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Chris J. A. Moulin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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history repeating itself arnaud s case of pathological Deja Vu
Cortex, 2017Co-Authors: Julie Marilyne Bertrand, Léa M. Martinon, Céline Souchay, Chris J. A. MoulinAbstract:We present a translation of Arnaud's (1896) case report of Patient Louis, a case he describes as having a pathological form of Deja Vu. Louis has the delusional belief that the present moment is a repetition of an exact same previous event. Arnaud's paper is critical for two reasons. Firstly, it is amongst the first articles in the scientific literature to describe the Deja Vu experience using the term ‘Deja Vu’. Secondly, the case report of someone with delusional and persistent Deja Vu, anticipates recently reported cases with similar symptoms, which are beginning to gain interest as a particular form of memory disorder. We offer a contemporary analysis of Louis and conclude that, whilst the article was critical in the development of Deja Vu as a scientific concern, Louis's distorted memory is not best described as Deja Vu, but rather as a form of reduplicative paramnesia described as recollective confabulation.
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Investigating the Role of Assessment Method on Reports of Déjà Vu and Tip-of-the-Tongue States during Standard Recognition Tests
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: Radka Jersakova, Chris J. A. Moulin, Akira Robert O'connorAbstract:Deja Vu and tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) are retrieval-related subjective experiences whose study relies on participant self-report. In four experiments (ns = 224, 273, 123 and 154), we explored the effect of questioning method on reported occurrence of Deja Vu and TOT in experimental settings. All participants carried out a continuous recognition task, which was not expected to induce Deja Vu or TOT, but were asked about their experiences of these subjective states. When presented with contemporary definitions, between 32% and 58% of participants nonetheless reported experiencing Deja Vu or TOT. Changing the definition of Deja Vu or asking participants to bring to mind a real-life instance of Deja Vu or TOT before completing the recognition task had no impact on reporting rates. However, there was an indication that changing the method of requesting subjective reports impacted reporting of both experiences. More specifically, moving from the commonly used retrospective questioning (e.g. “Have you experienced Deja Vu?”) to free report instructions (e.g. “Indicate whenever you experience Deja Vu.”) reduced the total number of reported Deja Vu and TOT occurrences. We suggest that research on subjective experiences should move toward free report assessments. Such a shift would potentially reduce the presence of false alarms in experimental work, thereby reducing the overestimation of subjective experiences prevalent in this area of research.
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What is French for déjà Vu? Descriptions of déjà Vu in native French and English speakers
Consciousness and cognition, 2015Co-Authors: Jonathan Fortier, Chris J. A. MoulinAbstract:Abstract Little is known about how people characterise and classify the experience of Deja Vu. The term Deja Vu might capture a range of different phenomena and people may use it differently. We examined the description of Deja Vu in two languages: French and English, hypothesising that the use of Deja Vu would vary between the two languages. In French, the phrase Deja Vu can be used to indicate a veridical experience of recognition – as in “I have already seen this face before”. However, the same is not true in English. In an online questionnaire, we found equal rates of Deja Vu amongst French and English speakers, and key differences in how the experience was described. As expected, the French group described the experience as being more frequent, but there was the unexpected finding that they found it to be more troubling.
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Persistent psychogenic déjà Vu: a case report
Journal of medical case reports, 2014Co-Authors: Christine Wells, Chris J. A. Moulin, Paige Ethridge, Nathan A Illman, Emma Davies, Adam ZemanAbstract:Introduction Deja Vu is typically a transient mental state in which a novel experience feels highly familiar. Although extensively studied in relation to temporal lobe epilepsy as part of simple partial seizures, Deja Vu has been less studied in other clinical populations. A recent review of temporal lobe epilepsy suggested a possible link between clinical levels of anxiety and debilitating Deja Vu, indicating further research is required. Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating Deja Vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and Deja Vu.
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Déjà Vu experiences in healthy subjects are unrelated to laboratory tests of recollection and familiarity for word stimuli.
