The Experts below are selected from a list of 2031 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sabrina Luimpöck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social recognition beyond employment. refugees embedding Deskilling and restructuring identity
2019Co-Authors: Sabrina LuimpöckAbstract:Employment is considered the primary sphere of social recognition. However, for refugees this source is often unavailable due to phases of unemployment and Deskilling. This article explores practic...
Malcolm Carey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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white collar proletariat braverman the Deskilling upskilling of social work and the paradoxical life of the agency care manager
2007Co-Authors: Malcolm CareyAbstract:• Summary: This paper considers the experience of a small cohort of agency care managers 1 (N = 23) in the context of the ongoing debate about the Deskilling of social work. Evidence is presented and discussed in relation to post-war studies of the labour process and asks whether Braverman's proposition that Deskilling is an inevitable outcome of capitalism's labour process has any relevance in explaining whether agency social workers are `white-collar proletarians' or not.• Findings: The article identifies that there have been important changes to the social work labour process, including the regimes of care/case management and the subsequent intensification of employee workloads and Deskilling (particularly for agency workers). However, for agency workers there are important processes that have stood to contain the full impact of proletarianization.• Applications : The evidence provided suggests that 1) social work is still experiencing significant forces of change which continue to extend the process o...
Stephen Procter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deskilling and reskilling within the labour process the case of computer integrated manufacturing
1997Co-Authors: Andrew Agnew, Paul Forrester, John Hassard, Stephen ProcterAbstract:Abstract The Deskilling/reskilling controversy within the labour process debate is considered within the context of the implementation of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). Effective implementation of CIM is shown to require an appreciation of the social and organizational issues associated with organizational change. As such the Deskilling/reskilling issue is worthy of analysis within the CIM context and aspects of the labour process debate are examined. The effects of technological change on the skills of shopfloor oerators and supervisors are examined by analysing two dimensions of skill, technical complexity and discretion or autonomy. The paper concludes that the outcomes of technical change are framed by managerial perceptions and consequent decisions on how technology should be implemented in terms of work organisation.
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Deskilling and reskilling within the labour process the case of computer integrated manufacturing
1997Co-Authors: Andrew Agnew, Paul Forrester, John Hassard, Stephen ProcterAbstract:Copyright (c) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. The Deskilling/reskilling controversy within the labour process debate is considered within the context of the implementation of Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). Effective implementation of CIM is shown to require an appreciation of the social and organizational issues associated with organizational change. As such the Deskilling/reskilling issue is worthy of analysis within the CIM context and aspects of the labour process debate are examined. The effects of technological change on the skills of shopfloor oerators and supervisors are examined by analysing two dimensions of skill, technical complexity and discretion or autonomy. The paper concludes that the outcomes of technical change are framed by managerial perceptions and consequent decisions on how technology should be implemented in terms of work organisation.
Orly Benjamin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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time is money Deskilling caring work through time allocation in services procurement
2015Co-Authors: Orly BenjaminAbstract:Recent research provides ample evidence indicating that care work is a source of job polarization in advanced economies. Explanations for the polarization trend have rarely examined the specific contribution of public procurement to polarization and, specifically, to polarization among women of the same occupation. In this study, I aim to explore the contribution of the Israeli procurement policy to Deskilling in gendered occupations, particularly nursing, social work, and teaching; areas with a rich history of unionization. I ask how polarization in general and polarization within the same occupation is accelerated by Deskilling, as differentially used for core and peripheral employees. To answer this question, I examine how job size allocation in contracted-out social services generates, and often legitimizes, de-skilling and under-valuation of women's work. Three Israeli government tender calls for projects in the area of education, health and welfare, were analyzed. The data shows a systematic administrative effort to reduce skilled employees’ funded time. The implications for linking public procurement of services and polarization among gendered occupations are discussed.
