of paracentesis that consists of needle puncture of the urinary bladder for the purpose of removing a variable quantity of urine by aspiration. The diagnosis and therapeutic value of Cystocentesis for management of cats with lower urinary tract disease (LUTD) has been recognized for more than 80 years.4• 12• 13 Although techniques and complications of Cystocentesis have not been evaluated by large scale controlled studies, the fact that nearly 90% of feline urine specimens obtained for routine analyses at the Michigan State University Veterinary Clinical Center, and the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital are collected by Cystocentesis attests to the safety, efficiency, and diagnostic and therapeutic utility of this urine collection method.
Darren J. Trott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence of bacterial species in cats with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease: Recognition of Staphylococcus felis as a possible feline urinary tract pathogen
Veterinary Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Annette Litster, S. M. Moss, Mary Honnery, Bob Rees, Darren J. TrottAbstract:This study investigated the prevalence of bacterial pathogens of the urinary tract in Australian cats. Urine was collected by Cystocentesis and subjected to urinalysis, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing. A total of 126 isolates were obtained from 107 culture-positive cats. Escherichia coli was most commonly isolated (37.3% of isolates) with the majority of isolates showing susceptibility to the 14 antimicrobials tested. Just over a quarter of isolates (27.0%) were Enterococcusfaecalis, which showed resistance to cephalosporins and clindamycin. Staphylococcusfelis, a previously unreported feline urinary tract pathogen which was susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, comprised 19.8% of the isolates. S.felis was significantly associated with urine that had a higher specific gravity (p = 0.011) and pH (p = 0.006) and was more likely to contain crystals (p = 0.002) than urine from which other bacterial species were isolated. This is the first published study that associates the isolation of S. felis with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in cats. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Prevalence of bacterial species in cats with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease: recognition of Staphylococcus felis as a possible feline urinary tract pathogen.
Veterinary microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Annette Litster, S. M. Moss, Mary Honnery, Bob Rees, Darren J. TrottAbstract:This study investigated the prevalence of bacterial pathogens of the urinary tract in Australian cats. Urine was collected by Cystocentesis and subjected to urinalysis, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing. A total of 126 isolates were obtained from 107 culture-positive cats. Escherichia coli was most commonly isolated (37.3% of isolates) with the majority of isolates showing susceptibility to the 14 antimicrobials tested. Just over a quarter of isolates (27.0%) were Enterococcus faecalis, which showed resistance to cephalosporins and clindamycin. Staphylococcus felis, a previously unreported feline urinary tract pathogen which was susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, comprised 19.8% of the isolates. S. felis was significantly associated with urine that had a higher specific gravity (p=0.011) and pH (p=0.006) and was more likely to contain crystals (p=0.002) than urine from which other bacterial species were isolated. This is the first published study that associates the isolation of S. felis with clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in cats.
Laura Beatrice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus free catch in dogs
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2010Co-Authors: Laura Beatrice, Francesca Nizi, Daniela Callegari, Saverio Paltrinieri, Eric Zini, Paola D'ippolito, Andrea ZatelliAbstract:Objective—To assess whether urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratios determined in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus those collected by free catch provide similar diagnostic information for dogs. Design—Evaluation study. Animals—115 client-owned dogs evaluated because of various health problems requiring urinalysis or to screen for proteinuria in an area endemic for leishmaniasis. Procedures—230 paired urine samples, 1 collected by Cystocentesis and 1 by free catch, were collected from the 115 dogs. The UPC ratio was determined in paired urine samples (n = 162) from 81 dogs with no indication of active inflammation according to urine sediment analysis. On the basis of the UPC ratio of urine sample collected by Cystocentesis, dogs were classified as nonproteinuric (UPC ratio 0.5), according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). Results—The correlation between UPC ratio in urine samples collecte...
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Comparison of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus free catch in dogs
'American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)', 2010Co-Authors: Laura Beatrice, Francesca Nizi, Daniela Callegari, Saverio Paltrinieri, Eric Zini, P. D’ippolito, Andrea ZatelliAbstract:Objective-To assess whether urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratios determined in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus those collected by free catch provide similar diagnostic information for dogs. Design-Evaluation study. Animals-115 client-owned dogs evaluated because of various health problems requiring urinalysis or to screen for proteinuria in an area endemic for leishmaniasis. Procedures-230 paired urine samples, 1 collected by Cystocentesis and 1 by free catch, were collected from the 115 dogs. The UPC ratio was determined in paired urine samples (n = 162) from 81 dogs with no indication of active inflammation according to urine sediment analysis. On the basis of the UPC ratio of urine sample collected by Cystocentesis, dogs were classified as nonproteinuric (UPC ratio 0.5), according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS). Results-The correlation between UPC ratio in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis and by free catch was strong (r2 = 0.90); 75 of 81 (92.6%) dogs had UPC ratios from both urine samples that resulted in classification in the same IRIS substage with a kappa coefficient of 0.83. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The UPC ratio in dogs was minimally affected in urine samples collected by free catch, thus allowing correct grading of proteinuria with this method. The high reliability of the UPC ratio in free-catch urine samples coupled with the ease of collection should increase the use of this value for assessment of proteinuria
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Comparison of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus free catch in dogs.