Frontiers in psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Akira Robert O'connor, Chris J. A. MoulinAbstract:Recent neuropsychological and neuroscientific research suggests that people who experience more Deja Vu display characteristic patterns in normal recognition memory. We conducted a large individual differences study (n = 206) to test these predictions using recollection and familiarity parameters recovered from a standard memory task. Participants reported Deja Vu frequency and a number of its correlates, and completed a recognition memory task analogous to a Remember-Know procedure. The individual difference measures replicated an established correlation between Deja Vu frequency and frequency of travel, and recognition performance showed well-established word frequency and accuracy effects. Contrary to predictions, no relationships were found between Deja Vu frequency and recollection or familiarity memory parameters from the recognition test. We suggest that Deja Vu in the healthy population reflects a mismatch between errant memory signalling and memory monitoring processes not easily characterised by standard recognition memory task performance.
Fabrice Bartolomei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rhinal-hippocampal interactions during déjà Vu
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2011Co-Authors: Fabrice Bartolomei, Emmanuel J Barbeau, Aileen Mcgonigal, Patrick Chauvel, Trung Nguyen, Jean Régis, Fabrice WendlingAbstract:Abstract Objective The phenomenon of ‘ Deja Vu ' is caused by acute disturbance of mnemonic systems of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). In epileptic patients investigated with intracerebral electrodes, Deja Vu can be more readily induced by stimulation of the rhinal cortices (RCs) than the hippocampus (H). Whether Deja Vu results from acute dysfunction of the familiarity system alone (sustained by RC) or from more extensive involvement of the MTL region (including H) is debatable. Methods We analysed the synchronisation of intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded from RC, H and amygdala (A) in epileptic patients in whom Deja Vu was induced by electrical stimulation. EEG signal correlations (between signals from RC, A and H) were evaluated using a nonlinear regression. Results In comparison with RC stimulations that did not lead to Deja Vu (DV−), stimulations triggering Deja Vu (DV+) were associated with increased broadband EEG correlation ( p =0.01). Changes in correlations were significantly different in the theta band for RC–A ( p =0.007) and RC–H ( p =0.01) and in the beta band for RC–H ( p =0.001) interactions. Conclusion Deja Vu is associated with increased EEG signal correlation between MTL structures. Significance Results are in favour of a mechanism involving transient co-operation between various MTL structures, not limited to RC alone.
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Deja Vu in temporal lobe epilepsy metabolic pattern of cortical involvement in patients with normal brain mri
Neuropsychologia, 2010Co-Authors: Eric Guedj, Aileen Mcgonigal, Sandrine Aubert, Olivier Mundler, Fabrice BartolomeiAbstract:To contribute to the identification of brain regions involved in Deja-Vu, we studied the metabolic pattern of cortical involvement in patients with seizures of temporal lobe origin presenting with or without Deja-Vu. Using voxel-based analysis of 18FDG-PET brain scans, we compared glucose metabolic rate of 8 patients with Deja-Vu, 8 patients without Deja-Vu, and 20 age-matched healthy subjects. Patients were selected after comprehensive non-invasive presurgical evaluation, including normal brain MRI and surface electroclinical features compatible with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Patients with and without Deja-Vu did not differ in terms of age, gender, epilepsy lateralization, epilepsy onset, epilepsy duration, and other subjective ictal manifestations. TLE patients with Deja-Vu exhibited ipsilateral hypometabolism of superior temporal gyrus and of parahippocampal region, in the vicinity of perirhinal/entorhinal cortex, in comparison either to healthy subjects or to TLE patients without Deja-Vu (p<0.05 FDR-corrected). By contrast, no difference was found between patient subgroups for hypometabolism of hippocampus and amygdala. At an individual-level, in comparison to healthy subjects, hypometabolism of both parahippocampal region and superior temporal gyrus was present in 7/8 patients with Deja-Vu. Hippocampal metabolism was spared in 3 of these 7 patients. These findings argue for metabolic dysfunction of a medial-lateral temporal network in patients with Deja-Vu and normal brain MRI. Within the medial temporal lobe, specific involvement of the parahippocampal region, often in the absence of hippocampal impairment, suggests that the feeling of familiarity during seizures greatly depends on alteration of the recognition memory system.
