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Stuart Brody - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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752 – Immature psychological Defense Mechanisms: association with personal importance of junk food, alcohol and television viewing
European Psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Stuart Brody, Rui Miguel CostaAbstract:Introduction Immature psychological Defense Mechanisms are psychological processes that play an important role in suppressing emotional awareness and contribute to psychopathology, including personality disorder. In addition, unhealthy food, television viewing, and alcohol consumption can be among the means to escape self-awareness. In contrast, engaging in, and responding fully to specifically penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) is associated with indices of better emotional regulation, including less use of immature Defense Mechanisms. Objective To research the association of immature Defense Mechanisms with personal importance of junk food, alcohol, television, PVI, and noncoital sex. Method In an online survey, 334 primarily Scottish women completed the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), and rated the personal importance of junk food, alcohol, television, PVI, and noncoital sex. Results Immature Defense Mechanisms correlated with personal importance of junk food, alcohol, and television. Importance of PVI correlated with mature Defenses, and less use of some component immature Defenses. Importance of alcohol correlated with importance of junk food, television, and noncoital sex. Importance of junk food was correlated with importance of television and noncoital sex. Conclusions The findings are discussed in terms of persons with poorer self-regulatory abilities having more interest in junk food, television, and alcohol, and less interest in PVI.
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immature psychological Defense Mechanisms are associated with greater personal importance of junk food alcohol and television
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2013Co-Authors: Rui Miguel Costa, Stuart BrodyAbstract:Immature psychological Defense Mechanisms are psychological processes that play an important role in suppressing emotional awareness and contribute to psychopathology. In addition, unhealthy food, television viewing, and alcohol consumption can be among the means to escape self-awareness. In contrast, engaging in, and responding fully to specifically penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) is associated with indices of better emotional regulation, including less use of immature Defense Mechanisms. There was a lack of research on the association of immature Defense Mechanisms with personal importance of junk food, alcohol, television, PVI, and noncoital sex. In an online survey, 334 primarily Scottish women completed the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), and rated the personal importance of junk food, alcohol, television, PVI, and noncoital sex. Immature Defense Mechanisms correlated with importance of junk food, alcohol, and television. Importance of PVI correlated with mature Defenses, and less use of some component immature Defenses. Importance of alcohol correlated with importance of junk food, television, and noncoital sex. Importance of junk food was correlated with importance of television and noncoital sex. The findings are discussed in terms of persons with poorer self-regulatory abilities having more interest in junk food, television, and alcohol, and less interest in PVI.
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greater tactile sensitivity and less use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms predict women s penile vaginal intercourse orgasm
The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Stuart Brody, Stephanie Houde, Ursula HessAbstract:Introduction. Previous research has suggested that diminished tactile sensitivity might be associated with reduced sexual activity and function. Research has also demonstrated significant physiological and psychological differences between sexual behaviors, including immature psychological Defense Mechanisms (associated with various psycho- pathologies) impairing specifically women's orgasm from penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI). Aims. To examine the extent to which orgasm triggered by PVI (distinguished from other sexual activities) is associated with both greater tactile sensitivity and lesser use of immature psychological Defenses. Methods. Seventy French-Canadian female university students (aged 18-30) had their finger sensitivity measured with von Frey type microfilaments, completed the Defense Style Questionnaire and a short form of the Marlowe- Crowne social desirability scale, and provided details of the 1 month (and ever) frequencies of engaging in, and having an orgasm from, PVI, masturbation, anal intercourse, partner masturbation, and cunnilingus. Main Outcome Measures. Logistic and linear regression prediction of orgasm triggered by PVI from tactile sensitivity, age, social desirability responding, and immature psychological Defenses. Results. Having a PVI orgasm in the past month was associated with greater tactile sensitivity (odds ratio = 4.0 for each filament point) and less use of immature Defense Mechanisms (odds ratio = 5.1 for each scale point). Lifetime PVI orgasm was associated only with less use of immature Defense Mechanisms (and lower social desirability responding score). Orgasms triggered by other activities were not associated with either tactile sensitivity or immature Defense Mechanisms. Tactile sensitivity was also associated with greater past month PVI frequency (inclusion of PVI frequency in a logistic regression model displaced tactile sensitivity), and lesser use of immature Defenses was associated with greater past month PVI and PVI orgasm frequencies. Conclusions. Both diminished physical sensitivity and the presence of specific psychological impairments might decrease the likelihood of women's orgasm from specifically PVI, but not other sexual activities. Brody S, Houde S, and Hess U. Greater tactile sensitivity and less use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms predict women's penile-vaginal intercourse orgasm. J Sex Med 2010;7:3057-3065.
