The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hideki Ogiuchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neurosphere generation from Dental Pulp of adult rat incisor
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Ryo Sasaki, Shunsuke Aoki, Masayuki Yamato, Hiroto Uchiyama, Keiji Wada, Teruo Okano, Hideki OgiuchiAbstract:Dental Pulp is a potential source of cells that can be used in cell replacement therapy for various nervous system disorders. Here we report that adult rat Dental Pulp cells have the ability to form neurospheres when cultured in serum-free culture medium on super-hydrophilic plates. The cells within small spheres continued to grow, and the Dental Pulp-derived cells generated large spheres. Sphere formation was dependent on exogenously supplied basic-fibroblast growth factor, but not on epidermal growth factor, and the formation and growth of Dental Pulp-derived spheres were negatively regulated by transforming growth factor-β. Plating cells that were dissociated from spheres on an adhesive substrate resulted in differentiation into Tuj1- and MAP2-positive neuronal cells. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of Dental Pulp-derived spheres shows that they contained nestin-positive progenitors, Tuj1 -positive neuronal cells and S100-positive glial cells. We found that spheres contained CD81 (TAPA1) and nestin double-positive cells, and identified a small population of CD81 and nestin double-positive cells in the odontoblast layer of the Dental Pulp. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD81-positive cells were enriched in the spheres compared with the Dental Pulp tissue. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining showed that nestin- and BrdU-positive cells were located only in the apical portion of the Dental Pulp, and the apical portion produced a large number of large-sized spheres. These data suggest that the CD81 and nestin double-positive cells localized in the odontoblast layer of the apical portion of the Dental Pulp may have the ability to grow and form neurospheres.
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neurosphere generation from Dental Pulp of adult rat incisor
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Ryo Sasaki, Shunsuke Aoki, Masayuki Yamato, Hiroto Uchiyama, Keiji Wada, Teruo Okano, Hideki OgiuchiAbstract:Dental Pulp is a potential source of cells that can be used in cell replacement therapy for various nervous system disorders. Here we report that adult rat Dental Pulp cells have the ability to form neurospheres when cultured in serum-free culture medium on super-hydrophilic plates. The cells within small spheres continued to grow, and the Dental Pulp-derived cells generated large spheres. Sphere formation was dependent on exogenously supplied basic-fibroblast growth factor, but not on epidermal growth factor, and the formation and growth of Dental Pulp-derived spheres were negatively regulated by transforming growth factor-beta. Plating cells that were dissociated from spheres on an adhesive substrate resulted in differentiation into Tuj1- and MAP2-positive neuronal cells. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of Dental Pulp-derived spheres shows that they contained nestin-positive progenitors, Tuj1-positive neuronal cells and S100-positive glial cells. We found that spheres contained CD81 (TAPA1) and nestin double-positive cells, and identified a small population of CD81 and nestin double-positive cells in the odontoblast layer of the Dental Pulp. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD81-positive cells were enriched in the spheres compared with the Dental Pulp tissue. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining showed that nestin- and BrdU-positive cells were located only in the apical portion of the Dental Pulp, and the apical portion produced a large number of large-sized spheres. These data suggest that the CD81 and nestin double-positive cells localized in the odontoblast layer of the apical portion of the Dental Pulp may have the ability to grow and form neurospheres.