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Déjà-Vu in temporal lobe epilepsy: metabolic pattern of cortical involvement in patients with normal brain MRI.
Neuropsychologia, 2010Co-Authors: Eric Guedj, Aileen Mcgonigal, Sandrine Aubert, Olivier Mundler, Fabrice BartolomeiAbstract:To contribute to the identification of brain regions involved in Deja-Vu, we studied the metabolic pattern of cortical involvement in patients with seizures of temporal lobe origin presenting with or without Deja-Vu. Using voxel-based analysis of 18FDG-PET brain scans, we compared glucose metabolic rate of 8 patients with Deja-Vu, 8 patients without Deja-Vu, and 20 age-matched healthy subjects. Patients were selected after comprehensive non-invasive presurgical evaluation, including normal brain MRI and surface electroclinical features compatible with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Patients with and without Deja-Vu did not differ in terms of age, gender, epilepsy lateralization, epilepsy onset, epilepsy duration, and other subjective ictal manifestations. TLE patients with Deja-Vu exhibited ipsilateral hypometabolism of superior temporal gyrus and of parahippocampal region, in the vicinity of perirhinal/entorhinal cortex, in comparison either to healthy subjects or to TLE patients without Deja-Vu (p
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cortical stimulation study of the role of rhinal cortex in Deja Vu and reminiscence of memories
Neurology, 2004Co-Authors: Fabrice Bartolomei, Emmanuel J Barbeau, Martine Gavaret, Maxime Guye, Aileen Mcgonigal, J Regis, Patrick ChauvelAbstract:Objective: To study the role of perirhinal (PC) and entorhinal cortices (EC) in dreamy state symptoms (Deja Vu and reminiscence of scenes). These phenomena have been attributed to functional alteration of memory networks sup- ported by the medial temporal lobes, principally involving the amygdala and hippocampus. The role of sub-hippocampal structures (EC and PC) in inducing these phenomena has not previously been addressed. Methods: The authors studied the symptoms evoked by direct electrical stimulations of PC and EC in comparison with those obtained after stimulation of the amygdala and hippocampus. Stimulations were performed in a group of 24 patients with epilepsy, during stereo- electroencephalographic (SEEG) recordings in the setting of presurgical evaluation. All patients had electrodes that sampled the rhinal cortices, amygdala, and hippocampus. Results: A total of 280 stimulations were analyzed. Entorhinal and perirhinal stimulations induced classic mesial temporal lobe responses (emotional, dysautonomic) but also more specific responses, particularly the Deja Vu phenomenon and reminiscence of scenes. Such Deja Vu or Deja vecu type responses were produced proportionately more often by stimulation of the EC than by stimulation of the amygdala and hippocampus. In particular, Deja Vu was associated with stimulation of the EC and reminiscence of memories with PC stimulation. Conclusion: This study strongly suggests that experiential symptoms are largely dependent upon functional modification of the physiology of the rhinal cortices. NEUROLOGY 2004;63:858 -864 Experiential mnemonic phenomena may occur dur- ing partial seizures involving the temporal lobe and may be reproduced by direct human brain stimula- tion. 1 Jackson 2 gave the first description of the phe- nomena that he called "dreamy state." He included two main alterations of memory: feeling of reminis- cence, in which the subject has the feeling that the current experience is a repetition of an episode already lived, now usually termed Deja Vu or Deja vecu (DV), and vivid hallucination of scenes, in which the subject remembers an earlier episode of his or her life. For Jackson, the dreamy state resulted from hyperactivity of normal neural regions, due to liberation from the control of higher centers impaired by epileptic activity. Later, Penfield and Jasper also studied the phe- nomenon of dreamy state and, unlike Jackson, grouped sensory illusions (auditory, sensory, or vi- sual), emotional disturbances, and the feeling of rem- iniscence 3 all within the same category ("interpretive illusions"). Under "experiential hallucinations," Pen- field and Perrot 4 included the reminiscence of memo- ries ("tape recorder recall") but also crude auditory and visual hallucinations. Penfield and Perrot found that both categories of phenomena were evoked by electrical stimulations of the lateral temporal neocor- tex, particularly the superior temporal gyrus.
