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L.c. Nunes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from São Paulo State, Brazil.
Veterinary parasitology, 2002Co-Authors: T.c.g. Oliveira-sequeira, Alessandro Francisco Talamini Do Amarante, T.b. Ferrari, L.c. NunesAbstract:The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs, and dogs with owners was investigated by fecal examinations from 271 dogs employing sedimentation, simple flotation and centrifugation-flotation methods. The centrifugation-flotation method, when compared to simple flotation or sedimentation methods was generally more accurate in the diagnosis of all intestinal parasites, but statistical differences were detected only in relation to Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. (synonym Isospora spp.). The following parasites, with their respective prevalence, were diagnosed in the fecal samples: Ancylostoma spp. (23.6%); Toxocara canis (5.5%); Trichuris vulpis (4.8%); Spirocerca lupi (1.9%); Dipylidium caninum (0.7%); Giardia spp. (12.2%); Hammondia heydorni (2.6%); Cystoisospora spp. (8.5%); and Sarcocystis spp. (2.2%). The prevalence of most parasites was similar for dogs of mixed-breed and for dogs of a defined-breed, except for Cystoisospora spp. and T. canis which showed a significantly higher prevalence in mixed-breed dogs. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. (17.1%) was significantly lower in stray dogs than in those with an owner (31.9%) and the prevalence of Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. was higher in stray dogs (P < 0.05). No effect of season on the occurrence of the different parasite genera could be observed, except for Ancylostoma spp., for which an increase in the percentage of dogs shedding eggs was observed at the beginning of Summer with a peak occurrence during April and May (Autumn). The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp., T. canis, T. vulpis, Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. was higher in adult males than in adult females, but significant differences between the two groups occurred only with Giardia spp. Young animals were found to more frequently shed Nematode eggs in feces than adult animals.
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Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from São Paulo State, Brazil.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2001Co-Authors: T.c.g. Oliveira-sequeira, Alessandro Francisco Talamini Do Amarante, T.b. Ferrari, L.c. NunesAbstract:The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs, and dogs with owners was investigated by fecal examinations from 271 dogs employing sedimentation, simple flotation and centrifugation-flotation methods. The centrifugation-flotation method, when compared to simple flotation or sedimentation methods was generally more accurate in the diagnosis of all intestinal parasites, but statistical differences were detected only in relation to Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. (synonym Isospora spp.). The following parasites, with their respective prevalence, were diagnosed in the fecal samples: Ancylostoma spp. (23.6%); Toxocara canis (5.5%); Trichuris vulpis (4.8%); Spirocerca lupi (1.9%); Dipylidium caninum (0.7%); Giardia spp. (12.2%); Hammondia heydorni (2.6%); Cystoisospora spp. (8.5%); and Sarcocystis spp. (2.2%). The prevalence of most parasites was similar for dogs of mixed-breed and for dogs of a defined-breed, except for Cystoisospora spp. and T. canis which showed a significantly higher prevalence in mixed-breed dogs. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. (17.1%) was significantly lower in stray dogs than in those with an owner (31.9%) and the prevalence of Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. was higher in stray dogs (P
David S. Lindsay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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re evaluation of asynchronous asexual development of Cystoisospora canis in intestines of dogs
Journal of Parasitology, 2019Co-Authors: J P Dubey, David S. LindsayAbstract:The coccidian parasite Cystoisospora canis (syn. Isospora canis) can cause clinical disease in dogs. Three generation of schizonts have been reported in the small intestine of dogs before oocysts are excreted 9-11 days post inoculation (PI). Here, we re-evaluated asexual development of C. canis in 2 dogs necropsied 10 days after oral inoculation with 100,000 C. canis oocysts; both dogs had excreted oocysts 9 days PI. Asexual and sexual stages were seen in the lamina propria throughout the small intestine. Merozoites of different sizes were present, often in the same vacuole. They were arranged singly, in pairs, and many within a single parasitophorous vacuole. The maximum number of nuclei within developing merozoites in a group was 8, but it could not be discerned if they were individual nuclei or parts of merozoites. Findings of abundant asexual stages 1 day after dogs had started excreting oocysts indicated continued asexual multiplication beyond the prepatent period. The stages found resemble the 3 generations reported previously. The mode of division of the asexual generations remains unclear. The results of the present study indicate that there are many generations that are difficult to determine because of the multiplication of merozoites in the original host cell without leaving it to enter new host cells. From the literature, it is evident that cat and dog coccidia ( Cystoisospora spp.) divide by more than 1 type of division, including endodyogeny. In the past, the schizont/meront groups containing more than 1 generation have been called "cysts." However, cyst is not an accurate term because it is best used for an orally infective stage of coccidia; monozoic tissue cysts of C. canis can occur in paratenic hosts in extraintestinal organs. We recommend the term "types" as originally proposed for intestinal stages of Toxoplasma gondii and used for the original description of the life cycle of C. suis of swine when describing endogenous stages of the Sarcocystidae. Ultrastructural studies are needed to determine the precise form of multiplication of canine Cystoisospora species.
