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Scheffer C G Tseng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • significant correlation between meibomian gland dysfunction and keratitis in young patients with demodex brevis infestation
    British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Lingyi Liang, Yan Liu, Xiaohu Ding, Chuan Chen, Scheffer C G Tseng
    Abstract:

    Aims To report the clinical characteristics and correlation between meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and keratitis in young patients with ocular Demodicosis. Methods Observational case series of 60 patients younger than 35 years with ocular Demodicosis, of which the diagnosis was based on microscopic counting of Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis of epilated lashes. Severity of keratitis and MGD was graded by photography and meibography, respectively, in a masked fashion. Results MGD was detected in 54/60 (90%) patients with the loss of meibomian gland in the upper lid more than the lower lid (p D. brevis count and more severe keratitis (all p Demodex count in 48 patients receiving lid scrub directed to kill mites. Conclusions There is a significant correlation between MGD and keratitis in young patients with ocular Demodicosis especially inflicted by D. brevis .

  • ocular Demodicosis as a potential cause of ocular surface inflammation
    Cornea, 2017
    Co-Authors: Xiaohui Luo, Scheffer C G Tseng, Chuan Chen, Lingyi Liang
    Abstract:

    Among different species of mites, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are the only 2 that affect the human eye. Because Demodicosis is highly age-dependent and can be found in asymptomatic adults, the pathogenicity of these mites has long been debated. In this study, we summarize our research experience including our most recent study regarding Demodex infestation as a potential cause of ocular inflammatory diseases. Specifically, we describe the pathogenesis of Demodicosis and then discuss the results of work investigating the associations and relationships between ocular Demodicosis and blepharitis, meibomian gland diseases, and keratitis, in turn. This is followed by some discussion of the diagnosis of Demodicosis and concludes with a brief discussion of evidence for different treatments for ocular Demodicosis. Collectively, our studies suggest a strong correlation between ocular Demodicosis and ocular surface inflammatory conditions, such as blepharitis, chalazia, meibomian gland dysfunction, and keratitis. Further investigation of the underlying pathogenic mechanism is warranted.

  • high prevalence of demodex brevis infestation in chalazia
    American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Lingyi Liang, Xiaohu Ding, Scheffer C G Tseng
    Abstract:

    � PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between Demodicosis and chalazia in patients with the latter. � DESIGN: Prospective,observational,comparativestudy. � METHODS: Forty-four adult and 47 pediatric patients with chalazia and 34 adult and 30 pediatric age- and sex-matched patients without chalazia treated at an institutional referral eye center were included. All 155 patients underwent lash sampling followed by microscopic identification and counting of Demodex mites. All 91 patients with chalazia underwent surgical removal, and among them, 74 were followed up for 18 ± 4.3 months after surgery. Statistical correlation between ocular Demodicosis and chalazia and its postoperative recurrence was performed. � RESULTS: Demodicosis was significantly more prevalent in chalazia patients than in control patients as a group (69.2% vs 20.3%) and when separated into pediatric (70.2% vs 13.3%) and adult (68.2% vs 26.5%) subgroups (all P < .001). Demodicosis was associated strongly with chalazia (odds ratio, 4.39; 95% confidence interval, 2.17 to 8.87; P < .001). D. brevis was significantly more prevalent (odds ratio, 18.21;95% confidence interval, 2.22 to 149.74; P [ .01) than D. folliculorum (odds ratio, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.84, P [ .02) in patients with chalazia. Patients with Demodicosis tended to demonstrate recurrence (33.3% vs 10.3%; P [ .02), especially in those with D. brevis (35.1% vs 13.5%; P [ .03). � CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of Demodicosis, especially cases of caused by D. brevis, in adult and pediatric patients with chalazia, suggesting that ocular Demodicosis is a risk factor for chalazia. (Am J

