The Experts below are selected from a list of 135 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maria Joao Guedes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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r d and ceo Departure Date do financial incentives make ceo s more opportunistic
Social Science Research Network, 2019Co-Authors: Ciaran Driver, Maria Joao GuedesAbstract:The purpose of this article is to examine whether R&D expenditure is biased downwards because of self-serving behavior of highly incentivized managers. This offers an insight into the general relationship between incentives and opportunism. Using instrumental variables and panel data methods for a sample of high R&D spenders in the UK, we examine whether R&D is reduced in cases of imminent Departure of the CEO. Results show evidence for this but only for the sample above the median in intensity of stock and options in the compensation package. This suggests that opportunism is enhanced by inappropriately strong incentives. The main results are robust to the inclusion of a number of corporate governance variables.
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r d and ceo Departure Date do financial incentives make ceos more opportunistic
Industrial and Corporate Change, 2017Co-Authors: Ciaran Driver, Maria Joao GuedesAbstract:The purpose of this article is to examine whether Research and Development (R&D) expenditure is biased downward because of self-serving behavior of highly incentivized managers. This offers an insight into the general relationship between incentives and opportunism. Using instrumental variables and panel-data methods for a sample of high R&D spenders in the UK, we examine whether R&D is reduced in cases of imminent Departure of the CEO. Results show evidence for this but only for the sample above the median in intensity of stock and options in the compensation package. This suggests that opportunism is enhanced by inappropriately strong incentives. The main results are robust to the inclusion of a number of corporate governance variables. JEL classification: G30, O30
Phil F Battley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the importance of yalu jiang coastal wetland in the north yellow sea to bar tailed godwits limosa lapponica and great knots calidris tenuirostris during northward migration
Bird Conservation International, 2015Co-Authors: Chiyeung Choi, Phil F Battley, Murray A Potter, Ken G RogersAbstract:Summary Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica and Great Knots Calidris tenuirostris are long-distance migratory shorebirds with declining numbers in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. One of the most important staging sites for these two species during northward migration is Yalu Jiang coastal wetland in the north Yellow Sea. Historical counts have been limited to once a year and conducted at different periods; these yield inadequate data for population monitoring. We estimated the numbers of Bar-tailed Godwits and Great Knots and described their migration phenology during northward migration from 2010 to 2012 at the Yalu Jiang coastal wetland, using a combination of periodic area-wide counts over the migration period and a modelling approach that estimates passage times and total numbers of birds transiting. The mean arrival Date for L. l. baueri godwits was 29 March and mean Departure Date was 8 May. Corresponding Dates were 11 April and 15 May for L. l. menzbieri godwits and 7 April and 14 May for Great Knots. We estimated that an annual average of over 68,000 Bar-tailed Godwits and 44,000 Great Knots used the area on northward migration from 2010-2012. Our results indicate that the Yalu Jiang coastal wetland supports on average at least 42% of the flyway's northward-migrating L. l. baueri godwits, 19% of L. l. menzbieri godwits, and 22% of the Great Knots. Comparisons with historical counts conducted during peak migration periods indicate a 13% decline in Bar-tailed Godwits since 2004 and an 18% decline in Great Knots since 1999. Our results confirm that the study area remains the most important northward migration staging site for Bar-tailed Godwits and indicate that it has become the most important northward migration staging site for Great Knots along the flyway.
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do body condition and plumage during fuelling predict northwards Departure Dates of great knots calidris tenuirostris from north west australia
Ibis, 2003Co-Authors: Phil F Battley, Theunis Piersma, Danny I Rogers, Anne Dekinga, Bernard Spaans, Jan A Van GilsAbstract:It is often assumed that strong selection pressures give rise to trade-offs between body condition and time in long-distance migrating birds. Birds that are 'behind schedule' in fuel deposition or moult should delay Departure, and this should result in a negative correlation between initial condition and Departure Date. We tested this hypothesis in the Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris migrating from north-west Australia to eastern Asia en route to Siberia. Great Knot gain mass and moult into breeding plumage before leaving northern Australia in late March and early April, and fly 5400-6000 km to eastern China and Korea. We radiotracked 27 individuals (17 males and ten females) to determine Departure Dates; 23 migrated and four remained in Australia. We characterized body condition at capture using body mass, predicted pectoral muscle mass (based on ultrasound estimates of the size of the pectoral muscles) and breeding plumage scores. Residual condition indices were uncorrelated, indicating that at the individual level, variation in one fuelling component was not strongly associated with variation in the other components. Birds that did not depart had lower residual body mass and breeding plumage indices than those that did migrate; these four birds may have been subadults. Neither sex, size nor the condition indices explained variation in Departure Date of migrants. Reasons for this are explored. Departure Dates for northward migrating waders indicate that the migration window (span over which birds depart) decreases with proximity to the northern breeding grounds. We suggest that migration schedules become tighter as birds get nearer to the breeding grounds. Thus the lack of a relationship between condition and Departure Date in Great Knots may reflect the fact that the Departure episode under study is the first one in sequence and is still 4-8 weeks before breeding.
