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Lyn Y Abramson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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BRIEF REPORT Cognitive Vulnerability and Frontal Brain Asymmetry: Common Predictors of First Prospective Depressive Episode
2015Co-Authors: Robin Nusslock, James A Coan, Alexander J Shackman, Lauren B Alloy, Lyn Y AbramsonAbstract:The hopelessness theory of depression proposes that individuals with a Depressogenic cognitive style are more likely to become hopeless and experience depression following negative life events. Although the neurophysiological underpinnings of cognitive style remain speculative, research indicates that decreased relative left frontal brain electrical activity holds promise as a traitlike marker of depression. This begs the question: Do measures of Depressogenic cognitive style and resting frontal brain asymmetry index a common vulnerability? The present study provides preliminary support for this hypothesis. At baseline assessment, increased cognitive vulnerability to depression was associated with decreased relative left frontal brain activity at rest in individuals with no prior history of, or current, depression. Following baseline assessment, participants were followed prospectively an average of 3 years with structured diagnostic interviews at 4-month intervals. Both cognitive vulnerability and asymmetric frontal cortical activity prospectively predicted onset of first depressive episode in separate univariate analyses. Fur-thermore, multivariate analyses indicated that cognitive vulnerability and frontal asymmetry represented shared, rather than independent, predictors of first depression onset
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cognitive vulnerability and frontal brain asymmetry common predictors of first prospective depressive episode
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2011Co-Authors: Robin Nusslock, James A Coan, Alexander J Shackman, Eddie Harmonjones, Lauren B Alloy, Lyn Y AbramsonAbstract:The hopelessness theory of depression proposes that individuals with a Depressogenic cognitive style are more likely to become hopeless and experience depression following negative life events. Although the neurophysiological underpinnings of cognitive style remain speculative, research indicates that decreased relative left frontal brain electrical activity holds promise as a traitlike marker of depression. This begs the question: Do measures of Depressogenic cognitive style and resting frontal brain asymmetry index a common vulnerability? The present study provides preliminary support for this hypothesis. At baseline assessment, increased cognitive vulnerability to depression was associated with decreased relative left frontal brain activity at rest in individuals with no prior history of, or current, depression. Following baseline assessment, participants were followed prospectively an average of 3 years with structured diagnostic interviews at 4-month intervals. Both cognitive vulnerability and asymmetric frontal cortical activity prospectively predicted onset of first depressive episode in separate univariate analyses. Furthermore, multivariate analyses indicated that cognitive vulnerability and frontal asymmetry represented shared, rather than independent, predictors of first depression onset.
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Cognitive vulnerability and frontal brain asymmetry: Common predictors of first prospective depressive episode
2011Co-Authors: Robin Nusslock, Alexander J Shackman, Lauren B Alloy, Lyn Y Abramson, Er J. Shackman, Eddie Harmon-jones, James AAbstract:The hopelessness theory of depression proposes that individuals with a Depressogenic cognitive style are more likely to become hopeless and experience depression following negative life events. Although the neurophysiological underpinnings of cognitive style remain speculative, research indicates that decreased relative left frontal brain electrical activity holds promise as a traitlike marker of depression. This begs the question: Do measures of Depressogenic cognitive style and resting frontal brain asymmetry index a common vulnerability? The present study provides preliminary support for this hypothesis. At baseline assessment, increased cognitive vulnerability to depression was associated with decreased relative left frontal brain activity at rest in individuals with no prior history of, or current, depression. Following baseline assessment, participants were followed prospectively an average of 3 years with structured diagnostic interviews at 4-month intervals. Both cognitive vulnerability and asymmetric frontal cortical activity prospectively predicted onset of first depressive episode in separate univariate analyses. Fur-thermore, multivariate analyses indicated that cognitive vulnerability and frontal asymmetry represente
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the developmental origins of cognitive vulnerability to depression temperament parenting and negative life events in childhood as contributors to negative cognitive style
Developmental Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Amy H Mezulis, Janet Shibley Hyde, Lyn Y AbramsonAbstract:Cognitive models of depression have been well supported with adults, but the developmental origins of cognitive vulnerability are not well understood. The authors hypothesized that temperament, parenting, and negative life events in childhood would contribute to the development of cognitive style, with withdrawal negativity and negative parental feedback moderating the effects of negative life events to predict more Depressogenic cognitive styles. These constructs were assessed in 289 children and their parents followed longitudinally from infancy to 5th grade; a subsample (n = 120) also participated in a behavioral task in which maternal feedback to child failure was observed. Results indicated that greater withdrawal negativity in interaction with negative life events was associated with more negative cognitive styles. Self-reported maternal anger expression and observed negative maternal feedback to child's failure significantly interacted with child's negative events to predict greater cognitive vulnerability. There was little evidence of paternal parenting predicting child negative cognitive style.