  • ocular Demodicosis as a risk factor of pterygium recurrence
    Ophthalmology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yukan Huang, Hosam Sheha, Hua He, Scheffer C G Tseng
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE: To evaluate ocular Demodicosis as a potential risk factor in pterygium recurrence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study to correlate clinical findings with laboratory data. PARTICIPANTS: We retrospectively reviewed 94 patients (43 with primary and 51 with recurrent pterygia), among whom 68 patients received surgical correction, and prospectively enrolled another 23 pterygium patients and 14 nonpterygium controls for measuring the tear level of interleukin (IL)-17. METHODS: All patients had microscopically confirmed ocular Demodicosis. Statistical correlations were analyzed among age, sex, aqueous tear deficiency, dry eye, ocular Demodicosis, follow-up period, surgical outcome, and tear levels of IL-17 measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation between ocular Demodicosis or IL-17 levels and pterygium recurrence. RESULTS: Among 94 patients, ocular Demodicosis was more prevalent in patients with recurrent pterygium than those with primary pterygium (P = 0.015). During follow-up of 16.5 ± 11.5 months, 68 postsurgical patients developed 7 corneal recurrences, which constituted 7.4% of primary and 12.2% of recurrent pterygium (P = 0.820). They also developed 8 conjunctival recurrences. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed combined (P = 0.000), corneal (P = 0.044), and conjunctival (P = 0.002) recurrence was significantly higher among patients with Demodicosis than those without. Conjunctival recurrence occurred within 6 months in eyes without Demodicosis but extended beyond 6 months in eyes with Demodicosis. In 34 postsurgical patients with Demodicosis, the mite count of 14 patients with recurrence was significantly higher than that of 20 without (P = 0.005). The IL-17 level was significantly higher in patients with either pterygium or Demodicosis than controls (P = 0.049 and 0.040, respectively), and the IL-17 level was further elevated in patients with both pterygium and Demodicosis (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular Demodicosis is a risk factor for pterygium recurrence, especially for conjunctival recurrence, presumably by perpetuating chronic inflammation mediated by T-helper (Th)17 lymphocytes.

  • ocular Demodicosis as a risk factor of pterygium recurrence
    Ophthalmology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yukan Huang, Hosam Sheha, Scheffer C G Tseng
    Abstract:

    Purpose To evaluate ocular Demodicosis as a potential risk factor in pterygium recurrence. Design Cross-sectional study to correlate clinical findings with laboratory data. Participants We retrospectively reviewed 94 patients (43 with primary and 51 with recurrent pterygia), among whom 68 patients received surgical correction, and prospectively enrolled another 23 pterygium patients and 14 nonpterygium controls for measuring the tear level of interleukin (IL)-17. Methods All patients had microscopically confirmed ocular Demodicosis. Statistical correlations were analyzed among age, sex, aqueous tear deficiency, dry eye, ocular Demodicosis, follow-up period, surgical outcome, and tear levels of IL-17 measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Main Outcome Measures Correlation between ocular Demodicosis or IL-17 levels and pterygium recurrence. Results Among 94 patients, ocular Demodicosis was more prevalent in patients with recurrent pterygium than those with primary pterygium ( P  = 0.015). During follow-up of 16.5±11.5 months, 68 postsurgical patients developed 7 corneal recurrences, which constituted 7.4% of primary and 12.2% of recurrent pterygium ( P  = 0.820). They also developed 8 conjunctival recurrences. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed combined ( P  = 0.000), corneal ( P  = 0.044), and conjunctival ( P  = 0.002) recurrence was significantly higher among patients with Demodicosis than those without. Conjunctival recurrence occurred within 6 months in eyes without Demodicosis but extended beyond 6 months in eyes with Demodicosis. In 34 postsurgical patients with Demodicosis, the mite count of 14 patients with recurrence was significantly higher than that of 20 without ( P  = 0.005). The IL-17 level was significantly higher in patients with either pterygium or Demodicosis than controls ( P  = 0.049 and 0.040, respectively), and the IL-17 level was further elevated in patients with both pterygium and Demodicosis (all P 0.05). Conclusions Ocular Demodicosis is a risk factor for pterygium recurrence, especially for conjunctival recurrence, presumably by perpetuating chronic inflammation mediated by T-helper (Th)17 lymphocytes. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.

