The Experts below are selected from a list of 2997 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alan M Gross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
alcohol consumption and females recognition in response to Date Rape risk the role of sex related alcohol expectancies
Journal of Family Violence, 2007Co-Authors: Jennifer E Pumphreygordon, Alan M GrossAbstract:This study examined the pharmacological and psychological effects of alcohol on women’s recognition of and response to dating sexual aggression. Female participants completed measures of prior sexual victimization experiences, sex related alcohol expectancies, general alcohol expectancies, and drinking habits. Using a 2 (alcohol) × 2 (expectancy) balanced placebo research design, women were exposed to an audiotape Date Rape vignette and asked to press a button when the man’s sexual advances had gone to far. Upon pressing the button, the tape was stopped and participants were instructed to imagine themselves in the same situation and generate a response describing what they would say and/or do at that point. Results indicated that although alcohol and expectancy were not related to risk perception, individuals who consumed alcohol displayed significantly less resistant role play refusals. A significant interaction between expectancy set and pre-existing sex-related alcohol expectancies was observed indicating participants believing alcohol affects sexual behavior generated less resistant refusal responses when they expected to receive alcohol. Moreover, for those who expected to receive alcohol, stronger pre-existing sex-related alcohol expectancies predicted less resistant refusal responses over above the effects of blood alcohol level and general alcohol expectancies. The implications of these findings are discussed.
-
the impact of alcohol and alcohol expectancies on male perception of female sexual arousal in a Date Rape analog
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2001Co-Authors: Alan M Gross, Brian P Marx, Ted Bennett, Lawrence Sloan, John P JuergensAbstract:The impact of alcohol and alcohol expectancies on men's perception of female sexual arousal and men's ability to discriminate accurately female sexual intentions in a dating situation was examined. In a 2 (alcohol) x 2 (expectancy) balanced placebo design, men were exposed to an audiotape of a Date Rape and asked to signal when the man should stop making sexual advances. On 4 occasions during the vignette, participants rated how sexually aroused the woman on the tape was at that moment. Relative to controls, participants who consumed alcohol or expected to consume alcohol took significantly longer to identify the inappropriateness of the man's sexual behavior toward his Date. Similarly, alcohol participants also rated the woman's arousal level significantly higher at the first 2 refusals. Implications of the results are discussed.
-
the effects of alcohol consumption and expectancies in an experimental Date Rape analogue
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 1997Co-Authors: Brian P Marx, Alan M Gross, John P JuergensAbstract:This study examined the impact of perceived token resistance and the psychological and pharmacological effects of alcohol consumption on men's discrimination of when a female wants her partner to stop his sexual advances. In a 2 (alcohol vs. no alcohol) × 2 (expectancy vs. no expectancy) × 2 (perceived token resistance vs. no resistance) randomized factorial design, male college students were exposed to an audiotape of a Date Rape. Before listening, participants were told that on the previous Date the woman did not resist sexual contact or that she initially objected to the contact but the man was able to obtain the level of intimacy he desired. Relative to participants assigned to the no-alcohol expectancy or no-alcohol consumption group, participants in the alcohol expectancy and alcohol consumption groups took significantly longer to determine that the man should refrain from attempting further sexual contact. The implications of the findings are discussed.
-
Date Rape risk factors a review and methodological critique of the literature
Aggression and Violent Behavior, 1996Co-Authors: Brian P Marx, Victoria E Van Wie, Alan M GrossAbstract:It has been well established that Date Rape is a frequent occurrence in college students. A large body of literature has examined factors related to Date Rape in an attempt to determine its antecedents. This article reviews the current literature. Studies examining factors related to sexual victimization, characteristics suggested to be common to Date rapists, situational characteristics associated with Date Rape, and variables associated with misperceived sexual intent are reviewed. Firm conclusions about these factors, however, are hindered by methodological problems, including limited use of experimental designs, retrospective self-report data, inadequate control groups, unstandardized measurements and definitions, and analog laboratory designs. Suggestions and directions for future research are provided.