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Depressogenic cognitive styles predictive validity information processing and personality characteristics and developmental origins
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1999Co-Authors: Lauren B Alloy, Lyn Y Abramson, Wayne G Whitehouse, Michael E Hogan, Nancy A Tashman, Dena L Steinberg, Donna T Rose, Patricia DonovanAbstract:Two of the major cognitive theories of depression, the theory of Beck [Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper & Row. and Beck, A. T. (1987) Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: an International Quarterly, 1, 5-37] and the hopelessness theory [Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, (1989) Hopelessness depression: a theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372], include the hypothesis that particular negative cognitive styles increase individuals' likelihood of developing episodes of depression, in particular, a cognitively mediated subtype of depression, when they encounter negative life events. The Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (CVD) project is a two-site, prospective longitudinal study designed to test this cognitive vulnerability hypothesis, as well as the other etiological hypotheses of Beck's and the hopelessness theories of depression. In this article, based on CVD project findings to date, we review evidence that the hypothesized Depressogenic cognitive styles do indeed confer vulnerability for clinically significant depressive disorders and suicidality. In addition, we present evidence regarding moderators of these Depressogenic cognitive styles, the information processing and personality correlates of these styles and the possible developmental antecedents of these styles. We end with a consideration of future research directions and the clinical implications of cognitive vulnerability to depression.
Carol A Prescott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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• Send to a Friend • Readers Reply
2013Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, Charles O Gardner, Md John, M. Hettema, Phd Frank Butera, Carol A PrescottAbstract:•Submit a reply • Related articles in this issue • Similar articles in this journal Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:789-796. Background Although substantial evidence suggests that stressful life events predispose to the onset of episodes of depression and anxiety, the essential features of these events that are Depressogenic and anxiogenic remain uncertain. Methods High contextual threat stressful life events, assessed in 98 592 personmonths from 7322 male and female adult twins ascertained from a population-based registry, were blindly rated on the dimensions of humiliation, entrapment, loss, and danger and their categories. Onsets of pure major depression (MD), pure generalized anxiety syndrome (GAS) (defined as generalized anxiety disorder with a 2-week minimum duration), and mixed MD-GAS episodes were examined using logistic regression
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sex differences in the relationship between social support and risk for major depression a longitudinal study of opposite sex twin pairs
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, John Myers, Carol A PrescottAbstract:Objective: Compared to men, women have larger and more intimate social networks and higher rates of major depression. Prior studies have suggested that women are more sensitive to the Depressogenic effects of low social support, but most of these studies had substantial methodologic limitations. Method: In two interview waves at least 1 year apart, 1,057 pairs of opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs ascertained from a population-based register were assessed. The authors predicted risk of major depression in the year before the wave 2 interview from levels of social support assessed at wave 1. Results: Women reported higher levels of global social support than their twin brothers. Global social support at wave 1 predicted risk for major depression at wave 2 significantly more strongly in female than in male members of these pairs, and the same effect was seen when the analysis controlled for the history of major depression in the year prior to wave 1. Women were more sensitive than men to the Depressogenic effects of low levels of social support, particularly from the co-twin, other relatives, parents, and spouses. Levels of social support did not explain the sex difference in risk for major depression. Conclusions: Emotionally supportive social relationships are substantially more protective against major depression for women than for men. While these effects cannot explain sex effects on the prevalence of major depression, they do suggest important sex differences in pathways of risk. Clarification of the nature of the causal links between low social support and depression in women is needed.