Akira Robert O'connor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fMRI evidence supporting the role of memory conflict in the déjà Vu experience
Memory (Hove England), 2018Co-Authors: Josephine A. Urquhart, Magali H. Sivakumaran, Jennifer A. Macfarlane, Akira Robert O'connorAbstract:Attempts to generate Deja Vu experimentally have largely focused on engineering partial familiarity for stimuli, relying on an ensuing, but unprompted evaluation of conflict to generate the experience. Without verification that experimentally-generated familiarity is accompanied by the awareness of stimulus novelty, these experimental procedures potentially provide an incomplete Deja Vu analogue. We used a modified version of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory procedure to generate both familiarity and novelty within a Deja Vu analogue - we coupled experimentally-generated familiarity with cues indicating that the familiarity was erroneous, using this additional source of mnemonic information to generate cognitive conflict in our participants. We collected fMRI and behavioural data from 21 participants, 16 of whom reported Deja Vu. Using univariate contrasts we identified brain regions associated with mnemonic conflict, including the anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex. This is the first experiment to image an analogue of the Deja Vu experience in healthy volunteers. The increased likelihood of Deja Vu reports to DRM critical lures correctly identified as "new", and the activation of neural substrates supporting the experience of cognitive conflict during Deja Vu, suggest that the resolution of memory conflict may play an integral role in Deja Vu.
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Investigating the Role of Assessment Method on Reports of Déjà Vu and Tip-of-the-Tongue States during Standard Recognition Tests
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: Radka Jersakova, Chris J. A. Moulin, Akira Robert O'connorAbstract:Deja Vu and tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) are retrieval-related subjective experiences whose study relies on participant self-report. In four experiments (ns = 224, 273, 123 and 154), we explored the effect of questioning method on reported occurrence of Deja Vu and TOT in experimental settings. All participants carried out a continuous recognition task, which was not expected to induce Deja Vu or TOT, but were asked about their experiences of these subjective states. When presented with contemporary definitions, between 32% and 58% of participants nonetheless reported experiencing Deja Vu or TOT. Changing the definition of Deja Vu or asking participants to bring to mind a real-life instance of Deja Vu or TOT before completing the recognition task had no impact on reporting rates. However, there was an indication that changing the method of requesting subjective reports impacted reporting of both experiences. More specifically, moving from the commonly used retrospective questioning (e.g. “Have you experienced Deja Vu?”) to free report instructions (e.g. “Indicate whenever you experience Deja Vu.”) reduced the total number of reported Deja Vu and TOT occurrences. We suggest that research on subjective experiences should move toward free report assessments. Such a shift would potentially reduce the presence of false alarms in experimental work, thereby reducing the overestimation of subjective experiences prevalent in this area of research.