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Cystoisospora, Cyclospora, and Sarcocystis*
Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 2015Co-Authors: David S. Lindsay, Louis M. WeissAbstract:“Cystoisospora, Cyclospora, and Sarcocystis” provides an overview of the life cycles, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of these important parasites. These coccidial parasites have an environmentally resistant oocyst stage in their life cycles. They remain an important cause of diarrhea in patients in developing countries, and foodborne outbreaks still occur in developed countries. Humans are the only definitive hosts for Cystoisospora belli and Cyclospora cayetanensis and pass unsporulated oocysts in their stools. Sarcocystis requires two hosts. Humans are definitive hosts for S. hominis and S. suihominis and become infected after ingesting undercooked meat of bovids (cattle, buffalo) and pigs, respectively. Humans pass sporulated oocysts and sporocysts in their stools. Humans are also accidental intermediate hosts for one or more Sarcocystis species, and most cases are observed in Southeast Asia. Muscle sarcocysts are associated with fever and muscle pain. Diagnosis of Cystoisospora, Cyclospora, and Sarcocystis is based on microscopic examination of stool samples using acid-fast-stained slides or with UV microscopy. PCR-based methods of stool examination for oocysts have been developed. There are currently no serologic tests available to detect antibodies to these parasites and aid in their diagnosis. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with a better prognosis in AIDS patients, but clinical episodes still occur even in some patients on cART. Treatments for acute Cystoisospora and Cyclospora infections are available and effective. Apparent drug failures are most likely related to poor drug absorption or distribution rather than to true drug resistance.
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Developmental biology of Cystoisospora (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) monozoic tissue cysts.
The Journal of parasitology, 2014Co-Authors: David S. Lindsay, Alice E. Houk, Sheila M. MitchellAbstract:Abstract: Tissue cyst stages are an intriguing aspect of the developmental cycle and transmission of species of Sarcocystidae. Tissue-cyst stages of Toxoplasma, Hammondia, Neospora, Besnoitia, and Sarcocystis contain many infectious stages (bradyzoites). The tissue cyst stage of Cystoisospora (syn. Isospora) possesses only 1 infectious stage (zoite), and is therefore referred to as a monozoic tissue cyst (MZTC). No tissue cyst stages are presently known for members of Nephroisospora. The present report examines the developmental biology of MZTC stages of Cystoisospora Frenkel, 1977. These parasites cause intestinal coccidiosis in cats, dogs, pigs, and humans. The MZTC stages of C. belli are believed to be associated with reoccurrence of clinical disease in humans.
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Cystoisospora canis apicomplexa sarcocystidae development of monozoic tissue cysts in human cells demonstration of egress of zoites from tissue cysts and demonstration of repeat monozoic tissue cyst formation by zoites
Veterinary Parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: Alice E. Houk, David S. LindsayAbstract:Sporozoites of Cystoisospora canis penetrated and developed to monozoic tissue cysts in 4 human, 1 monkey, 1 bovine and 2 canine cell lines. No asexual division was documented although multiple infection of a single cell was observed. Examination of cultures using transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that they were monozoic tissue cysts and contained a single sporozoite. The appearance of monozoic tissue cysts in all cell lines was similar but the parasitophorous vacuole surrounding some sporozoites in DH82 dog macrophages was swollen. Monozoic tissue cysts were observed for up to 127 days in human pigmented retinal epithelial cells. Treatment of cell cultures containing monozoic tissue cysts with 0.75 sodium taurocholic acid and 0.25% trypsin stimulated egress of zoites (former sporozoites) from tissue cysts. Zoites collected from monozoic tissue cysts were able to penetrate and develop to monozoic tissue cysts in new host cells. Monozoic tissue cysts survived exposure to acid pepsin solution indicating that they would be orally infectious. The tissue cyst wall surrounding zoites did not autofluoresce as did oocyst and sporocyst walls exposed to UV light. We believe that C. canis can be used as a model system to study extra-intestinal monozoic tissue cysts stages of Cystoisospora belli of humans.