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childhood sexual abuse stressful life events and risk for major depression in women
Psychological Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, Jonathan W Kuhn, Carol A PrescottAbstract:BACKGROUND: In animals, early trauma can produce long-lasting changes in sensitivity to the pathogenic effects of stress. To explore whether similar processes occur in humans, we examine whether childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in women alters sensitivity in adulthood to the Depressogenic effects of stressful life events (SLEs). METHOD: A history of CSA was obtained from a population-based sample of 1404 female adult twins. Cox Proportional hazard models were used to predict onsets of episodes of DSM-III-R major depression (MD) in the past year from previously assessed levels of neuroticism (N), CSA and past-year SLEs scored on long-term contextual threat. RESULTS: In the best-fit model, onset of MD was predicted by CSA, SLEs and N. Individuals with CSA (and especially with severe CSA) had both an overall increased risk for MD and a substantially increased sensitivity to the Depressogenic effects of SLEs. A 'dose-response' relationship between severity of CSA and sensitivity to SLEs was clearer in those with low to average levels of N than in those with high levels of N. CONCLUSION: As documented with physiological responses to a standardized laboratory stressor, CSA increases stress sensitivity in women in a more naturalistic setting. Both genetic and early environmental risk factors can produce long-term increase in the sensitivity of individuals to Depressogenic life experiences. Language: en
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childhood sexual abuse stressful life events and risk for major depression in women
Psychological Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, Jonathan W Kuhn, Carol A PrescottAbstract:Background. In animals, early trauma can produce long-lasting changes in sensitivity to the pathogenic effects of stress. To explore whether similar processes occur in humans, we examine whether childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in women alters sensitivity in adulthood to the Depressogenic effects of stressful life events (SLEs).Method. A history of CSA was obtained from a population-based sample of 1404 female adult twins. Cox Proportional hazard models were used to predict onsets of episodes of DSM-III-R major depression (MD) in the past year from previously assessed levels of neuroticism (N), CSA and past-year SLEs scored on long-term contextual threat.Results. In the best-fit model, onset of MD was predicted by CSA, SLEs and N. Individuals with CSA (and especially with severe CSA) had both an overall increased risk for MD and a substantially increased sensitivity to the Depressogenic effects of SLEs. A ‘dose–response’ relationship between severity of CSA and sensitivity to SLEs was clearer in those with low to average levels of N than in those with high levels of N.Conclusion. As documented with physiological responses to a standardized laboratory stressor, CSA increases stress sensitivity in women in a more naturalistic setting. Both genetic and early environmental risk factors can produce long-term increase in the sensitivity of individuals to Depressogenic life experiences.
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life event dimensions of loss humiliation entrapment and danger in the prediction of onsets of major depression and generalized anxiety
Archives of General Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, John M Hettema, Frank Butera, Charles O Gardner, Carol A PrescottAbstract:Background Although substantial evidence suggests that stressful life events predispose to the onset of episodes of depression and anxiety, the essential features of these events that are Depressogenic and anxiogenic remain uncertain. Methods High contextual threat stressful life events, assessed in 98 592 person-months from 7322 male and female adult twins ascertained from a population-based registry, were blindly rated on the dimensions of humiliation, entrapment, loss, and danger and their categories. Onsets of pure major depression (MD), pure generalized anxiety syndrome (GAS) (defined as generalized anxiety disorder with a 2-week minimum duration), and mixed MD-GAS episodes were examined using logistic regression. Results Onsets of pure MD and mixed MD-GAS were predicted by higher ratings of loss and humiliation. Onsets of pure GAS were predicted by higher ratings of loss and danger. High ratings of entrapment predicted only onsets of mixed episodes. The loss categories of death and respondent-initiated separation predicted pure MD but not pure GAS episodes. Events with a combination of humiliation (especially other-initiated separation) and loss were more Depressogenic than pure loss events, including death. No sex differences were seen in the prediction of episodes of illness by event categories. Conclusions In addition to loss, humiliating events that directly devalue an individual in a core role were strongly linked to risk for depressive episodes. Event dimensions and categories that predispose to pure MD vs pure GAS episodes can be distinguished with moderate specificity. The event dimensions that preceded mixed MD-GAS episodes were largely the sum of those that preceded pure MD and pure GAS episodes.