Jan A Van Gils - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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do body condition and plumage during fuelling predict northwards Departure Dates of great knots calidris tenuirostris from north west australia
Ibis, 2003Co-Authors: Phil F Battley, Theunis Piersma, Danny I Rogers, Anne Dekinga, Bernard Spaans, Jan A Van GilsAbstract:It is often assumed that strong selection pressures give rise to trade-offs between body condition and time in long-distance migrating birds. Birds that are 'behind schedule' in fuel deposition or moult should delay Departure, and this should result in a negative correlation between initial condition and Departure Date. We tested this hypothesis in the Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris migrating from north-west Australia to eastern Asia en route to Siberia. Great Knot gain mass and moult into breeding plumage before leaving northern Australia in late March and early April, and fly 5400-6000 km to eastern China and Korea. We radiotracked 27 individuals (17 males and ten females) to determine Departure Dates; 23 migrated and four remained in Australia. We characterized body condition at capture using body mass, predicted pectoral muscle mass (based on ultrasound estimates of the size of the pectoral muscles) and breeding plumage scores. Residual condition indices were uncorrelated, indicating that at the individual level, variation in one fuelling component was not strongly associated with variation in the other components. Birds that did not depart had lower residual body mass and breeding plumage indices than those that did migrate; these four birds may have been subadults. Neither sex, size nor the condition indices explained variation in Departure Date of migrants. Reasons for this are explored. Departure Dates for northward migrating waders indicate that the migration window (span over which birds depart) decreases with proximity to the northern breeding grounds. We suggest that migration schedules become tighter as birds get nearer to the breeding grounds. Thus the lack of a relationship between condition and Departure Date in Great Knots may reflect the fact that the Departure episode under study is the first one in sequence and is still 4-8 weeks before breeding.
Ciaran Driver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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r d and ceo Departure Date do financial incentives make ceo s more opportunistic
Social Science Research Network, 2019Co-Authors: Ciaran Driver, Maria Joao GuedesAbstract:The purpose of this article is to examine whether R&D expenditure is biased downwards because of self-serving behavior of highly incentivized managers. This offers an insight into the general relationship between incentives and opportunism. Using instrumental variables and panel data methods for a sample of high R&D spenders in the UK, we examine whether R&D is reduced in cases of imminent Departure of the CEO. Results show evidence for this but only for the sample above the median in intensity of stock and options in the compensation package. This suggests that opportunism is enhanced by inappropriately strong incentives. The main results are robust to the inclusion of a number of corporate governance variables.
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r d and ceo Departure Date do financial incentives make ceos more opportunistic
Industrial and Corporate Change, 2017Co-Authors: Ciaran Driver, Maria Joao GuedesAbstract:The purpose of this article is to examine whether Research and Development (R&D) expenditure is biased downward because of self-serving behavior of highly incentivized managers. This offers an insight into the general relationship between incentives and opportunism. Using instrumental variables and panel-data methods for a sample of high R&D spenders in the UK, we examine whether R&D is reduced in cases of imminent Departure of the CEO. Results show evidence for this but only for the sample above the median in intensity of stock and options in the compensation package. This suggests that opportunism is enhanced by inappropriately strong incentives. The main results are robust to the inclusion of a number of corporate governance variables. JEL classification: G30, O30
Ryan D Norris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fuel loads acquired at a stopover site influence the pace of intercontinental migration in a boreal songbird
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Camila Gomez, Ryan D Norris, Nicholas J Bayly, Stuart A Mackenzie, Kenneth V Rosenberg, Philip D Taylor, Keith A Hobson, Carlos Daniel CadenaAbstract:Long-distance migratory organisms are under strong selection to migrate quickly. Stopovers demand more time than flying and are used by individuals to refuel during migration, but the effect of fuel loads (fat) acquired at stopover sites on the subsequent pace of migration has not been quantified. We studied stopover behaviour of Grey-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus) at a site in northern Colombia and then tracked their migration using an intercontinental radio-telemetry array. Tracking confirmed long-distance flights of more than 3000 km, highlighting the key importance of a single stopover site to the migration strategy of this species. Our results suggest that these songbirds behave as time-minimizers as predicted by optimal migration theory, and that fuel loads acquired at this South American stopover site, together with Departure Date, carry-over to influence the pace of migration, contributing to differences in travel time of up to 30 days in birds subsequently detected in the U. S. and Canada. Such variation in the pace of migration arising from a single stopover site, likely has important fitness consequences and suggests that identifying important fuelling sites will be essential to effectively conserve migratory species.
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timing of breeding carries over to influence migratory Departure in a songbird an automated radiotracking study
Journal of Animal Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Greg W Mitchell, Amy E M Newman, Martin Wikelski, Ryan D NorrisAbstract:Summary 1. Determining how events interact across stages of the annual cycle is critical for understanding the factors that affect individual fitness. However, there is currently little information detailing how breeding events influence migratory behaviour. 2. Using an automated digital telemetry array and an isolated island-breeding population of Savannah sparrows Passerculus sandwichensis, we provide the first direct evidence that the timing of breeding events carries over to influence the timing of migration in a songbird and assess for the first time how weather conditions on the breeding grounds also affect Departure Dates. 3. Date of migratory Departure between September and October was strongly influenced by Date of breeding completion in adults and fledging Date in juveniles from June to July. 4. With respect to weather, adults departed during the first half of high-pressure systems, while juveniles departed throughout the entirety of high-pressure systems (including rainy evenings on the western edge of systems). 5. By combining both ecological and weather data, we could explain almost all variation in Departure Date for adults (95%), but weather conditions were not a good predictor of Departure Date for juveniles. 6. Our results provide strong evidence that the timing of breeding events is an important driver of migration timing and that exact Departure Dates are fine-tuned according to local weather conditions in adults, but not in juveniles.