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vaginal orgasm is associated with less use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms
The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Stuart Brody, Rui Miguel CostaAbstract:ABSTRACT Introduction Freud implied a link between inability to have a vaginal orgasm and psychosexual immaturity. Since Kinsey, many sexologists have asserted that no such link exists. However, empirical testing of the issue has been lacking. Aim The objective was to determine the relationship between different sexual behavior triggers of female orgasm and use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms. Methods Women reported their past month frequency of different sexual behaviors and corresponding orgasm rates and completed the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40). Main Outcome Measure The association between ability to have vaginal intercourse orgasm (versus clitoral orgasm) and the use of DSQ-40 immature psychological Defense Mechanisms (associated with various psychopathologies) was examined. Results In a sample of 94 healthy Portuguese women, vaginal orgasm (triggered solely by penile–vaginal intercourse) was associated with less use of DSQ-40 immature Defenses. Vaginal orgasm was associated with less somatization, dissociation, displacement, autistic fantasy, devaluation, and isolation of affect. Orgasm from clitoral stimulation or combined clitoral-intercourse stimulation was not associated with less use of immature Defenses, and was associated with more use of some immature Defenses. In one regression analysis, more masturbation and less vaginal orgasm consistency made independent contributions to the statistical prediction of immature Defenses. In another regression analysis, any use of extrinsic clitoral stimulation for intercourse orgasm, and lack of any vaginal orgasm, made independent contributions to the statistical prediction of immature Defenses. Vaginally anorgasmic women had immature Defenses scores comparable to those of established (depression, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder) outpatient psychiatric groups. Results were not confounded by social desirability responding or relationship quality. Conclusions The results linking penile–vaginal orgasm with less use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms are consistent with both early psychoanalytic personality theory and recent advances in sexual physiology. Implications for diagnosis and sex therapy are noted. Brody S, and Costa RM. Vaginal orgasm is associated with less use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms.
Rui Miguel Costa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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752 – Immature psychological Defense Mechanisms: association with personal importance of junk food, alcohol and television viewing
European Psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Stuart Brody, Rui Miguel CostaAbstract:Introduction Immature psychological Defense Mechanisms are psychological processes that play an important role in suppressing emotional awareness and contribute to psychopathology, including personality disorder. In addition, unhealthy food, television viewing, and alcohol consumption can be among the means to escape self-awareness. In contrast, engaging in, and responding fully to specifically penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) is associated with indices of better emotional regulation, including less use of immature Defense Mechanisms. Objective To research the association of immature Defense Mechanisms with personal importance of junk food, alcohol, television, PVI, and noncoital sex. Method In an online survey, 334 primarily Scottish women completed the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), and rated the personal importance of junk food, alcohol, television, PVI, and noncoital sex. Results Immature Defense Mechanisms correlated with personal importance of junk food, alcohol, and television. Importance of PVI correlated with mature Defenses, and less use of some component immature Defenses. Importance of alcohol correlated with importance of junk food, television, and noncoital sex. Importance of junk food was correlated with importance of television and noncoital sex. Conclusions The findings are discussed in terms of persons with poorer self-regulatory abilities having more interest in junk food, television, and alcohol, and less interest in PVI.
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immature psychological Defense Mechanisms are associated with greater personal importance of junk food alcohol and television
Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, 2013Co-Authors: Rui Miguel Costa, Stuart BrodyAbstract:Immature psychological Defense Mechanisms are psychological processes that play an important role in suppressing emotional awareness and contribute to psychopathology. In addition, unhealthy food, television viewing, and alcohol consumption can be among the means to escape self-awareness. In contrast, engaging in, and responding fully to specifically penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) is associated with indices of better emotional regulation, including less use of immature Defense Mechanisms. There was a lack of research on the association of immature Defense Mechanisms with personal importance of junk food, alcohol, television, PVI, and noncoital sex. In an online survey, 334 primarily Scottish women completed the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40), and rated the personal importance of junk food, alcohol, television, PVI, and noncoital sex. Immature Defense Mechanisms correlated with importance of junk food, alcohol, and television. Importance of PVI correlated with mature Defenses, and less use of some component immature Defenses. Importance of alcohol correlated with importance of junk food, television, and noncoital sex. Importance of junk food was correlated with importance of television and noncoital sex. The findings are discussed in terms of persons with poorer self-regulatory abilities having more interest in junk food, television, and alcohol, and less interest in PVI.