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experimentally induced clinical Cystoisospora canis coccidiosis in dogs with prior natural patent Cystoisospora ohioensis like or c canis infections
Journal of Parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: Alice E. Houk, Solange Maria Gennari, Anne M. Zajac, Hilda Fátima De Jesus Pena, Thomas P Oconnor, David S. LindsayAbstract:Abstract: Diarrhea caused by intestinal coccidia (Cystoisospora species) is a common problem in pet dogs and in dogs in animal shelters. Cystoisospora canis has the largest oocysts of the 4 named species of coccidia infecting dogs. The present study examined an isolate of C. canis obtained from a dog from Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Oocysts sporulated within 2 days at room temperature, and 20 sporulated oocysts were measured at 37.6 by 28.6 μm (range 35–42 by 26–31 μm). Most sporulated oocysts contained 2 sporocysts, each with 4 sporozoites, although a few (<1%) were Caryospora-like and contained 1 sporocyst with 8 sporozoites. Two experiments using a total of 11 female 6-wk-old beagles were conducted to determine the pathogenicity of oral infection with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of this isolate of C. canis. Five of the 11 dogs had natural infections with Cystoisospora ohioensis–like (n = 4) or C. canis (n = 1) species prior to the predicted patent period of 9–10 days. Ten of the dogs developed diarrhea with...
Anja Joachim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antibody and cytokine response to Cystoisospora suis infections in immune-competent young pigs.
Parasites & vectors, 2018Co-Authors: Barbara Freudenschuss, Aruna Shrestha, Ahmed Abd-elfattah, Bärbel Ruttkowski, Marc Pagès, Andrea Ladinig, Anja JoachimAbstract:Background To date, investigations on the immune response to Cystoisospora suis infections focused on suckling piglets, the age group clinically most affected. Actively immunizing piglets is unfeasible due to their immature immune system and the typically early infection in the first days after birth. Therefore, understanding and possibly enhancing the immune response of immune-competent animals is the prerequisite to develop a passive immunization strategy for piglets which currently rely on very limited treatment options.
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Cystoisospora suis – A Model of Mammalian Cystoisosporosis
Frontiers in veterinary science, 2015Co-Authors: Aruna Shrestha, Ahmed Abd-elfattah, Barbara Freudenschuss, Barbara Hinney, Nicola Palmieri, Bärbel Ruttkowski, Anja JoachimAbstract:Cystoisospora suis is a coccidian species that typically affects suckling piglets. Infections occur by oral uptake of oocysts and are characterized by non-hemorrhagic transient diarrhea resulting in poor weight gain. Apparently, primary immune responses to C. suis cannot readily be mounted by neonates which contributes to the establishment and rapid development of the parasite, while in older pigs age-resistance prevents disease development. However, the presence of extraintestinal stages, although not unequivocally demonstrated, is suspected to enable parasite persistence together with the induction and maintenance of immune response in older pigs, which in turn may facilitate the transfer of C. suis-specific factors from sow to offspring. It is assumed that neonates are particularly prone to clinical disease because infections with C. suis interfere with the establishment of the gut microbiome. Clostridia have been especially inferred to profit from the altered intestinal environment during parasite infection. New tools, particularly in the area of genomics, might illustrate the interactions between C. suis and its host and pave the way for the development of new control methods not only for porcine cystoisosporosis but also for other mammalian Cystoisospora infections. The first reference genome for C. suis is under way and will be a fertile ground to discover new drugs and vaccines. At the same time, the establishment and refinement of an in vivo model and an in vitro culture system, supporting the complete life cycle of C. suis, will underpin the functional characterization of the parasite and shed light on its biology and control. Keywords: swine, piglets, Cystoisospora suis, immunology, microbiome, coccidian
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Cystoisospora suis a model of mammalian cystoisosporosis
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2015Co-Authors: Aruna Shrestha, Barbara Freudenschuss, Barbara Hinney, Nicola Palmieri, Bärbel Ruttkowski, Ahmed Abdelfattah, Anja JoachimAbstract:Cystoisospora suis is a coccidian species that typically affects suckling piglets. Infections occur by oral uptake of oocysts and are characterized by non-hemorrhagic transient diarrhea resulting in poor weight gain. Apparently, primary immune responses to C. suis cannot readily be mounted by neonates which contributes to the establishment and rapid development of the parasite, while in older pigs age-resistance prevents disease development. However, the presence of extraintestinal stages, although not unequivocally demonstrated, is suspected to enable parasite persistence together with the induction and maintenance of immune response in older pigs, which in turn may facilitate the transfer of C. suis-specific factors from sow to offspring. It is assumed that neonates are particularly prone to clinical disease because infections with C. suis interfere with the establishment of the gut microbiome. Clostridia have been especially inferred to profit from the altered intestinal environment during parasite infection. New tools, particularly in the area of genomics, might illustrate the interactions between C. suis and its host and pave the way for the development of new control methods not only for porcine cystoisosporosis but also for other mammalian Cystoisospora infections. The first reference genome for C. suis is under way and will be a fertile ground to discover new drugs and vaccines. At the same time, the establishment and refinement of an in vivo model and an in vitro culture system, supporting the complete life cycle of C. suis, will underpin the functional characterization of the parasite and shed light on its biology and control. Keywords: swine, piglets, Cystoisospora suis, immunology, microbiome, coccidian
T.c.g. Oliveira-sequeira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from São Paulo State, Brazil.