Jacques E. Nör - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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endothelial initiated crosstalk regulates Dental Pulp stem cell self renewal
Journal of Dental Research, 2020Co-Authors: Zhaocheng Zhang, Andrea Mantesso, Alexandra E Oklejas, Jacques E. NörAbstract:Interactions with the microenvironment modulate the fate of stem cells in perivascular niches in tissues (e.g., bone) and organs (e.g., liver). However, the functional relevance of the molecular crosstalk between endothelial cells and stem cells within the perivascular niche in Dental Pulps is unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial cell-initiated signaling is necessary to maintain self-renewal of Dental Pulp stem cells. Confocal microscopy showed that ALDH1high and Bmi-1high stem cells are preferentially localized in close proximity to blood vessels in physiological human Dental Pulps. Secondary orosphere assays revealed that endothelial cell-derived factors (e.g., interleukin-6 [IL-6]) promote self-renewal of Dental Pulp stem cells cultured in low-attachment conditions. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that endothelial cell-derived IL-6 activates IL-6R (IL-6 Receptor) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling and induces expression of Bmi-1 (master regulator of stem cell self-renewal) in Dental Pulp stem cells. Transplantation of Dental Pulp stem cells stably transduced with small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-STAT3 into immunodeficient mice revealed a decrease in the number of blood vessels surrounded by ALDH1high or Bmi-1high cells (perivascular niches) compared to tissues formed upon transplantation of vector control stem cells. And finally, in vitro capillary sprouting assays revealed that inhibition of IL-6 or STAT3 signaling decreases the vasculogenic potential of Dental Pulp stem cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that endothelial cell-derived IL-6 enhances the self-renewal of Dental Pulp stem cells via STAT3 signaling and induction of Bmi-1. These data suggest that a crosstalk between endothelial cells and stem cells within the perivascular niche is required for the maintenance of stem cell pools in Dental Pulps.
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Functionalized scaffolds to control Dental Pulp stem cell fate.
Journal of Endodontics, 2014Co-Authors: Evandro Piva, Adriana Fernandes Da Silva, Jacques E. NörAbstract:Emerging understanding about interactions between stem cells, scaffolds, and morphogenic factors has accelerated translational research in the field of Dental Pulp tissue engineering. Dental Pulp stem cells constitute a subpopulation of cells endowed with self-renewal and multipotency. Dental Pulp stem cells seeded in biodegradable scaffolds and exposed to dentin-derived morphogenic factors give rise to a Pulplike tissue capable of generating new dentin. Notably, dentin-derived proteins are sufficient to induce Dental Pulp stem cell differentiation into odontoblasts. Ongoing work is focused on developing ways of mobilizing dentin-derived proteins and disinfecting the root canal of necrotic teeth without compromising the morphogenic potential of these signaling molecules. On the other hand, dentin by itself does not appear to be capable of inducing endothelial differentiation of Dental Pulp stem cells despite the well-known presence of angiogenic factors in dentin. This is particularly relevant in the context of Dental Pulp tissue engineering in full root canals in which access to blood supply is limited to the apical foramina. To address this challenge, scientists are looking at ways to use the scaffold as a controlled-release device for angiogenic factors. The aim of this article was to present and discuss current strategies to functionalize injectable scaffolds and customize them for Dental Pulp tissue engineering. The long-term goal of this work is to develop stem cell-based therapies that enable the engineering of functional Dental Pulps capable of generating new tubular dentin in humans.
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Tooth Slice/Scaffold Model of Dental Pulp Tissue Engineering
Advances in dental research, 2011Co-Authors: V T Sakai, M M Cordeiro, Zhihong Dong, Zhaocheng Zhang, Benjamin David Zeitlin, Jacques E. NörAbstract:Multipotency is a defining characteristic of post-natal stem cells. The human Dental Pulp contains a small subpopulation of stem cells that exhibit multipotency, as demonstrated by their ability to differentiate into odontoblasts, neural cells, and vascular endothelial cells. These discoveries highlight the fundamental role of stem cells in the biology of the Dental Pulp and suggest that these cells are uniquely suited for Dental Pulp tissue-engineering purposes. The availability of experimental approaches specifically designed for studies of the differentiation potential of Dental Pulp stem cells has played an important role in these discoveries. The objective of this review is to describe the development and characterization of the Tooth Slice/Scaffold Model of Dental Pulp Tissue Engineering. In addition, we discuss the multipotency of Dental Pulp stem cells, focusing on the differentiation of these cells into functional odontoblasts and into vascular endothelial cells.