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vaginal orgasm is associated with less use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms
The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Stuart Brody, Rui Miguel CostaAbstract:ABSTRACT Introduction Freud implied a link between inability to have a vaginal orgasm and psychosexual immaturity. Since Kinsey, many sexologists have asserted that no such link exists. However, empirical testing of the issue has been lacking. Aim The objective was to determine the relationship between different sexual behavior triggers of female orgasm and use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms. Methods Women reported their past month frequency of different sexual behaviors and corresponding orgasm rates and completed the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40). Main Outcome Measure The association between ability to have vaginal intercourse orgasm (versus clitoral orgasm) and the use of DSQ-40 immature psychological Defense Mechanisms (associated with various psychopathologies) was examined. Results In a sample of 94 healthy Portuguese women, vaginal orgasm (triggered solely by penile–vaginal intercourse) was associated with less use of DSQ-40 immature Defenses. Vaginal orgasm was associated with less somatization, dissociation, displacement, autistic fantasy, devaluation, and isolation of affect. Orgasm from clitoral stimulation or combined clitoral-intercourse stimulation was not associated with less use of immature Defenses, and was associated with more use of some immature Defenses. In one regression analysis, more masturbation and less vaginal orgasm consistency made independent contributions to the statistical prediction of immature Defenses. In another regression analysis, any use of extrinsic clitoral stimulation for intercourse orgasm, and lack of any vaginal orgasm, made independent contributions to the statistical prediction of immature Defenses. Vaginally anorgasmic women had immature Defenses scores comparable to those of established (depression, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder) outpatient psychiatric groups. Results were not confounded by social desirability responding or relationship quality. Conclusions The results linking penile–vaginal orgasm with less use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms are consistent with both early psychoanalytic personality theory and recent advances in sexual physiology. Implications for diagnosis and sex therapy are noted. Brody S, and Costa RM. Vaginal orgasm is associated with less use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms.
P. Cramer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Understanding Defense Mechanisms.
Psychodynamic psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: P. CramerAbstract:Understanding Defense Mechanisms is an important part of psychotherapy. In this article, we trace the history of the concept of Defense, from its origin with Freud to current views. The issue of Defense as an unconscious mechanism is examined. The question of whether Defenses are pathological, as well as their relation to pathology, is discussed. The effect of psychotherapy on the use of Defenses, and their relation to a therapeutic alliance is explored. A series of empirical research studies that demonstrate the functioning of Defense Mechanisms and that support the theory is presented. Research also shows that as part of normal development, different Defenses emerge at different developmental periods, and that gender differences in Defense use occur.
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IQ and Defense Mechanisms Assessed with the TAT
Rorschachiana, 2015Co-Authors: P. CramerAbstract:Abstract. The concept of Defense mechanism has a long history in psychoanalysis and clinical psychopathology. The function of Defenses has been modified over the years, from a counter-force against instincts to the protection of self-esteem. To understand the role of Defenses in pathological and normal development, a coding method to use with Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) stories – the Defense Mechanism Manual (Cramer, 1991a) – has been developed and validated. Three broad Defenses – Denial, Projection, and Identification – may be coded with this method. The article presents examples of TAT stories that have been coded for Defense use. These show how Defense use changes after a period of psychotherapy, and how Defenses change with age. Evidence for reliability and validity is provided, both from correlational and experimental studies. The remainder of the paper focuses on the relation between the use of Defense Mechanisms and intelligence. Research has shown that the two ego functions of Defense and IQ...
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Defense Mechanisms
Encyclopedia of Mental Health: Second Edition, 2015Co-Authors: P. Cramer, John H PorcerelliAbstract:This article will provide a description of Defense Mechanisms; a brief history of Defenses beginning with the work of Sigmund Freud; the motivating factors behind Defense use; an overview of the more commonly used Defenses; the relationship between Defenses and psychopathology; the development of Defenses in children, adolescents, and young adults; measures of Defense Mechanisms; and selected contemporary research studies on Defense Mechanisms.