Shanker K. Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Superglue slide impression (SSI) method: a novel diagnostic application for canine Demodicosis
    Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Shanker K. Singh
    Abstract:

    The conventional gold standard diagnostic method for canine Demodicosis, the deep skin scrapings (DSS), is traumatic to the animal and appears aggressive in the eyes of the owner. A less invasive, sensitive, easy-to-perform and field-oriented diagnostic method for the rapid diagnosis of canine Demodicosis is warranted. The present study aimed to develop a rapid less invasive diagnostic method using superglue (cyanoacrylate adhesive) slide impression (SSI). Ninety-seven client-owned dogs presented with clinical symptoms and signs suggestive of Demodicosis were examined using SSI for detection of Demodex mites. A clean microscope slide was taken and a drop of superglue was placed on the slide. Immediately, the superglue-bearing slide surface was applied to the previously squeezed selected skin lesion with gentle pressure for 30 s. The slide was removed from the skin lesion and a drop of immersion oil was placed over the SSI. Another clean cover slide was applied and examined under the microscope at low-power magnification (× 10 lens). Of the 97 dogs, 90 dogs (92.8%) were detected positive for demodectic mites using the SSI method, whereas 86 (88.7%) dogs were found positive using the DSS technique. The SSI method was found to be equally sensitive to the DSS method. In summary, the SSI method is a new quick, sensitive, easy-to-perform, owner- and animal-friendly, less traumatic and field-oriented diagnostic application for Demodicosis in dogs. It can be used for harvesting the live demodectic mites and monitoring miticidal therapies.

  • Demodex canis targets TLRs to evade host immunity and induce canine Demodicosis.
    Parasite Immunology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Priyambada Kumari, Shanker K. Singh, Rajesh Nigam, Soumen Choudhury, Brajesh K. Yadav, Dinesh Kumar, Satish K. Garg
    Abstract:

    Widespread incidence of Demodex mites throughout the mammalian class and occasional serious and fatal outcomes in dogs warrant an insight into the host-parasite interface especially. Therefore, this study was aimed to unravel the interplay between innate immune response and canine Demodicosis. The dogs diagnosed to have natural clinical Demodicosis were allocated into two groups; dogs with localized Demodicosis (LD) and with generalized Demodicosis (GD). The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4 and 6 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of these dogs was quantified by real-time PCR. Significantly increased TLR2 gene expression, while significantly diminished TLR4 and TLR6 gene expressions were observed in demodicosed dogs (LD and GD) as compared with the healthy ones. Even the expression of TLR2 gene was found to differ significantly between the dogs with LD and GD. Therefore, it can be inferred that clinical Demodicosis in dogs is coupled with an up-regulation of TLR2 and down-regulation of TLR4 and TLR6 gene expressions. Overexpression of TLR2 gene might be responsible for Demodex-induced clinical manifestations, while TLR4 and TLR6 gene down-regulations could be the paramount strategy of Demodex mites to elude the host-immune interface.

  • Demodex canis regulates cholinergic system mediated immunosuppressive pathways in canine Demodicosis.
    Parasitology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Priyambada Kumari, Rajesh Nigam, Udayraj P. Nakade, Ambika Sharma, Satish K. Garg, Shanker K. Singh
    Abstract:

    Demodex canis infestation in dogs remains one of the main challenges in veterinary dermatology. The exact pathogenesis of canine Demodicosis is unknown but an aberration in immune status is considered very significant. No studies have underpinned the nexus between induction of Demodicosis and neural immunosuppressive pathways so far. We have evaluated the involvement of cholinergic pathways in association with cytokines regulation as an insight into the immuno-pathogenesis of canine Demodicosis in the present study. Remarkable elevations in circulatory immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 and cholinesterase activity were observed in dogs with Demodicosis. Simultaneously, remarkable reduction in circulatory pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha level was observed in dogs with Demodicosis. Findings of the present study evidently suggest that Demodex mites might be affecting the cholinergic pathways to induce immunosuppression in their host and then proliferate incessantly in skin microenvironment to cause Demodicosis.

  • The immuno-pathological conversions of canine Demodicosis.
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shanker K. Singh, Umesh Dimri
    Abstract:

    Canine Demodicosis is a common but exigent noncontagious parasitic dermatosis caused by overpopulation of the host-specific follicular mites of various Demodex species. Receptivity of dogs to Demodicosis and progression of the clinical disease are influenced by numerous factors including; genetic defect, alteration of skin's structure and biochemistry, immunological disorders, hormonal status, breed, age, nutritional status, oxidative stress, length of hair coat, stage of oestrus cycle, parturition, endoparasitism and debilitating diseases. Of these, the immune status is thought to be the most significant. Thus, in the present review we intended to edify the immuno-pathological conversions of canine Demodicosis. Generalized Demodicosis requires a cutaneous environment that is ecologically and immunologically favorable for extreme colonization of demodectic mites. Demodex canis mites can down regulate the CD4+ T cells; possibly by an increased rate of apoptosis or immunological exhaustion of CD4+ T cells. An increased apoptosis of peripheral leukocytes confers progression of the clinical manifestations. Mites induced elevation of TGF-β and inhibition of TNF-α mRNA expression might be a key factor for revealing the difference in the mechanism of onset between localized and generalized Demodicosis. Moreover, an elevated serum level of IL-10 could be accountable for the recurrence as well as occurrence of Demodicosis in dogs. Over production of reactive oxygen species can corroborate immunological discrepancies in dogs with Demodicosis.