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The awareness of novelty for strangely familiar words: a laboratory analogue of the déjà Vu experience
PeerJ, 2014Co-Authors: Josephine A. Urquhart, Akira Robert O'connorAbstract:Deja Vu is a nebulous memory experience defined by a clash between evaluations of familiarity and novelty for the same stimulus. We sought to generate it in the laboratory by pairing a DRM recognition task, which generates erroneous familiarity for critical words, with a monitoring task by which participants realise that some of these erroneously familiar words are in fact novel. We tested 30 participants in an experiment in which we varied both participant awareness of stimulus novelty and erroneous familiarity strength. We found that Deja Vu reports were most frequent for high novelty critical words (∼25%), with low novelty critical words yielding only baseline levels of Deja Vu report frequency (∼10%). There was no significant variation in Deja Vu report frequency according to familiarity strength. Discursive accounts of the experimentally-generated Deja Vu experience suggest that aspects of the naturalistic Deja Vu experience were captured by this analogue, but that the analogue was also limited in its focus and prone to influence by demand characteristics. We discuss theoretical and methodological considerations relevant to further development of this procedure and propose that verifiable novelty is an important component of both naturalistic and experimental analogues of Deja Vu.
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Déjà Vu experiences in healthy subjects are unrelated to laboratory tests of recollection and familiarity for word stimuli.
Frontiers in psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Akira Robert O'connor, Chris J. A. MoulinAbstract:Recent neuropsychological and neuroscientific research suggests that people who experience more Deja Vu display characteristic patterns in normal recognition memory. We conducted a large individual differences study (n = 206) to test these predictions using recollection and familiarity parameters recovered from a standard memory task. Participants reported Deja Vu frequency and a number of its correlates, and completed a recognition memory task analogous to a Remember-Know procedure. The individual difference measures replicated an established correlation between Deja Vu frequency and frequency of travel, and recognition performance showed well-established word frequency and accuracy effects. Contrary to predictions, no relationships were found between Deja Vu frequency and recollection or familiarity memory parameters from the recognition test. We suggest that Deja Vu in the healthy population reflects a mismatch between errant memory signalling and memory monitoring processes not easily characterised by standard recognition memory task performance.
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Recognition Without Identification, Erroneous Familiarity, and Déjà Vu
Current psychiatry reports, 2010Co-Authors: Akira Robert O'connor, Chris J. A. MoulinAbstract:Deja Vu is characterized by the recognition of a situation concurrent with the awareness that this recognition is inappropriate. Although forms of Deja Vu resolve in favor of the inappropriate recognition and therefore have behavioral consequences, typical Deja Vu experiences resolve in favor of the awareness that the sensation of recognition is inappropriate. The resultant lack of behavioral modification associated with typical Deja Vu means that clinicians and experimenters rely heavily on self-report when observing the experience. In this review, we focus on recent Deja Vu research. We consider issues facing neuropsychological, neuroscientific, and cognitive experimental frameworks attempting to explore and experimentally generate the experience. In doing this, we suggest the need for more experimentation and a more cautious interpretation of research findings, particularly as many techniques being used to explore Deja Vu are in the early stages of development.
Patrick Chauvel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathophysiology of Deja Vu and reminiscences in epilepsy
Proceedings of the Belgian Royal Academies of Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Patrick ChauvelAbstract:Illusions of inappriopriate familiarity with the current experience or hallucinatory recall of memories have been reported in temporal lobe epilepsies. Pathophysiological hypotheses have been put forward, involving either the limbic regions of the temporal lobe (Jackson), the temporal neocortex ("interpretive cortex", Penfield), or both (Bancaud). New data, acquired in the course of presurgical investigations through intracerebral electrodes recording, demonstrate a critical role of the sub- and para-hippocampal cortices. A new hypothesis of cortico-limbic network is developed. Deja Vu would result from an abnormal synchronisation between rhinal cortices and hippocampus, and reminiscences (or "dreamy state") from exacerbation of associational function of hippocampus in re-assembling pieces of past experience cortical networks.