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protecting the self Defense Mechanisms in action
Guilford Publications, 2006Co-Authors: P. CramerAbstract:Part I: Defenses in Everyday Life. Introduction. Development of Defenses. Part II: A Closer Look at Three Defenses. Denial. Projection. Identification. Part III: Defense Mechanisms in Action. Defenses in Childhood: Stress and Psychopathology. Stress and Defense Use in Adulthood. Defenses and Personality. Gender Differences and Defenses. Studying Defenses Over Time: Longitudinal Studies. Part IV: Defenses and Psychopathology. Defenses and Psychopathology in Adult Community and Student Samples. Defenses and Psychopathology in Adult Psychiatric Patients. Defenses and Psychotherapy. Case Studies. Part V: Assessment of Defenses. Explaining the Defense Mechanism Manual. Other Approaches to Assessing Defense Mechanisms.
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Defense Mechanisms, behavior, and affect in young adulthood.
Journal of Personality, 2002Co-Authors: P. CramerAbstract:: The relationship between Defense mechanism use, observed behavior, and affect was investigated in a sample of 91 young adults. Defense Mechanisms were assessed using Cramer's (1991a) Defense Mechanism Manual for TAT stories; behavior was based on observer Q-sort ratings (Block, 1978). The findings show that men and women who rely on the immature Defense of denial at age 23 show multiple signs of behavioral immaturity, as well as anxiety. In contrast, extensive use of projection was related to a suspicious, hyperalert personality style, including anxiety and depression, in men, but to a sociable, nonwary, nondepressed style in women. The use of the mature Defense of identification, by women, was related to behavior characterized by maturity, social competence, and the absence of depressive symptoms.
Aphrodite Tsalgatidou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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taxonomy of attacks and Defense Mechanisms in p2p reputation systems lessons for reputation system designers
Computer Science Review, 2012Co-Authors: Eleni Koutrouli, Aphrodite TsalgatidouAbstract:A B S T R A C T Robust and credible reputation systems are essential for the functionality of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications. However, they themselves are susceptible to various types of attacks. Since most current efforts lack an exploration of a comprehensive adversary model, we try to fi ll in this gap by providing a thorough view of the various credibility threats against a decentralized reputation system and the respective Defense Mechanisms. Therefore, we explore and classify the types of potential attacks against reputation systems for P2P applications. We also study and classify the Defense Mechanisms which have been proposed for each type of attack and identify confl icts between Defense Mechanisms and/or desirable characteristics of credible reputations systems. We fi nally propose a roadmap for reputation system designers on how to use the results of our survey for the design of robust reputation systems for P2P applications. c
Ursula Hess - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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greater tactile sensitivity and less use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms predict women s penile vaginal intercourse orgasm
The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Stuart Brody, Stephanie Houde, Ursula HessAbstract:Introduction. Previous research has suggested that diminished tactile sensitivity might be associated with reduced sexual activity and function. Research has also demonstrated significant physiological and psychological differences between sexual behaviors, including immature psychological Defense Mechanisms (associated with various psycho- pathologies) impairing specifically women's orgasm from penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI). Aims. To examine the extent to which orgasm triggered by PVI (distinguished from other sexual activities) is associated with both greater tactile sensitivity and lesser use of immature psychological Defenses. Methods. Seventy French-Canadian female university students (aged 18-30) had their finger sensitivity measured with von Frey type microfilaments, completed the Defense Style Questionnaire and a short form of the Marlowe- Crowne social desirability scale, and provided details of the 1 month (and ever) frequencies of engaging in, and having an orgasm from, PVI, masturbation, anal intercourse, partner masturbation, and cunnilingus. Main Outcome Measures. Logistic and linear regression prediction of orgasm triggered by PVI from tactile sensitivity, age, social desirability responding, and immature psychological Defenses. Results. Having a PVI orgasm in the past month was associated with greater tactile sensitivity (odds ratio = 4.0 for each filament point) and less use of immature Defense Mechanisms (odds ratio = 5.1 for each scale point). Lifetime PVI orgasm was associated only with less use of immature Defense Mechanisms (and lower social desirability responding score). Orgasms triggered by other activities were not associated with either tactile sensitivity or immature Defense Mechanisms. Tactile sensitivity was also associated with greater past month PVI frequency (inclusion of PVI frequency in a logistic regression model displaced tactile sensitivity), and lesser use of immature Defenses was associated with greater past month PVI and PVI orgasm frequencies. Conclusions. Both diminished physical sensitivity and the presence of specific psychological impairments might decrease the likelihood of women's orgasm from specifically PVI, but not other sexual activities. Brody S, Houde S, and Hess U. Greater tactile sensitivity and less use of immature psychological Defense Mechanisms predict women's penile-vaginal intercourse orgasm. J Sex Med 2010;7:3057-3065.