Veterinary parasitology, 2002Co-Authors: T.c.g. Oliveira-sequeira, Alessandro Francisco Talamini Do Amarante, T.b. Ferrari, L.c. NunesAbstract:The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs, and dogs with owners was investigated by fecal examinations from 271 dogs employing sedimentation, simple flotation and centrifugation-flotation methods. The centrifugation-flotation method, when compared to simple flotation or sedimentation methods was generally more accurate in the diagnosis of all intestinal parasites, but statistical differences were detected only in relation to Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. (synonym Isospora spp.). The following parasites, with their respective prevalence, were diagnosed in the fecal samples: Ancylostoma spp. (23.6%); Toxocara canis (5.5%); Trichuris vulpis (4.8%); Spirocerca lupi (1.9%); Dipylidium caninum (0.7%); Giardia spp. (12.2%); Hammondia heydorni (2.6%); Cystoisospora spp. (8.5%); and Sarcocystis spp. (2.2%). The prevalence of most parasites was similar for dogs of mixed-breed and for dogs of a defined-breed, except for Cystoisospora spp. and T. canis which showed a significantly higher prevalence in mixed-breed dogs. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. (17.1%) was significantly lower in stray dogs than in those with an owner (31.9%) and the prevalence of Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. was higher in stray dogs (P < 0.05). No effect of season on the occurrence of the different parasite genera could be observed, except for Ancylostoma spp., for which an increase in the percentage of dogs shedding eggs was observed at the beginning of Summer with a peak occurrence during April and May (Autumn). The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp., T. canis, T. vulpis, Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. was higher in adult males than in adult females, but significant differences between the two groups occurred only with Giardia spp. Young animals were found to more frequently shed Nematode eggs in feces than adult animals.
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Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from São Paulo State, Brazil.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2001Co-Authors: T.c.g. Oliveira-sequeira, Alessandro Francisco Talamini Do Amarante, T.b. Ferrari, L.c. NunesAbstract:The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs, and dogs with owners was investigated by fecal examinations from 271 dogs employing sedimentation, simple flotation and centrifugation-flotation methods. The centrifugation-flotation method, when compared to simple flotation or sedimentation methods was generally more accurate in the diagnosis of all intestinal parasites, but statistical differences were detected only in relation to Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. (synonym Isospora spp.). The following parasites, with their respective prevalence, were diagnosed in the fecal samples: Ancylostoma spp. (23.6%); Toxocara canis (5.5%); Trichuris vulpis (4.8%); Spirocerca lupi (1.9%); Dipylidium caninum (0.7%); Giardia spp. (12.2%); Hammondia heydorni (2.6%); Cystoisospora spp. (8.5%); and Sarcocystis spp. (2.2%). The prevalence of most parasites was similar for dogs of mixed-breed and for dogs of a defined-breed, except for Cystoisospora spp. and T. canis which showed a significantly higher prevalence in mixed-breed dogs. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. (17.1%) was significantly lower in stray dogs than in those with an owner (31.9%) and the prevalence of Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. was higher in stray dogs (P
Alessandro Francisco Talamini Do Amarante - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coccidiose em cães e gatos do município de andradina, estado de são paulo, Brasil
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 2012Co-Authors: Willian Marinho Dourado Coelho, Alessandro Francisco Talamini Do Amarante, Silvia Helena Venturoli Perri, Natalia Marinho Dourado Coelho, Juliana De Carvalho Apolinário, Weslen Fabricio Pires Teixeira, Katia Denise Saraiva BrescianiAbstract:A coccidiose e uma das mais frequentes enfermidades parasitarias em pequenos animais em todo o mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a ocorrencia da infeccao por Cystoisospora em caes e gatos no Municipio de Andradina, Sao Paulo. Durante os anos de 2007 a 2009, amostras fecais de 97 gatos e 93 caes foram processadas por meio das tecnicas de flutuacao em solucao saturada de cloreto de sodio e sedimentacao espontânea. As especies foram identificadas por morfometria dos oocistos. Oocistos fecais de Cystoisospora foram encontrados em 71,1% (69/97) dos gatos, sendo que infeccao simples por C. rivolta ou por C. felis ocorreu, respectivamente, em 41,0% (16/39) e em 20,5% (8/39) dos animais, com P≥0,2319. Em 39,7% (37/93) dos caes foi detectada positividade para Cystoisospora spp., sendo a especie C. canis identificada na maior proporcao (63,9%) com P=0,0005. A partir dos resultados obtidos, nos concluimos que caes e gatos tiveram elevada ocorrencia de infeccao por Cystoisospora , sendo C. canis e C. rivolta as especies mais observadas, respectivamente.