  • The role of apoptosis in immunosuppression of dogs with Demodicosis.
    Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Shanker K. Singh, Umesh Dimri, M C Sharma, Bhaskar Sharma, Devendra Swarup, Hari Om Pandey, Priyambada Kumari
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of apoptosis in peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs with Demodicosis. A total of 26 dogs suffering from Demodicosis, and positive for Demodex canis mites by skin scraping, participated in the study, 13 with localized Demodicosis (LD) and 13 with generalized Demodicosis (GD). A further 13 clinically healthy dogs, all of whom were negative for mites upon skin scraping, were used as controls. The dogs with GD revealed significantly higher ( P  ≤ 0.0001) percentage of leukocytes with externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potentials (Δ Ψ m) as compared with the dogs with LD and healthy controls. These dogs also revealed significantly lower values ( P  ≤ 0.0001) of hematological parameters viz. hemoglobin, total erythrocytes count total leukocytes count, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. Significantly higher ( P  ≤ 0.0001) percentages of leukocytes with externalization of PS and depolarized Δ Ψ m were also found in dogs with LD as compared with the healthy controls. These dogs also revealed significantly lower values of Hb ( P  ≤ 0.0001), TEC ( P  = 0.025), TLC ( P  ≤ 0.0001), lymphocytes ( P  = 0.008), monocytes ( P  ≤ 0.0001) and neutrophils ( P  = 0.03). It is concluded that premature apoptosis of PBL may be implicated in the immunosuppression of the dogs with Demodicosis.

Lingyi Liang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • significant correlation between meibomian gland dysfunction and keratitis in young patients with demodex brevis infestation
    British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Lingyi Liang, Yan Liu, Xiaohu Ding, Chuan Chen, Scheffer C G Tseng
    Abstract:

    Aims To report the clinical characteristics and correlation between meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and keratitis in young patients with ocular Demodicosis. Methods Observational case series of 60 patients younger than 35 years with ocular Demodicosis, of which the diagnosis was based on microscopic counting of Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis of epilated lashes. Severity of keratitis and MGD was graded by photography and meibography, respectively, in a masked fashion. Results MGD was detected in 54/60 (90%) patients with the loss of meibomian gland in the upper lid more than the lower lid (p D. brevis count and more severe keratitis (all p Demodex count in 48 patients receiving lid scrub directed to kill mites. Conclusions There is a significant correlation between MGD and keratitis in young patients with ocular Demodicosis especially inflicted by D. brevis .

  • ocular Demodicosis as a potential cause of ocular surface inflammation
    Cornea, 2017
    Co-Authors: Xiaohui Luo, Scheffer C G Tseng, Chuan Chen, Lingyi Liang
    Abstract:

    Among different species of mites, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are the only 2 that affect the human eye. Because Demodicosis is highly age-dependent and can be found in asymptomatic adults, the pathogenicity of these mites has long been debated. In this study, we summarize our research experience including our most recent study regarding Demodex infestation as a potential cause of ocular inflammatory diseases. Specifically, we describe the pathogenesis of Demodicosis and then discuss the results of work investigating the associations and relationships between ocular Demodicosis and blepharitis, meibomian gland diseases, and keratitis, in turn. This is followed by some discussion of the diagnosis of Demodicosis and concludes with a brief discussion of evidence for different treatments for ocular Demodicosis. Collectively, our studies suggest a strong correlation between ocular Demodicosis and ocular surface inflammatory conditions, such as blepharitis, chalazia, meibomian gland dysfunction, and keratitis. Further investigation of the underlying pathogenic mechanism is warranted.