2010Co-Authors: Laura Beatrice, Francesca Nizi, Daniela Callegari, Saverio Paltrinieri, Eric Zini, Paola D'ippolito, Andrea ZatelliAbstract:To assess whether urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratios determined in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis versus those collected by free catch provide similar diagnostic information for dogs.Evaluation study.115 client-owned dogs evaluated because of various health problems requiring urinalysis or to screen for proteinuria in an area endemic for leishmaniasis.230 paired urine samples, 1 collected by Cystocentesis and 1 by free catch, were collected from the 115 dogs. The UPC ratio was determined in paired urine samples (n = 162) from 81 dogs with no indication of active inflammation according to urine sediment analysis. On the basis of the UPC ratio of urine sample collected by Cystocentesis, dogs were classified as nonproteinuric (UPC ratio 0.5), according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS).The correlation between UPC ratio in urine samples collected by Cystocentesis and by free catch was strong (r(2) = 0.90); 75 of 81 (92.6\%) dogs had UPC ratios from both urine samples that resulted in classification in the same IRIS substage with a kappa coefficient of 0.83.The UPC ratio in dogs was minimally affected in urine samples collected by free catch, thus allowing correct grading of proteinuria with this method. The high reliability of the UPC ratio in free-catch urine samples coupled with the ease of collection should increase the use of this value for assessment of proteinuria
M. P. Dooley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Yohimbine prevents the retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of dogs induced by xylazine
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1994Co-Authors: M. H. Pineda, M. P. DooleyAbstract:This study was carried out to determine whether yohimbine antagonizes the retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of dogs caused by xylazine. Adult dogs were assigned to one of four groups of six dogs each and treated as follows: saline control, xylazine (2.2 mg/kg, i.m.), yohimbine (0.2 mg/kg, i.m.), yohimbine/xylazine (yohimbine, 0.2 mg/kg, i.m., followed 10 min later by xylazine, 2.2 mg/kg, i.m.). Pre- and post-treatment urine were collected by Cystocentesis from all dogs. The mean (+/- SD) adjusted total number of spermatozoa in the post-treatment urine of xylazine-treated dogs (141.02 +/- 136.75 x 10(6)) was 15 times higher (P < 0.05) than the number in the post-treatment urine of control dogs (9.16 +/- 20.26 x 10(6), 1763 times higher (P < 0.05) than the number in the urine of yohimbine-treated dogs (0.08 +/- 0.20 x 10(6), and 56 times higher (P < 0.05) than the total number in the post-treatment urine of yohimbine/xylazine-treated dogs (2.54 +/- 4.54 x 10(6)). These results confirm that xylazine induces a significant (P = 0.007) displacement of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of dogs and demonstrate that pre-treatment with yohimbine prevents this effect.
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Retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of cats during electroejaculation, collection of semen with an artificial vagina, and mating.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1991Co-Authors: M. P. Dooley, M. H. Pineda, J. G. Hopper, Walter H. HsuAbstract:The effect of methoxamine on retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of domestic cats during electroejaculation and the incidence of retrograde flow during the collection of semen with an artificial vagina, or during mating was examined. In experiment 1, urine collected by Cystocentesis prior to electroejaculation was azoospermic or contained few, nonmotile spermatozoa, whereas urine collected after electroejaculation contained more (P = 0.002) spermatozoa, and motile spermatozoa were evident in urine obtained from 6 of 8 cats. Administration of methoxamine hydrochloride (200 micrograms/kg of body weight, IV) did not affect spermatozoal output or percentage of retrograde flow. Percentage of retrograde flow for control cats ranged from 61.18 to 92.95% (mean +/- SD, 80.00 +/- 14.28%) and for methoxamine-treated cats, ranged from 15.25 to 92.49% (mean +/- SD, 58.10 +/- 32.28%), but the difference was not significant. In experiment 2, an artificial vagina was used to collect semen from 5 of the 8 cats used in experiment 1. Urine collected by Cystocentesis after ejaculation contained spermatozoa, and motile spermatozoa were evident in the urine from 4 of 5 cats. The mean (+/- SD) percentage of retrograde flow for these 5 cats was 46.82 +/- 31.67% (range, 14.56 to 90.32%). In experiment 3, each of the 5 cats that were used in experiments 1 and 2 were mated. Spermatozoa were recovered from the vagina of each mated female, and motile spermatozoa were also present in postejaculation urine obtained by Cystocentesis from each of the 5 male cats. Mean total number of spermatozoa in the postmating urine was 29.42 +/- 33.58 x 10(6) (range, 0.22 x 10(6) to 76.05 x 10(6) spermatozoa).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of dogs during ejaculation or after sedation with xylazine.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 1990Co-Authors: M. P. Dooley, M. H. Pineda, J. G. Hopper, Walter H. HsuAbstract:Retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of dogs during ejaculation or after administration of xylazine was examined. In experiment 1, the mean (+/- SD) spermatozoal concentration in urine collected by Cystocentesis before ejaculation was 0.322 +/- 0.645 X 10(6)/ml. After ejaculation, motile spermatozoa were present in the urine collected by Cystocentesis from 12 of 15 dogs, and the concentration of spermatozoa in the urine (5.139 +/- 7.014 X 10(6)/ml) was higher (P less than 0.025) than the concentration in the urine collected before ejaculation. The percentage of the total number of spermatozoa that were displaced during ejaculation and flowed into the urinary bladder (retrograde flow) ranged from 0 to 99.75% (24.67 +/- 33.98%). In experiments 2 and 3, administration of xylazine to sexually rested dogs induced retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder. In experiment 2, all dogs had spermatozoa in urine collected after xylazine administration, with motile spermatozoa present in the urine from 9 of 10 dogs. In experiment 3, urine collected from dogs before administration of xylazine was azoospermic or contained few, nonmotile spermatozoa (0.063 +/- 0.135 X 10(6)/ml), whereas urine collected after administration of xylazine had more (P less than 0.025) and motile spermatozoa (3.717 +/- 4.273 X 10(6)/ml). In experiment 4, administration of xylazine to dogs after ejaculation did not increase the concentration of spermatozoa in the urine. Results indicate that spermatozoa flow into the urinary bladder of dogs during ejaculation or after administration of xylazine to sexually rested dogs.