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Rhinal-hippocampal interactions during déjà Vu
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2011Co-Authors: Fabrice Bartolomei, Emmanuel J Barbeau, Aileen Mcgonigal, Patrick Chauvel, Trung Nguyen, Jean Régis, Fabrice WendlingAbstract:Abstract Objective The phenomenon of ‘ Deja Vu ' is caused by acute disturbance of mnemonic systems of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). In epileptic patients investigated with intracerebral electrodes, Deja Vu can be more readily induced by stimulation of the rhinal cortices (RCs) than the hippocampus (H). Whether Deja Vu results from acute dysfunction of the familiarity system alone (sustained by RC) or from more extensive involvement of the MTL region (including H) is debatable. Methods We analysed the synchronisation of intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded from RC, H and amygdala (A) in epileptic patients in whom Deja Vu was induced by electrical stimulation. EEG signal correlations (between signals from RC, A and H) were evaluated using a nonlinear regression. Results In comparison with RC stimulations that did not lead to Deja Vu (DV−), stimulations triggering Deja Vu (DV+) were associated with increased broadband EEG correlation ( p =0.01). Changes in correlations were significantly different in the theta band for RC–A ( p =0.007) and RC–H ( p =0.01) and in the beta band for RC–H ( p =0.001) interactions. Conclusion Deja Vu is associated with increased EEG signal correlation between MTL structures. Significance Results are in favour of a mechanism involving transient co-operation between various MTL structures, not limited to RC alone.
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cortical stimulation study of the role of rhinal cortex in Deja Vu and reminiscence of memories
Neurology, 2004Co-Authors: Fabrice Bartolomei, Emmanuel J Barbeau, Martine Gavaret, Maxime Guye, Aileen Mcgonigal, J Regis, Patrick ChauvelAbstract:Objective: To study the role of perirhinal (PC) and entorhinal cortices (EC) in dreamy state symptoms (Deja Vu and reminiscence of scenes). These phenomena have been attributed to functional alteration of memory networks sup- ported by the medial temporal lobes, principally involving the amygdala and hippocampus. The role of sub-hippocampal structures (EC and PC) in inducing these phenomena has not previously been addressed. Methods: The authors studied the symptoms evoked by direct electrical stimulations of PC and EC in comparison with those obtained after stimulation of the amygdala and hippocampus. Stimulations were performed in a group of 24 patients with epilepsy, during stereo- electroencephalographic (SEEG) recordings in the setting of presurgical evaluation. All patients had electrodes that sampled the rhinal cortices, amygdala, and hippocampus. Results: A total of 280 stimulations were analyzed. Entorhinal and perirhinal stimulations induced classic mesial temporal lobe responses (emotional, dysautonomic) but also more specific responses, particularly the Deja Vu phenomenon and reminiscence of scenes. Such Deja Vu or Deja vecu type responses were produced proportionately more often by stimulation of the EC than by stimulation of the amygdala and hippocampus. In particular, Deja Vu was associated with stimulation of the EC and reminiscence of memories with PC stimulation. Conclusion: This study strongly suggests that experiential symptoms are largely dependent upon functional modification of the physiology of the rhinal cortices. NEUROLOGY 2004;63:858 -864 Experiential mnemonic phenomena may occur dur- ing partial seizures involving the temporal lobe and may be reproduced by direct human brain stimula- tion. 1 Jackson 2 gave the first description of the phe- nomena that he called "dreamy state." He included two main alterations of memory: feeling of reminis- cence, in which the subject has the feeling that the current experience is a repetition of an episode already lived, now usually termed Deja Vu or Deja vecu (DV), and vivid hallucination of scenes, in which the subject remembers an earlier episode of his or her life. For Jackson, the dreamy state resulted from hyperactivity of normal neural regions, due to liberation from the control of higher centers impaired by epileptic activity. Later, Penfield and Jasper also studied the phe- nomenon of dreamy state and, unlike Jackson, grouped sensory illusions (auditory, sensory, or vi- sual), emotional disturbances, and the feeling of rem- iniscence 3 all within the same category ("interpretive illusions"). Under "experiential hallucinations," Pen- field and Perrot 4 included the reminiscence of memo- ries ("tape recorder recall") but also crude auditory and visual hallucinations. Penfield and Perrot found that both categories of phenomena were evoked by electrical stimulations of the lateral temporal neocor- tex, particularly the superior temporal gyrus.