  • high prevalence of demodex brevis infestation in chalazia
    American Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Lingyi Liang, Xiaohu Ding, Scheffer C G Tseng
    Abstract:

    � PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between Demodicosis and chalazia in patients with the latter. � DESIGN: Prospective,observational,comparativestudy. � METHODS: Forty-four adult and 47 pediatric patients with chalazia and 34 adult and 30 pediatric age- and sex-matched patients without chalazia treated at an institutional referral eye center were included. All 155 patients underwent lash sampling followed by microscopic identification and counting of Demodex mites. All 91 patients with chalazia underwent surgical removal, and among them, 74 were followed up for 18 ± 4.3 months after surgery. Statistical correlation between ocular Demodicosis and chalazia and its postoperative recurrence was performed. � RESULTS: Demodicosis was significantly more prevalent in chalazia patients than in control patients as a group (69.2% vs 20.3%) and when separated into pediatric (70.2% vs 13.3%) and adult (68.2% vs 26.5%) subgroups (all P < .001). Demodicosis was associated strongly with chalazia (odds ratio, 4.39; 95% confidence interval, 2.17 to 8.87; P < .001). D. brevis was significantly more prevalent (odds ratio, 18.21;95% confidence interval, 2.22 to 149.74; P [ .01) than D. folliculorum (odds ratio, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 6.84, P [ .02) in patients with chalazia. Patients with Demodicosis tended to demonstrate recurrence (33.3% vs 10.3%; P [ .02), especially in those with D. brevis (35.1% vs 13.5%; P [ .03). � CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of Demodicosis, especially cases of caused by D. brevis, in adult and pediatric patients with chalazia, suggesting that ocular Demodicosis is a risk factor for chalazia. (Am J

A. Nuñez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Demodicosis in a captive African straw‑coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum)
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2019
    Co-Authors: C. Bianco, K.s. Baker, L. Pazzini, A. Cafiso, R.d. Suu-ire, A.a. Cunningham, J.l.n. Wood, A. Nuñez
    Abstract:

    Demodicosis is most frequently observed in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), but it has rarely been reported in bats (Chiroptera). The overpopulation of Demodex spp. that causes dermatological changes is generally associated with a compromised immune system. We describe the gross and histological features of generalized Demodicosis in an adult female African straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) drawn from a captive research colony. The histology of the lesions revealed comedones and follicular infundubular cysts harbouring numerous Demodex spp. mites, eliciting a minimal inflammatory response in the adjacent dermis. The histological examination of a full set of tissues did not reveal clear evidence of immunosuppression, although a clinical history of recent abortion and possible stressors due to captivity could be considered risk factors for the Demodicosis. Attempts to determine the Demodex species using PCR on DNA extracted from the formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue failed. This is the first clinical and histological description of Demodicosis in Eidolon helvum

  • Demodicosis in a captive African straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum)
    Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2019
    Co-Authors: C. Bianco, K.s. Baker, L. Pazzini, A. Cafiso, R.d. Suu-ire, A.a. Cunningham, J.l.n. Wood, A. Nuñez
    Abstract:

    Demodicosis is most frequently observed in the domestic dog ( Canis familiaris ), but it has rarely been reported in bats (Chiroptera). The overpopulation of Demodex spp. that causes dermatological changes is generally associated with a compromised immune system. We describe the gross and histological features of generalized Demodicosis in an adult female African straw-coloured fruit bat ( Eidolon helvum ) drawn from a captive research colony. The histology of the lesions revealed comedones and follicular infundubular cysts harbouring numerous Demodex spp. mites, eliciting a minimal inflammatory response in the adjacent dermis. The histological examination of a full set of tissues did not reveal clear evidence of immunosuppression, although a clinical history of recent abortion and possible stressors due to captivity could be considered risk factors for the Demodicosis. Attempts to determine the Demodex species using PCR on DNA extracted from the formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue failed. This is the first clinical and histological description of Demodicosis in Eidolon helvum .

