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M. A. Soriano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deficit Irrigation for reducing agricultural water use
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2007Co-Authors: Elias Fereres, M. A. SorianoAbstract:At present and more so in the future, irrigated agriculture will take place under water scarcity. Insufficient water supply for Irrigation will be the norm rather than the exception, and Irrigation management will shift from emphasizing production per unit area towards maximizing the production per unit of water consumed, the water productivity. To cope with scarce supplies, Deficit Irrigation, defined as the application of water below full crop-water requirements (evapotranspiration), is an important tool to achieve the goal of reducing Irrigation water use. While Deficit Irrigation is widely practised over millions of hectares for a number of reasons - from inadequate network design to excessive Irrigation expansion relative to catchment supplies - it has not received sufficient attention in research. Its use in reducing water consumption for biomass production, and for Irrigation of annual and perennial crops is reviewed here. There is potential for improving water productivity in many field crops and there is sufficient information for defining the best Deficit Irrigation strategy for many situations. One conclusion is that the level of Irrigation supply under Deficit Irrigation should be relatively high in most cases, one that permits achieving 60-100% of full evapotranspiration. Several cases on the successful use of regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) in fruit trees and vines are reviewed, showing that RDI not only increases water productivity, but also farmers' profits. Research linking the physiological basis of these responses to the design of RDI strategies is likely to have a significant impact in increasing its adoption in water-limited areas.
D. Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Water Use Dynamics of Peach Trees under Postharvest Deficit Irrigation
Journal of Agricultural Studies, 2015Co-Authors: D. WangAbstract:Postharvest Deficit Irrigation is a potential strategy for conserving valuable fresh water for production of early season tree fruit crops such as peaches. However, water use dynamics under Deficit Irrigation conditions that can be described as seasonal changes in crop evapotranspiration (ET c ) and crop coefficient (K c ) are largely unknown. A three-year field study was carried out in a 1.6 ha peach orchard to determine seasonal ET c and K c characteristics. The orchard was divided equally into 72 plots, in which 12 randomly selected plots received Deficit Irrigation and the remaining 60 plots received full Irrigation. A Bowen ratio flux tower was installed in the orchard to make meteorological measurements for estimating an integrated ET c for the orchard. The study showed that from July to August 75-85% of the daily net radiation was used by latent heat or partitioned into ET c . The average monthly cumulative ET c was 151 mm in June, 162 mm in July, and 155 mm in August. K c values under Deficit Irrigation conditions or termed as Deficit_K c was computed as ratios of the ET c over potential evapotranspiration or ET o , and were compared with K c derived from a lysimeter study under non-water stressed conditions or termed as Lysimeter_K c . The maximum Deficit_K c values were 0.90, 1.03, and 1.07 for the three field seasons but all were smaller than 1.20, the maximum Lysimeter_K c . The study demonstrated that water stress under Deficit Irrigation can be characterized in K c values. The approach may be used to detect if portions of an orchard or the entire orchard are under water stress. Conversely, the method may provide guidance on deploying Deficit Irrigation practices with pre-determined Deficit_K c .
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Deficit Irrigation of peach trees to reduce water consumption
Water Resources Management VI, 2011Co-Authors: D. WangAbstract:Lack of water is a major limiting factor for production tree fruits such as peaches in the San Joaquin Valley of California and many other arid- or semi-arid regions in the world. Deficit Irrigation can be used in some cropping systems as a water resource management strategy to reduce non-productive water consumption. A difficulty in using Deficit Irrigation is the lack of techniques for quickly and accurately measuring plant water status so as not to cause irreversible damage on the plants, especially in perennial species such as vine and tree crops. Field measurements and analyses were carried out in a multi-year experiment to evaluate Deficit Irrigation strategies for managing postharvest reduced water application of peach trees. Micrometeorological variables were collected near the center of the orchard for energy balance computations and infrared temperature sensors were installed in different field areas which received full or Deficit Irrigation treatments. Results indicated that with approximately 30-40% of the full seasonal water use, Deficit Irrigation with furrows produced peach yield similar to full Irrigation. With subsurface drip Irrigation, Deficit water application at 25-30% of the full rate reduced the yield in the first year but not the second year. Smaller fruit sizes were found under the severe Deficit treatment in the subsurface drip Irrigation method. Measured midday canopy to air temperature differences in the water-stressed postharvest Deficit Irrigation treatments were consistently higher than that in the full Irrigation control treatments. Crop water stress index was estimated and consistently higher values were found in the Deficit Irrigation than in the full Irrigation control treatments. The study clearly showed that with carefully measured water stress levels, Deficit Irrigation is a potential management strategy for reducing water consumption in growing peaches.
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infrared canopy temperature of early ripening peach trees under postharvest Deficit Irrigation
Agricultural Water Management, 2010Co-Authors: D. Wang, Jim GartungAbstract:Canopy temperature measurements with infrared thermometry have been extensively studied as a means of assessing plant water status for field and row crops but not for fruit trees such as peaches. Like in many regions of the world, the lack of water is beginning to impact production of tree fruit such as peaches in the San Joaquin Valley of California. This is an area where Irrigation is the only source of water for agricultural crops in the summer growing season. A two-year field study was conducted to assess plant water stress using infrared canopy temperature measurements and to examine its feasibility for managing postharvest Deficit Irrigation of peach trees. Twelve infrared temperature sensors were installed in a mature peach orchard which received four Irrigation treatments: furrow and subsurface drip Irrigation with or without postharvest water stress. During the two-year period, measured midday canopy to air temperature differences in the water-stressed postharvest Deficit Irrigation treatments were in the 5-7 °C range, which were consistently higher than the 1.4-2 °C range found in the non-water-stressed control treatments. A reasonable correlation (R2 = 0.67-0.70) was obtained between stem water potential and the canopy to air temperature difference, indicating the possibility of using the canopy temperature to trigger Irrigation events. Crop water stress index (CWSI) was estimated and consistently higher CWSI values were found in the Deficit Irrigation than in the control treatments. Results of yield and fruit quality assessments were consistent with the literature when Deficit Irrigation was deployed.