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anatomical origin of Deja Vu and vivid memories in human temporal lobe epilepsy
Brain, 1994Co-Authors: J Bancaud, Patrick Chauvel, F Brunetbourgin, Eric HalgrenAbstract:Jackson ( Brain 1898; 21: 580–90) observed that seizures arising in the medial temporal lobe may result in a ‘dreamy state’, consisting of vivid memory-like hallucinations, and/or the sense of having previously lived through exactly the same situation ( Deja Vu ). Penfield demonstrated that the dreamy state can sometimes be evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral temporal neocortex, especially the superior temporal gyrus. Halgren et al. ( Brain 1978; 101: 83–117) showed that the dreamy state can be evoked by stimulation of the hippocampal formation and amygdala and Gloor ( Brain 1990; 113: 1673–94) has suggested that it is evoked by lateral stimulation only when the resulting after-discharge spreads medially. In order to resolve the relative importance of these areas, we considered the mental phenomena observed in epileptic patients with electrodes stereotaxically implanted into different brain areas for seizure localization prior to surgical treatment. Sixteen patients, all with seizures involving the temporal lobe, experienced the dreamy state either as a result of spontaneous seizures (nine dreamy states in six patients), or due to electrical stimulation (43 in 14) or to chemical activation (five in three). Deja Vu and hallucinations of scenes were often evoked by different stimulations of the same electrode in the same patient. As Jackson had also observed, the dreamy state could occur alone but was often associated with epigastric phenomena and fear, and followed by loss of contact and oro-alimentary automatisms, and then by simple gestural automatisms, all characteristic of partial seizures beginning in the medial temporal lobe. Furthermore, as also emphasized by Jackson, the dreamy state was seldom associated with sensory illusions. Stimulation of either the neocortex (15 occurrences), anterior hippocampus (17) or amygdala (10) could evoke a dreamy state. However, since fewer hippocampal and amygdala leads were stimulated than temporal neocortical, the proportion of medial temporal electrodes where dreamy states could be evoked was much higher than in the neocortex. Most responsive lateral temporal sites were located in the superior temporal gyrus, rather than the middle temporal gyrus which was significantly less responsive. In 85% of dreamy states evoked by medial temporal lobe stimulation, the discharge spread to the temporal neocortex; and in 53% of dreamy states evoked by lateral temporal stimulation, the discharge spread medially. Considering all dreamy states, the amygdala was involved (as the stimulated structure, or as the site of ictal- or after-discharge) in 73% of cases, the anterior hippocampus in 83% and the temporal neocortex in 88%. In every spontaneous seizure where the dreamy state was observed, the amygdala, anterior hippocampus and temporal neocortex were all involved (provided that they were recorded during the seizure). Thus, we conclude that the dreamy state probably depends upon a neuronal network that engages both medial and lateral aspects of the temporal lobe, and that the anterior hippocampus, amygdala and superior temporal gyrus have relatively priviledged access to this circuit.
Anne M. Cleary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A postdictive bias associated with déjà Vu.
Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2019Co-Authors: Anne M. Cleary, Andrew M. Huebert, Katherine L. Mcneely-white, Kimberly S. SpahrAbstract:Recent research links reports of Deja Vu – the feeling of having experienced something before despite knowing otherwise – with an illusory feeling of prediction. In the present study, a new finding is presented in which reports of Deja Vu are associated not only with a predictive bias, but also with a postdictive bias, whereby people are more likely to feel that an event unfolded as expected after the event prompted Deja Vu than after it did not. During a virtual tour, feelings of predicting the next turn were more likely during reported Deja Vu, as in prior research. Then, after actually seeing the turn, participants exhibited a postdictive bias toward feeling that the scene unfolded as expected following Deja Vu reports. This postdictive bias following Deja Vu reports was associated with higher perceived scene familiarity intensity. A potential reason for this association may be that high familiarity intensity as an event outcome unfolds falsely signals confirmatory evidence of having sensed all along how it would unfold. Future research should further investigate this possibility.