Kenneth S Kendler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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• Send to a Friend • Readers Reply
2013Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, Charles O Gardner, Md John, M. Hettema, Phd Frank Butera, Carol A PrescottAbstract:•Submit a reply • Related articles in this issue • Similar articles in this journal Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:789-796. Background Although substantial evidence suggests that stressful life events predispose to the onset of episodes of depression and anxiety, the essential features of these events that are Depressogenic and anxiogenic remain uncertain. Methods High contextual threat stressful life events, assessed in 98 592 personmonths from 7322 male and female adult twins ascertained from a population-based registry, were blindly rated on the dimensions of humiliation, entrapment, loss, and danger and their categories. Onsets of pure major depression (MD), pure generalized anxiety syndrome (GAS) (defined as generalized anxiety disorder with a 2-week minimum duration), and mixed MD-GAS episodes were examined using logistic regression
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sex differences in the relationship between social support and risk for major depression a longitudinal study of opposite sex twin pairs
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, John Myers, Carol A PrescottAbstract:Objective: Compared to men, women have larger and more intimate social networks and higher rates of major depression. Prior studies have suggested that women are more sensitive to the Depressogenic effects of low social support, but most of these studies had substantial methodologic limitations. Method: In two interview waves at least 1 year apart, 1,057 pairs of opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs ascertained from a population-based register were assessed. The authors predicted risk of major depression in the year before the wave 2 interview from levels of social support assessed at wave 1. Results: Women reported higher levels of global social support than their twin brothers. Global social support at wave 1 predicted risk for major depression at wave 2 significantly more strongly in female than in male members of these pairs, and the same effect was seen when the analysis controlled for the history of major depression in the year prior to wave 1. Women were more sensitive than men to the Depressogenic effects of low levels of social support, particularly from the co-twin, other relatives, parents, and spouses. Levels of social support did not explain the sex difference in risk for major depression. Conclusions: Emotionally supportive social relationships are substantially more protective against major depression for women than for men. While these effects cannot explain sex effects on the prevalence of major depression, they do suggest important sex differences in pathways of risk. Clarification of the nature of the causal links between low social support and depression in women is needed.