Umesh Dimri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The immuno-pathological conversions of canine Demodicosis.
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shanker K. Singh, Umesh Dimri
    Abstract:

    Canine Demodicosis is a common but exigent noncontagious parasitic dermatosis caused by overpopulation of the host-specific follicular mites of various Demodex species. Receptivity of dogs to Demodicosis and progression of the clinical disease are influenced by numerous factors including; genetic defect, alteration of skin's structure and biochemistry, immunological disorders, hormonal status, breed, age, nutritional status, oxidative stress, length of hair coat, stage of oestrus cycle, parturition, endoparasitism and debilitating diseases. Of these, the immune status is thought to be the most significant. Thus, in the present review we intended to edify the immuno-pathological conversions of canine Demodicosis. Generalized Demodicosis requires a cutaneous environment that is ecologically and immunologically favorable for extreme colonization of demodectic mites. Demodex canis mites can down regulate the CD4+ T cells; possibly by an increased rate of apoptosis or immunological exhaustion of CD4+ T cells. An increased apoptosis of peripheral leukocytes confers progression of the clinical manifestations. Mites induced elevation of TGF-β and inhibition of TNF-α mRNA expression might be a key factor for revealing the difference in the mechanism of onset between localized and generalized Demodicosis. Moreover, an elevated serum level of IL-10 could be accountable for the recurrence as well as occurrence of Demodicosis in dogs. Over production of reactive oxygen species can corroborate immunological discrepancies in dogs with Demodicosis.

  • The role of apoptosis in immunosuppression of dogs with Demodicosis.
    Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Shanker K. Singh, Umesh Dimri, M C Sharma, Bhaskar Sharma, Devendra Swarup, Hari Om Pandey, Priyambada Kumari
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of apoptosis in peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs with Demodicosis. A total of 26 dogs suffering from Demodicosis, and positive for Demodex canis mites by skin scraping, participated in the study, 13 with localized Demodicosis (LD) and 13 with generalized Demodicosis (GD). A further 13 clinically healthy dogs, all of whom were negative for mites upon skin scraping, were used as controls. The dogs with GD revealed significantly higher ( P  ≤ 0.0001) percentage of leukocytes with externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potentials (Δ Ψ m) as compared with the dogs with LD and healthy controls. These dogs also revealed significantly lower values ( P  ≤ 0.0001) of hematological parameters viz. hemoglobin, total erythrocytes count total leukocytes count, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. Significantly higher ( P  ≤ 0.0001) percentages of leukocytes with externalization of PS and depolarized Δ Ψ m were also found in dogs with LD as compared with the healthy controls. These dogs also revealed significantly lower values of Hb ( P  ≤ 0.0001), TEC ( P  = 0.025), TLC ( P  ≤ 0.0001), lymphocytes ( P  = 0.008), monocytes ( P  ≤ 0.0001) and neutrophils ( P  = 0.03). It is concluded that premature apoptosis of PBL may be implicated in the immunosuppression of the dogs with Demodicosis.

  • determination of cd4 and cd8 t cells in the peripheral blood of dogs with Demodicosis
    Parasitology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Shanker K. Singh, Umesh Dimri, M C Sharma, Bhaskar Sharma, Meeta Saxena
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood of dogs with localized and generalized Demodicosis. Sixteen dogs were examined, 8 with localized and 8 with generalized Demodicosis, while 8 healthy dogs were used as controls. Peripheral blood was obtained and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. Significantly higher numbers of CD8+ T cells and lower numbers of CD4+ T cells were found in dogs with generalized Demodicosis compared to dogs with localized Demodicosis and healthy controls. Significantly higher numbers of CD8+ T cells and lower numbers of CD4+ T cells were also found in dogs with localized Demodicosis compared to healthy controls. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio was also found to be significantly lower in dogs with generalized Demodicosis in comparison with dogs with localized Demodicosis and healthy controls. It is concluded that significant alteration in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio may be implicated in the pathogenesis of generalized canine Demodicosis.

  • changes in oxidative stress indices zinc and copper concentrations in blood in canine Demodicosis
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Umesh Dimri, M C Sharma, Bhaskar Sharma, Rakesh Ranjan, Naveen Kumar, D Swarup, Meena Kataria
    Abstract:

    Status of certain oxidative stress indices and zinc and copper concentrations in blood were estimated in dogs with localized Demodicosis (LD) and generalized Demodicosis (GD). In comparison to healthy control, erythrocytic lipid peroxides level and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in both LD as well as GD. However, level of reduced glutathione and activity of catalase were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in both LD and GD. Blood zinc and copper levels in dogs with LD and GD were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than healthy control. Significant (P < 0.01) differences were also observed in different oxidative stress indices and zinc and copper levels in between LD and GD groups. From the present study, it was concluded that Demodicosis is associated with oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation may be beneficial in management of canine Demodicosis.