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Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from São Paulo State, Brazil.
Veterinary parasitology, 2002Co-Authors: T.c.g. Oliveira-sequeira, Alessandro Francisco Talamini Do Amarante, T.b. Ferrari, L.c. NunesAbstract:The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs, and dogs with owners was investigated by fecal examinations from 271 dogs employing sedimentation, simple flotation and centrifugation-flotation methods. The centrifugation-flotation method, when compared to simple flotation or sedimentation methods was generally more accurate in the diagnosis of all intestinal parasites, but statistical differences were detected only in relation to Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. (synonym Isospora spp.). The following parasites, with their respective prevalence, were diagnosed in the fecal samples: Ancylostoma spp. (23.6%); Toxocara canis (5.5%); Trichuris vulpis (4.8%); Spirocerca lupi (1.9%); Dipylidium caninum (0.7%); Giardia spp. (12.2%); Hammondia heydorni (2.6%); Cystoisospora spp. (8.5%); and Sarcocystis spp. (2.2%). The prevalence of most parasites was similar for dogs of mixed-breed and for dogs of a defined-breed, except for Cystoisospora spp. and T. canis which showed a significantly higher prevalence in mixed-breed dogs. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. (17.1%) was significantly lower in stray dogs than in those with an owner (31.9%) and the prevalence of Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. was higher in stray dogs (P < 0.05). No effect of season on the occurrence of the different parasite genera could be observed, except for Ancylostoma spp., for which an increase in the percentage of dogs shedding eggs was observed at the beginning of Summer with a peak occurrence during April and May (Autumn). The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp., T. canis, T. vulpis, Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. was higher in adult males than in adult females, but significant differences between the two groups occurred only with Giardia spp. Young animals were found to more frequently shed Nematode eggs in feces than adult animals.
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Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from São Paulo State, Brazil.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2001Co-Authors: T.c.g. Oliveira-sequeira, Alessandro Francisco Talamini Do Amarante, T.b. Ferrari, L.c. NunesAbstract:The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs, and dogs with owners was investigated by fecal examinations from 271 dogs employing sedimentation, simple flotation and centrifugation-flotation methods. The centrifugation-flotation method, when compared to simple flotation or sedimentation methods was generally more accurate in the diagnosis of all intestinal parasites, but statistical differences were detected only in relation to Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. (synonym Isospora spp.). The following parasites, with their respective prevalence, were diagnosed in the fecal samples: Ancylostoma spp. (23.6%); Toxocara canis (5.5%); Trichuris vulpis (4.8%); Spirocerca lupi (1.9%); Dipylidium caninum (0.7%); Giardia spp. (12.2%); Hammondia heydorni (2.6%); Cystoisospora spp. (8.5%); and Sarcocystis spp. (2.2%). The prevalence of most parasites was similar for dogs of mixed-breed and for dogs of a defined-breed, except for Cystoisospora spp. and T. canis which showed a significantly higher prevalence in mixed-breed dogs. The prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. (17.1%) was significantly lower in stray dogs than in those with an owner (31.9%) and the prevalence of Giardia spp. and Cystoisospora spp. was higher in stray dogs (P