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childhood sexual abuse stressful life events and risk for major depression in women
Psychological Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, Jonathan W Kuhn, Carol A PrescottAbstract:BACKGROUND: In animals, early trauma can produce long-lasting changes in sensitivity to the pathogenic effects of stress. To explore whether similar processes occur in humans, we examine whether childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in women alters sensitivity in adulthood to the Depressogenic effects of stressful life events (SLEs). METHOD: A history of CSA was obtained from a population-based sample of 1404 female adult twins. Cox Proportional hazard models were used to predict onsets of episodes of DSM-III-R major depression (MD) in the past year from previously assessed levels of neuroticism (N), CSA and past-year SLEs scored on long-term contextual threat. RESULTS: In the best-fit model, onset of MD was predicted by CSA, SLEs and N. Individuals with CSA (and especially with severe CSA) had both an overall increased risk for MD and a substantially increased sensitivity to the Depressogenic effects of SLEs. A 'dose-response' relationship between severity of CSA and sensitivity to SLEs was clearer in those with low to average levels of N than in those with high levels of N. CONCLUSION: As documented with physiological responses to a standardized laboratory stressor, CSA increases stress sensitivity in women in a more naturalistic setting. Both genetic and early environmental risk factors can produce long-term increase in the sensitivity of individuals to Depressogenic life experiences. Language: en
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childhood sexual abuse stressful life events and risk for major depression in women
Psychological Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, Jonathan W Kuhn, Carol A PrescottAbstract:Background. In animals, early trauma can produce long-lasting changes in sensitivity to the pathogenic effects of stress. To explore whether similar processes occur in humans, we examine whether childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in women alters sensitivity in adulthood to the Depressogenic effects of stressful life events (SLEs).Method. A history of CSA was obtained from a population-based sample of 1404 female adult twins. Cox Proportional hazard models were used to predict onsets of episodes of DSM-III-R major depression (MD) in the past year from previously assessed levels of neuroticism (N), CSA and past-year SLEs scored on long-term contextual threat.Results. In the best-fit model, onset of MD was predicted by CSA, SLEs and N. Individuals with CSA (and especially with severe CSA) had both an overall increased risk for MD and a substantially increased sensitivity to the Depressogenic effects of SLEs. A ‘dose–response’ relationship between severity of CSA and sensitivity to SLEs was clearer in those with low to average levels of N than in those with high levels of N.Conclusion. As documented with physiological responses to a standardized laboratory stressor, CSA increases stress sensitivity in women in a more naturalistic setting. Both genetic and early environmental risk factors can produce long-term increase in the sensitivity of individuals to Depressogenic life experiences.
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life event dimensions of loss humiliation entrapment and danger in the prediction of onsets of major depression and generalized anxiety
Archives of General Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, John M Hettema, Frank Butera, Charles O Gardner, Carol A PrescottAbstract:Background Although substantial evidence suggests that stressful life events predispose to the onset of episodes of depression and anxiety, the essential features of these events that are Depressogenic and anxiogenic remain uncertain. Methods High contextual threat stressful life events, assessed in 98 592 person-months from 7322 male and female adult twins ascertained from a population-based registry, were blindly rated on the dimensions of humiliation, entrapment, loss, and danger and their categories. Onsets of pure major depression (MD), pure generalized anxiety syndrome (GAS) (defined as generalized anxiety disorder with a 2-week minimum duration), and mixed MD-GAS episodes were examined using logistic regression. Results Onsets of pure MD and mixed MD-GAS were predicted by higher ratings of loss and humiliation. Onsets of pure GAS were predicted by higher ratings of loss and danger. High ratings of entrapment predicted only onsets of mixed episodes. The loss categories of death and respondent-initiated separation predicted pure MD but not pure GAS episodes. Events with a combination of humiliation (especially other-initiated separation) and loss were more Depressogenic than pure loss events, including death. No sex differences were seen in the prediction of episodes of illness by event categories. Conclusions In addition to loss, humiliating events that directly devalue an individual in a core role were strongly linked to risk for depressive episodes. Event dimensions and categories that predispose to pure MD vs pure GAS episodes can be distinguished with moderate specificity. The event dimensions that preceded mixed MD-GAS episodes were largely the sum of those that preceded pure MD and pure GAS episodes.