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Dental Pulp tissue engineering
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Flavio Fernando Demarco, Luciano Casagrande, V T Sakai, Marcus Cristian Muniz Conde, Bruno Neves Cavalcanti, Jacques E. NörAbstract:Dental Pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue that has a limited regeneration capacity due to anatomical arrangement and post-mitotic nature of odontoblastic cells. Entire Pulp amputation followed by Pulp space disinfection and filling with an artificial material cause loss of a significant amount of dentin leaving as life-lasting sequelae a non-vital and weakened tooth. However, regenerative endodontics is an emerging field of modern tissue engineering that has demonstrated promising results using stem cells associated with scaffolds and responsive molecules. Thereby, this article reviews the most recent endeavors to regenerate Pulp tissue based on tissue engineering principles and provides insightful information to readers about the different aspects involved in tissue engineering. Here, we speculate that the search for the ideal combination of cells, scaffolds, and morphogenic factors for Dental Pulp tissue engineering may be extended over future years and result in significant advances in other areas of Dental and craniofacial research. The findings collected in this literature review show that we are now at a stage in which engineering a complex tissue, such as the Dental Pulp, is no longer an unachievable goal and the next decade will certainly be an exciting time for Dental and craniofacial research.
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Differentiating Dental Pulp Cells via RGD-Dendrimer Conjugates
Journal of dental research, 2010Co-Authors: Jin Koo Kim, Rameshwer Shukla, Luciano Casagrande, C.m. Sedgley, Jacques E. Nör, James R. Baker, Elliott Earl HillAbstract:Traumatic Dental injuries are often irreversible, underscoring the need for therapies that protect Dental Pulp cells and enhance their regeneration. We hypothesized that generation 5 poly amido amine (PAMAM) dendrimers (G5), functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FL) and αVβ3-specific, cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides, will bind to Dental Pulp cells (DPCs) and modulate their differentiation. Dental Pulp cells and mouse odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) (±) treated with G5-FL-RGD were analyzed via Western blot, RT-PCR, and quantitative PCR. Transcription of Dental differentiation markers was as follows: Dentin matrix protein (DMP-1), dentin sialoprotein (DSPP), and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) all increased via the JNK pathway. Long-term G5-RGD treatment of Dental Pulp cells resulted in enhanced mineralization as examined via Von Kossa assay, suggesting that PAMAM dendrimers conjugated to cyclic RGD peptides can increase the odontogenic potential of these cells.
Ryo Sasaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neurosphere generation from Dental Pulp of adult rat incisor
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Ryo Sasaki, Shunsuke Aoki, Masayuki Yamato, Hiroto Uchiyama, Keiji Wada, Teruo Okano, Hideki OgiuchiAbstract:Dental Pulp is a potential source of cells that can be used in cell replacement therapy for various nervous system disorders. Here we report that adult rat Dental Pulp cells have the ability to form neurospheres when cultured in serum-free culture medium on super-hydrophilic plates. The cells within small spheres continued to grow, and the Dental Pulp-derived cells generated large spheres. Sphere formation was dependent on exogenously supplied basic-fibroblast growth factor, but not on epidermal growth factor, and the formation and growth of Dental Pulp-derived spheres were negatively regulated by transforming growth factor-β. Plating cells that were dissociated from spheres on an adhesive substrate resulted in differentiation into Tuj1- and MAP2-positive neuronal cells. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of Dental Pulp-derived spheres shows that they contained nestin-positive progenitors, Tuj1 -positive neuronal cells and S100-positive glial cells. We found that spheres contained CD81 (TAPA1) and nestin double-positive cells, and identified a small population of CD81 and nestin double-positive cells in the odontoblast layer of the Dental Pulp. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD81-positive cells were enriched in the spheres compared with the Dental Pulp tissue. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining showed that nestin- and BrdU-positive cells were located only in the apical portion of the Dental Pulp, and the apical portion produced a large number of large-sized spheres. These data suggest that the CD81 and nestin double-positive cells localized in the odontoblast layer of the apical portion of the Dental Pulp may have the ability to grow and form neurospheres.