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Déjà Vu: An Illusion of Prediction.
Psychological science, 2018Co-Authors: Anne M. Cleary, Alexander B. ClaxtonAbstract:Deja Vu is beginning to be scientifically understood as a memory phenomenon. Despite recent scientific advances, a remaining puzzle is the purported association between Deja Vu and feelings of premonition. Building on research showing that Deja Vu can be driven by an unrecalled memory of a past experience that relates to the current situation, we sought evidence of memory-based predictive ability during Deja Vu states. Deja Vu did not lead to above-chance ability to predict the next turn in a navigational path resembling a previously experienced but unrecalled path (although such resemblance increased reports of Deja Vu). However, Deja Vu states were accompanied by increased feelings of knowing the direction of the next turn. The results suggest that feelings of premonition during Deja Vu occur and can be illusory. Metacognitive bias brought on by the state itself may explain the peculiar association between Deja Vu and the feeling of premonition.
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Familiarity from the configuration of objects in 3-dimensional space and its relation to déjà Vu: a virtual reality investigation.
Consciousness and cognition, 2012Co-Authors: Anne M. Cleary, Alan S. Brown, Ben D. Sawyer, Jason S. Nomi, Adaeze C. Ajoku, Anthony J. RyalsAbstract:Deja Vu is the striking sense that the present situation feels familiar, alongside the realization that it has to be new. According to the Gestalt familiarity hypothesis, Deja Vu results when the configuration of elements within a scene maps onto a configuration previously seen, but the previous scene fails to come to mind. We examined this using virtual reality (VR) technology. When a new immersive VR scene resembled a previously-viewed scene in its configuration but people failed to recall the previously-viewed scene, familiarity ratings and reports of Deja Vu were indeed higher than for completely novel scenes. People also exhibited the contrasting sense of newness and of familiarity that is characteristic of Deja Vu. Familiarity ratings and Deja Vu reports among scenes recognized as new increased with increasing feature-match of a scene to one stored in memory, suggesting that feature-matching can produce familiarity and Deja Vu when recall fails.
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Can déjà Vu result from similarity to a prior experience? Support for the similarity hypothesis of déjà Vu
Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2009Co-Authors: Anne M. Cleary, Anthony J. Ryals, Jason S. NomiAbstract:The strange feeling of having been somewhere or done something before—even though there is evidence to the contrary—is called Deja Vu. Although Deja Vu is beginning to receive attention among scientists (Brown, 2003, 2004), few studies have empirically investigated the phenomenon. We investigated the hypothesis that Deja Vu is related to feelings of familiarity and that it can result from similarity between a novel scene and that of a scene experienced in one’s past. We used a variation of the recognition-without-recall method of studying familiarity (Cleary, 2004) to examine instances in which participants failed to recall a studied scene in response to a configurally similar novel test scene. In such instances, resemblance to a previously viewed scene increased both feelings of familiarity and of Deja Vu. Furthermore, in the absence of recall, resemblance of a novel scene to a previously viewed scene increased the probability of a reported Deja Vu state for the novel scene, and feelings of familiarity with a novel scene were directly related to feelings of being in a Deja Vu state.
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Recognition Memory, Familiarity, and Déjà Vu Experiences
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2008Co-Authors: Anne M. ClearyAbstract:Deja Vu occurs when one feels as though a situation is familiar, despite evidence that the situation could not have been experienced before. Until recently, the topic of Deja Vu remained largely outside of the realm of mainstream scientific investigation. However, interest in investigating the nature of Deja Vu is growing among researchers of cognitive processes. In some cases, Deja Vu may be understood within the context of research on human recognition memory. Specifically, Deja Vu may sometimes result from familiarity-based recognition, or recognition that is based on feelings of familiarity that occur without identification of their source.