Clinton D. Kilts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differential functional connectivity within an emotion regulation neural network among individuals resilient and susceptible to the Depressogenic effects of early life stress
Psychological Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Joshua M. Cisler, G. A. James, Tanja Mletzko, Helen S Mayberg, Christine Heim, Charles B. Nemeroff, Shanti P Tripathi, Clinton D. KiltsAbstract:Background. Early life stress (ELS) is a significant risk factor for depression. The effects of ELS exposure on neuralnetwork organization have not been differentiated from the effect of depression. Furthermore, many individualsexposed to ELS do not develop depression, yet the network organization patterns differentiating resiliency versussusceptibility to the Depressogenic effects of ELS are not clear.Method. Women aged 18–44 years with either a history of ELS and no history of depression (n=7), a history of ELSand current or past depression (n=19), or a history of neither ELS nor depression (n=12) underwent a resting-state3-T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. An emotion regulation brain network consisting of 21 nodeswas described using graph analyses and compared between groups.Results. Group differences in network topology involved decreased global connectivity and hub-like properties forthe right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and decreased local network connectivity for the dorsal anteriorcingulate cortex (dACC) among resilient individuals. Decreased local connectivity and increased hub-like propertiesof the left amygdala, decreased hub-like properties of the dACC and decreased local connectivity of the left vlPFCwere observed among susceptible individuals. Regression analyses suggested that the severity of ELS (measured byself-report) correlated negatively with global connectivity and hub-like qualities for the left dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC).Conclusions. These preliminary results suggest functional neural connectivity patterns specific to ELS exposure andresiliency versus susceptibility to the Depressogenic effects of ELS exposure.Received 24 August 2011; Revised 23 May 2012; Accepted 24 May 2012Key words: Depression, early life trauma, emotion regulation, graph theory, resting-state fMRI.
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Differential functional connectivity within an emotion regulation neural network among individuals resilient and susceptible to the Depressogenic effects of early life stress
Psychological Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Joshua M. Cisler, G. A. James, Tanja Mletzko, X P Hu, S Tripathi, Helen S Mayberg, Christine Heim, Charles B. Nemeroff, Clinton D. KiltsAbstract:BACKGROUND: Early life stress (ELS) is a significant risk factor for depression. The effects of ELS exposure on neural network organization have not been differentiated from the effect of depression. Furthermore, many individuals exposed to ELS do not develop depression, yet the network organization patterns differentiating resiliency versus susceptibility to the Depressogenic effects of ELS are not clear.\n\nMETHOD: Women aged 18-44 years with either a history of ELS and no history of depression (n = 7), a history of ELS and current or past depression (n = 19), or a history of neither ELS nor depression (n = 12) underwent a resting-state 3-T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. An emotion regulation brain network consisting of 21 nodes was described using graph analyses and compared between groups.\n\nRESULTS: Group differences in network topology involved decreased global connectivity and hub-like properties for the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and decreased local network connectivity for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) among resilient individuals. Decreased local connectivity and increased hub-like properties of the left amygdala, decreased hub-like properties of the dACC and decreased local connectivity of the left vlPFC were observed among susceptible individuals. Regression analyses suggested that the severity of ELS (measured by self-report) correlated negatively with global connectivity and hub-like qualities for the left dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest functional neural connectivity patterns specific to ELS exposure and resiliency versus susceptibility to the Depressogenic effects of ELS exposure.
Lauren B Alloy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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BRIEF REPORT Cognitive Vulnerability and Frontal Brain Asymmetry: Common Predictors of First Prospective Depressive Episode
2015Co-Authors: Robin Nusslock, James A Coan, Alexander J Shackman, Lauren B Alloy, Lyn Y AbramsonAbstract:The hopelessness theory of depression proposes that individuals with a Depressogenic cognitive style are more likely to become hopeless and experience depression following negative life events. Although the neurophysiological underpinnings of cognitive style remain speculative, research indicates that decreased relative left frontal brain electrical activity holds promise as a traitlike marker of depression. This begs the question: Do measures of Depressogenic cognitive style and resting frontal brain asymmetry index a common vulnerability? The present study provides preliminary support for this hypothesis. At baseline assessment, increased cognitive vulnerability to depression was associated with decreased relative left frontal brain activity at rest in individuals with no prior history of, or current, depression. Following baseline assessment, participants were followed prospectively an average of 3 years with structured diagnostic interviews at 4-month intervals. Both cognitive vulnerability and asymmetric frontal cortical activity prospectively predicted onset of first depressive episode in separate univariate analyses. Fur-thermore, multivariate analyses indicated that cognitive vulnerability and frontal asymmetry represented shared, rather than independent, predictors of first depression onset