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neurosphere generation from Dental Pulp of adult rat incisor
European Journal of Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Ryo Sasaki, Shunsuke Aoki, Masayuki Yamato, Hiroto Uchiyama, Keiji Wada, Teruo Okano, Hideki OgiuchiAbstract:Dental Pulp is a potential source of cells that can be used in cell replacement therapy for various nervous system disorders. Here we report that adult rat Dental Pulp cells have the ability to form neurospheres when cultured in serum-free culture medium on super-hydrophilic plates. The cells within small spheres continued to grow, and the Dental Pulp-derived cells generated large spheres. Sphere formation was dependent on exogenously supplied basic-fibroblast growth factor, but not on epidermal growth factor, and the formation and growth of Dental Pulp-derived spheres were negatively regulated by transforming growth factor-beta. Plating cells that were dissociated from spheres on an adhesive substrate resulted in differentiation into Tuj1- and MAP2-positive neuronal cells. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of Dental Pulp-derived spheres shows that they contained nestin-positive progenitors, Tuj1-positive neuronal cells and S100-positive glial cells. We found that spheres contained CD81 (TAPA1) and nestin double-positive cells, and identified a small population of CD81 and nestin double-positive cells in the odontoblast layer of the Dental Pulp. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD81-positive cells were enriched in the spheres compared with the Dental Pulp tissue. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining showed that nestin- and BrdU-positive cells were located only in the apical portion of the Dental Pulp, and the apical portion produced a large number of large-sized spheres. These data suggest that the CD81 and nestin double-positive cells localized in the odontoblast layer of the apical portion of the Dental Pulp may have the ability to grow and form neurospheres.
Ikhlas A El Karim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural Antimicrobials in the Dental Pulp.
Journal of endodontics, 2020Co-Authors: Fionnuala T Lundy, Denise F. Mclean, Gerard J. Linden, Christopher R Irwin, Ikhlas A El KarimAbstract:Like many tissues, the Dental Pulp is equipped with innate and adaptive immune responses, designed to defend against infection and limit its spread. The Pulp's innate immune response includes the synthesis and release of antimicrobial peptides by several Dental Pulp cell types. These naturally-occurring antimicrobial peptides have broad spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses. There is a resurgence of interest in the bioactivities of naturally-occurring antimicrobial peptides, largely driven by the need to develop alternatives to antibiotics. This narrative review focused on the general properties of antimicrobial peptides, providing an overview of their sources and actions within the Dental Pulp. We summarized the relevance of antimicrobial peptides in defending the Dental Pulp, highlighting the potential for many of these antimicrobials to be modified or mimicked for prospective therapeutic use. Antimicrobial peptides and novel peptide-based therapeutics are particularly attractive as emerging treatments for polymicrobial infections, such as endodontic infections, because of their broad activity against a range of pathogens. Copyright © 2020 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Ikhlas El Karim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Natural Antimicrobials in the Dental Pulp.
Journal of Endodontics, 2020Co-Authors: Fionnuala Lundy, Christopher Irwin, Denise F. Mclean, Gerard J. Linden, Ikhlas El KarimAbstract:Abstract Introduction Like many tissues, the Dental Pulp is equipped with innate and adaptive immune responses, designed to defend against infection and limit its spread. The Pulp’s innate immune response includes the synthesis and release of antimicrobial peptides by several Dental Pulp cell types. These naturally-occurring antimicrobial peptides have broad spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses. There is a resurgence of interest in the bioactivities of naturally-occurring antimicrobial peptides, largely driven by the need to develop alternatives to antibiotics. Methods This narrative review focused on the general properties of antimicrobial peptides, providing an overview of their sources and actions within the Dental Pulp. Results We summarized the relevance of antimicrobial peptides in defending the Dental Pulp, highlighting the potential for many of these antimicrobials to be modified or mimicked for prospective therapeutic use. Conclusion Antimicrobial peptides and novel peptide-based therapeutics are particularly attractive as emerging treatments for polymicrobial infections, such as endodontic infections, because of their broad activity against a range of pathogens.