-
Date Rape an analysis of two contextual variables
Behavior Modification, 1995Co-Authors: Brian P Marx, Alan M GrossAbstract:This study examined the impact of perceived token resistance and previous sexual contact on men's discrimination of when a female wants her partner to stop his sexual advances. Male college students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Before listening to an audiotape of a Date Rape, subjects were told that the couple had been on five Dates. On the previous Date, the man had manipulated the woman's breasts or genitals. Subjects were also told that the woman did not object to this contact, or that she initially objected to the contact but subsequently stopped resisting the contact. Relative to subjects in the no-resistance condition, subjects in the perceived token resistance conditions took significantly longer to determine that the man should refrain from attempting further sexual contact. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Piotr Adamowicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Application of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization as a Screening Method for forty-two Date-Rape Drugs
2015Co-Authors: Maria Kala, Piotr AdamowiczAbstract:* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed The phenomenon of drug-facilitated crimes (sexual assaults, robbery) is common in many countries. Because of wide variety of substances used as Date-Rape drugs, their low concentration in blood and the long delay between the alleged crime and clinical examination, analysis of biological fluids collected from victims of Rapes for presence of these drugs was rare up to now. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a LC-APCI-MS screening procedure for Date-Rape drugs in blood. Target analytes were isolated using liquid-liquid extraction. Analyses were carried out using an Agilent LC/MS operating in APCI mode. Detection of all compounds was based on pseudomolecular ions that were monitored in 6 groups up to 19 ions in each group. Accuracy of the method was verified in the Qualitative Screening Analysis Program of the International Proficiency Testing Scheme with clonidine assigned concentration of 50 ng/mL. The procedure can be easily expanded for more substances. The LC-APCI-MS procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of authentic blood samples collected from victims of Rapes in routine casework
-
Simultaneous screening for and determination of 128 Date-Rape drugs in urine by gas chromatography-electron ionization-mass spectrometry
Forensic Science International, 2010Co-Authors: Piotr Adamowicz, Maria KałaAbstract:Date-Rape drugs (DRDs) are used for the purpose of "drugging" unsuspected victims and raping or robbing them while under the influence of the drug. The wide variety of substances used for criminal purposes, their low concentrations in body fluids and, often, a long time delay between the event and clinical examination make comprehensive screening analysis of biological materials collected from crime victims for the presence of these drugs very difficult. Detection of a drug used to facilitate sexual assault in biological fluids can be very important evidence of a committed crime. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple GC-EI-MS screening procedure for Date-Rape drugs in urine. Target analytes were isolated by solid-phase extraction. 2-mL urine samples were extracted and then derivatized by using BSTFA+1%TMCS reagent. Detection of all compounds was based on full-scan mass spectra and for each compound one ion was chosen for further quantification. The method allowed the simultaneous screening, detection and quantification of 128 compounds from different groups (number of compounds): opioids (20), amphetamines (11), GHB and related products (3), hallucinogens (9), benzodiazepines (18), antihistamines (9), antidepressants (14), selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (4), antipsychotics (7), barbiturates (7), other sedatives (5), muscle relaxants (2) and other drugs (19). The procedure can easily be expanded to encompass more substances. The developed method appeared to be suitable for screening for the target DRDs. The procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of authentic urine samples collected from victims of Rapes and other crimes in routine casework. Language: en
-
Date-Rape drugs scene in Poland.
Przeglad lekarski, 2005Co-Authors: Piotr Adamowicz, Maria KałaAbstract:Since the beginnings of twenty-first century in Poland increasing number of reports about the drug-facilitated sexual assaults have been observed. Many drugs have been identified as so-called "Date-Rape drugs", because of their pharmacological properties, especially inducing amnesia. These drugs are used for the purpose of "drugging" unsuspected victims and than raping them. In a typical scenario, the perpetrator surreptitiously adds "Date-Rape drug" to the alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage of an unsuspecting person, who is subsequently sexually assaulted while under the influence of this substance. Many victims do not report the incident until several days after the event or even do not report it at all. They report the incident so late after the events because they often have problems with remember the course of incident. It causes that victim is not reliable witness for justice. Detection of "Date-Rape drugs" in biological fluids is unequivocal evidence of perpetration. Analysis of biological fluids collected from victims of Rapes for presence of drugs was rare in Poland up to now. The aim of this study is to show the use of "Date-Rape drugs" in Poland. Materials for this study were from the routine casework elaborated at the Institute of Forensic Research in Krakow. APCI-LC-MS methods were applied for screening of biological fluids (blood and/or urine) for amphetamine and its 6 analogues, for 12 substances from benzodiazepine group and for quantification of the detected drugs. HPLC-DAD was used as a screening method for wide range of medicinal drugs, and NCI-GC-MS methods for determination of ketamine and tetrahydrocannabinols (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 9THC) and its metabolite (11-nor-carboxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THCCOOH). In 2000-2004, the biological fluids taken from 33 persons, both sexually assaulted or perpetrators were analysed. In 2000 and 2002 not any case of this type was registered, in 2001 only two cases were recorded. After 2003 significant increase in the number of these cases was observed. Eleven and twenty cases involving "Date-Rape drugs" were submitted to the Institute in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The most common substances detected in analysed materials were amphetamine (in concentrations ranged from 10 to 85 ng/ml) and 9THC (0.36-1.4 ng/ml). Alcohol (0.27-2.3% per hundred), MDMA (8-201 ng/ml), benzodiazepines (oxazepam, nordazepam, estazolam), propranolol and lidocaine were also found in blood and urine specimens.