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cognitive vulnerability and frontal brain asymmetry common predictors of first prospective depressive episode
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2011Co-Authors: Robin Nusslock, James A Coan, Alexander J Shackman, Eddie Harmonjones, Lauren B Alloy, Lyn Y AbramsonAbstract:The hopelessness theory of depression proposes that individuals with a Depressogenic cognitive style are more likely to become hopeless and experience depression following negative life events. Although the neurophysiological underpinnings of cognitive style remain speculative, research indicates that decreased relative left frontal brain electrical activity holds promise as a traitlike marker of depression. This begs the question: Do measures of Depressogenic cognitive style and resting frontal brain asymmetry index a common vulnerability? The present study provides preliminary support for this hypothesis. At baseline assessment, increased cognitive vulnerability to depression was associated with decreased relative left frontal brain activity at rest in individuals with no prior history of, or current, depression. Following baseline assessment, participants were followed prospectively an average of 3 years with structured diagnostic interviews at 4-month intervals. Both cognitive vulnerability and asymmetric frontal cortical activity prospectively predicted onset of first depressive episode in separate univariate analyses. Furthermore, multivariate analyses indicated that cognitive vulnerability and frontal asymmetry represented shared, rather than independent, predictors of first depression onset.
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Cognitive vulnerability and frontal brain asymmetry: Common predictors of first prospective depressive episode
2011Co-Authors: Robin Nusslock, Alexander J Shackman, Lauren B Alloy, Lyn Y Abramson, Er J. Shackman, Eddie Harmon-jones, James AAbstract:The hopelessness theory of depression proposes that individuals with a Depressogenic cognitive style are more likely to become hopeless and experience depression following negative life events. Although the neurophysiological underpinnings of cognitive style remain speculative, research indicates that decreased relative left frontal brain electrical activity holds promise as a traitlike marker of depression. This begs the question: Do measures of Depressogenic cognitive style and resting frontal brain asymmetry index a common vulnerability? The present study provides preliminary support for this hypothesis. At baseline assessment, increased cognitive vulnerability to depression was associated with decreased relative left frontal brain activity at rest in individuals with no prior history of, or current, depression. Following baseline assessment, participants were followed prospectively an average of 3 years with structured diagnostic interviews at 4-month intervals. Both cognitive vulnerability and asymmetric frontal cortical activity prospectively predicted onset of first depressive episode in separate univariate analyses. Fur-thermore, multivariate analyses indicated that cognitive vulnerability and frontal asymmetry represente
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Depressogenic cognitive styles predictive validity information processing and personality characteristics and developmental origins
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 1999Co-Authors: Lauren B Alloy, Lyn Y Abramson, Wayne G Whitehouse, Michael E Hogan, Nancy A Tashman, Dena L Steinberg, Donna T Rose, Patricia DonovanAbstract:Two of the major cognitive theories of depression, the theory of Beck [Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper & Row. and Beck, A. T. (1987) Cognitive models of depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: an International Quarterly, 1, 5-37] and the hopelessness theory [Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, (1989) Hopelessness depression: a theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372], include the hypothesis that particular negative cognitive styles increase individuals' likelihood of developing episodes of depression, in particular, a cognitively mediated subtype of depression, when they encounter negative life events. The Temple-Wisconsin Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression (CVD) project is a two-site, prospective longitudinal study designed to test this cognitive vulnerability hypothesis, as well as the other etiological hypotheses of Beck's and the hopelessness theories of depression. In this article, based on CVD project findings to date, we review evidence that the hypothesized Depressogenic cognitive styles do indeed confer vulnerability for clinically significant depressive disorders and suicidality. In addition, we present evidence regarding moderators of these Depressogenic cognitive styles, the information processing and personality correlates of these styles and the possible developmental antecedents of these styles. We end with a consideration of future research directions and the clinical implications of cognitive vulnerability to depression.