J M Faci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deficit Irrigation in maize for reducing agricultural water use in a mediterranean environment
Agricultural Water Management, 2009Co-Authors: I Farre, J M FaciAbstract:Research on crop response to Deficit Irrigation is important to reduce agricultural water use in areas where water is a limited resource. Two field experiments were conducted on a loam soil in northeast Spain to characterize the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to Deficit Irrigation under surface Irrigation. The growing season was divided into three phases: vegetative, flowering and grain filling. The Irrigation treatments consisted of all possible combinations of full Irrigation or limited Irrigation in the three phases. Limited Irrigation was applied by increasing the interval between Irrigations. Soil water status, crop growth, above-ground biomass, yield and its components were measured. Results showed that flowering was the most sensitive stage to water Deficit, with reductions in biomass, yield and harvest index. Average grain yield of treatments with Deficit Irrigation around flowering (691 g m-2) was significantly lower than that of the well-irrigated treatments (1069 g m(2). Yield reduction was mainly due to a lower number of grains per square metre. Deficit Irrigation or higher interval between Irrigations during the grain filling phase did not significantly affect crop growth and yield. It was possible to maintain relatively high yields in maize if small water Deficits caused by increasing the interval between Irrigations were limited to periods other than the flowering stage. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was higher in treatments fully irrigated around flowering.
Elias Fereres - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deficit Irrigation for reducing agricultural water use
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2007Co-Authors: Elias Fereres, M. A. SorianoAbstract:At present and more so in the future, irrigated agriculture will take place under water scarcity. Insufficient water supply for Irrigation will be the norm rather than the exception, and Irrigation management will shift from emphasizing production per unit area towards maximizing the production per unit of water consumed, the water productivity. To cope with scarce supplies, Deficit Irrigation, defined as the application of water below full crop-water requirements (evapotranspiration), is an important tool to achieve the goal of reducing Irrigation water use. While Deficit Irrigation is widely practised over millions of hectares for a number of reasons - from inadequate network design to excessive Irrigation expansion relative to catchment supplies - it has not received sufficient attention in research. Its use in reducing water consumption for biomass production, and for Irrigation of annual and perennial crops is reviewed here. There is potential for improving water productivity in many field crops and there is sufficient information for defining the best Deficit Irrigation strategy for many situations. One conclusion is that the level of Irrigation supply under Deficit Irrigation should be relatively high in most cases, one that permits achieving 60-100% of full evapotranspiration. Several cases on the successful use of regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) in fruit trees and vines are reviewed, showing that RDI not only increases water productivity, but also farmers' profits. Research linking the physiological basis of these responses to the design of RDI strategies is likely to have a significant impact in increasing its adoption in water-limited areas.
João Abel Da Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sap flow in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango trees under regulated Deficit Irrigation
2019Co-Authors: Carlos Elizio Cotrim, Marcelo Rocha Dos Santos, Maurício Antônio Coelho Filho, Eugênio Ferreira Coelho, João Abel Da SilvaAbstract:Abstract Knowledge of transpiration is of fundamental importance for improving Irrigation management. This study measured sap flow of the 'Tommy Atkins' mango tree using Granier’s thermal dissipation probe method under regulated Deficit Irrigation. The work was conducted in a 10-year-old ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango orchard, irrigated by micro sprinkler, located in the Irrigated Perimeter of Ceraíma, in Guanambi, Bahia, Brazil. Sap flow measurements were carried out on three consecutive days in plants under regulated Deficit Irrigation, with reductions of 30 and 60% of crop evapotranspiration in three phases of fruit development; beginning of flowering to early fruit growth (Phase I), fruit expansion (Phase II) and physiological maturation of fruits (Phase III). Regulated Deficit Irrigation led to reduced sap flow in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango tree.
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Sap flow in 'Tommy Atkins' mango trees under regulated Deficit Irrigation.
Revista Ambiente & Água Taubaté v. 14 n. 3 e2316 2019., 2019Co-Authors: Cotrim C. E., Santos M. R. Dos, Coelho Filho M. A., Coelho E. F., João Abel Da SilvaAbstract:Knowledge of transpiration is of fundamental importance for improving Irrigation management. This study measured sap flow of the 'Tommy Atkins' mango tree using Granier?s thermal dissipation probe method under regulated Deficit Irrigation. The work was conducted in a 10-year-old ?Tommy Atkins? mango orchard, irrigated by micro sprinkler, located in the Irrigated Perimeter of Ceraíma, in Guanambi, Bahia, Brazil. Sap flow measurements were carried out on three consecutive days in plants under regulated Deficit Irrigation, with reductions of 30 and 60% of crop evapotranspiration in three phases of fruit development; beginning of flowering to early fruit growth (Phase I), fruit expansion (Phase II) and physiological maturation of fruits (Phase III). Regulated Deficit Irrigation led to reduced sap flow in ?Tommy Atkins? mango tree.bitstream/item/203450/1/Sap-flow-in-Tommy-Atkins.pd