Lüders Janina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A paper-based, cell-free biosensor system for the detection of heavy metals and Date Rape drugs.
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2019Co-Authors: Gräwe Alexander, Dreyer Anna, Vornholt Tobias, Barteczko Ursela, Buchholz Luzia, Drews Gila, Ho, Uyen Linh, Jackowski, Marta Eva, Kracht Melissa, Lüders JaninaAbstract:Gräwe A, Dreyer A, Vornholt T, et al. A paper-based, cell-free biosensor system for the detection of heavy metals and Date Rape drugs. PloS one. 2019;14(3): e0210940.Biosensors have emerged as a valuable tool with high specificity and sensitivity for fast and reliable detection of hazardous substances in drinking water. Numerous substances have been addressed using synthetic biology approaches. However, many proposed biosensors are based on living, genetically modified organisms and are therefore limited in shelf life, usability and biosafety. We addressed these issues by the construction of an extensible, cell-free biosensor. Storage is possible through freeze drying on paper. Following the addition of an aqueous sample, a highly efficient cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reaction is initiated. Specific allosteric transcription factors modulate the expression of 'superfolder' green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) depending on the presence of the substance of interest. The resulting fluorescence intensities are analyzed with a conventional smartphone accompanied by simple and cheap light filters. An ordinary differential equitation (ODE) model of the biosensors was developed, which enabled prediction and optimization of performance. With an optimized cell-free biosensor based on the Shigella flexneri MerR transcriptional activator, detection of 6 mug/L Hg(II) ions in water was achieved. Furthermore, a completely new biosensor for the detection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a substance used as Date-Rape drug, was established by employing the naturally occurring transcriptional repressor BlcR from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Carl S Hornfeldt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
from club drug to orphan drug sodium oxybate xyrem for the treatment of cataplexy
Pharmacotherapy, 2003Co-Authors: E David M D Fuller, Carl S HornfeldtAbstract:Narcolepsy, a rare disease with a prevalence of 0.05% in the general population, affects an estimated 140,000 patients in the United States. Patients have been able to lead fuller personal and professional lives since the Food and Drug Administration approved sodium oxybate (Xyrem) in 2002 for treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. Previously, γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), the active ingredient of sodium oxybate, had been a substance of abuse, most notoriously as a Date-Rape drug. Public Law 106–172, the Date-Rape prohibition act enacted in 2000, was modified to allow the drug to be legally administered for medical purposes. Because of the apprehension regarding the risk of possible drug diversion after the approval of sodium oxybate and concerns about safety, the Xyrem Risk Management Program was created. This program has been successful in satisfying the needs of patients and physicians while ensuring responsible distribution of the drug.
Janina Lüders - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A paper-based, cell-free biosensor system for the detection of heavy metals and Date Rape drugs
2019Co-Authors: Alexander Gräwe, Anna Dreyer, Tobias Vornholt, Ursela Barteczko, Luzia Buchholz, Gila Drews, Marta Eva Jackowski, Melissa Kracht, Janina LüdersAbstract:Biosensors have emerged as a valuable tool with high specificity and sensitivity for fast and reliable detection of hazardous substances in drinking water. Numerous substances have been addressed using synthetic biology approaches. However, many proposed biosensors are based on living, genetically modified organisms and are therefore limited in shelf life, usability and biosafety. We addressed these issues by the construction of an extensible, cell-free biosensor. Storage is possible through freeze drying on paper. Following the addition of an aqueous sample, a highly efficient cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reaction is initiated. Specific allosteric transcription factors modulate the expression of ‘superfolder’ green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) depending on the presence of the substance of interest. The resulting fluorescence intensities are analyzed with a conventional smartphone accompanied by simple and cheap light filters. An ordinary differential equitation (ODE) model of the biosensors was developed, which enabled prediction and optimization of performance. With an optimized cell-free biosensor based on the Shigella flexneri MerR transcriptional activator, detection of 6 μg/L Hg(II) ions in water was achieved. Furthermore, a completely new biosensor for the detection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a substance used as Date-Rape drug, was established by employing the naturally occurring transcriptional repressor BlcR from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