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four time is money Deskilling caring work through time allocation in services procurement
2015Co-Authors: Orly BenjaminAbstract:IntroductionIn her recent analysis of debates over the issue of skill recognition, Armstrong (2013) raises the salience of issues relating to time in the field. She reminds us that time is involved in the ways skills are "defined, assessed and practiced" (p. 274). Moreover, drawing on the organization of work in health services, Armstrong shows that under the New Public Management (NPM) shaping of social services, women in caring occupations are unable to manifest their occupational skills because of time constrains embedded in the work process. In looking at the role of states in promoting Deskilling as linked to time allocation in social services, she recognizes that measurement has replaced the notion of a caring service. But, how did time constraints become so salient to Deskilling in caring occupations? What institutional spaces shape these time constraints? Are time constraints imposed on core employees and peripheral employees in similar ways? I attempt to examine these questions by investigating a very specific organizational space: that of public procurement of social services. While authors agree that employment conditions in commissioned service deliverers are often bad (Cunningham, 2011), not enough attention has been directed to the administrative procedures responsible for this outcome. Through unveiling the dynamics behind the state administrators' definition of the funding needs of services, I attempt to shed light on a specific gendered reality that arises within public procurement of services.During the early stages of public procurement of services, state administrators gave a disproportionate weight to the price criterion in selecting a service deliverer among all bidders. Previous accounts of the process of contracting out showed that at this stage, state administrators failed to act as the 'smart client' in at least two ways: they were not using information accumulated about specific deliverers, and they allowed service deliverers to make demands for additional funding, framing these demands as unexpected costs (Grimshow and Hebson, 2005). After much criticism of state support for the cheapest bid, more elaborate systems of bidder selection were introduced based on the need to calculate the reasonable cost of a service. Such preliminary calculation enabled state administrators to set forth a threshold sum for the service and reinforced state's ability to argue that services procurement practices followed legal requirements with regard to services employment. In the process of setting forth a threshold sum, the state became a smarter client by reducing its exposure to financial pressures exerted by service deliverers. However, this administrative calculation becomes a key feature when analyzing polarization in contemporary care employment.Fine has recently (2014) articulated the basis of the polarization that occurs in caring occupations, emphasizing the differential institutional treatment of two categories of employees. He argues that contemporary operation of services offers reasonable employment rewards for those in 'core' skilled, professional and reasonably secure employment. But those considered 'peripheral' workers are forced to accept 'flexible' employment arrangements, as they are not in a strong position to negotiate with employers (p. 271). Fine's distinction in the area of caring employees suggests that in order to understand how time allocation is used institutionally and how it contributes to polarization, we need to examine two distinct approaches: that related to shaping conditions for those with relevant credentials (formally accredited social workers, nurses or teachers) and those who do not have them. In what follows I trace this distinction in the Israeli government's tender calls. In the remainder of this introduction, I define Deskilling and its related mechanisms, and then I introduce my theoretical framework.Skill Recognition vs. DeskillingThe earliest definitions of Deskilling referred to the introduction of technology into the workplace. …
Christian Gehrke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Skilling and Deskilling: technological change in classical economic theory and its empirical evidence
2018Co-Authors: Florian Brugger, Christian GehrkeAbstract:This article reviews and brings together two literatures: classical political economists’ views on the skilling or Deskilling nature of technological change in England, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries when they wrote, are compared with the empirical evidence about the skill effects of technological change that emerges from studies of economic historians. In both literatures, we look at both the skill impacts of technological change and at the “inducement mechanisms” that are envisaged for the introduction of new technologies. Adam Smith and Karl Marx both regarded the Deskilling of the labour force as the predominant form of biased technical change, but other authors such as Charles Babbage also took account of capital-skill complementarities and skill-enhancing effects of technological change. For Smith, the Deskilling bias was an unintended by-product of the increasing division of labour, which in his view “naturally” led to ever more simplification of workers’ tasks. As opposed to Smith, Marx considered unskilled-biased technical change as a bourgeois weapon in the class struggle for impairing the workers’ bargaining position. Studies of economic historians lend support to Marx’s hypothesis about the inducement mechanisms for the introduction of unskilled-biased innovations, but have produced no clear-cut empirical evidence for a Deskilling tendency of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century technological change as a whole. Industrialization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries rather led to labour polarization, by simultaneously Deskilling a large part of the workforce and raising the demand for some (but fewer) high-skilled workers.
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skilling and Deskilling technological change in classical economic theory and its empirical evidence
2017Co-Authors: Florian Brugger, Christian GehrkeAbstract:The paper provides a summary account of the views of the classical political economists on the effects of technical change on the demand for labour, and in particular for skilled versus unskilled labour. The views of the classical economic theorists, from Smith to Ricardo, Babbage, Ure and Marx, are then contrasted with the historical record of the bias of technical change with regard to de-qualifying and skill-enhancing tendencies in the 18th and 19th century that emerges from studies of economic historians. The paper shows that some of the classical economists made a serious effort to account for heterogeneous labour in a changing technical environment. While Smith and Marx envisaged the de-qualification of the workforce as the main characteristic of technological development and as a purposely intended consequence of the introduction of new technologies, other authors like Babbage also took into account capital - skilled labour complementarities and skill-enhancing effects of technological change. While for Smith the Deskilling bias is a by-product of progress, Marx and Ure regarded directed technological change as a bourgeois weapon in the class struggle for the reduction of the bargaining power of the proletariat. Economic historians found strong confirmation for Marx’s hypotheses that technical change was used as a weapon against the proletariat. But most empirical studies found no evidence for a Deskilling tendency of industrialization as a whole. According to those studies industrialization was accompanied by a polarization of labour. On the one hand, industrialization deskilled part of the labour force and on the other hand it sharply raised the demand for highly skilled workers.
