The Experts below are selected from a list of 843 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ramos, Renata Rendy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Administração prévia ou tardia de escopolamina em equinos sedados com detomidina
2012Co-Authors: Ramos, Renata RendyAbstract:A detomidina é um potente agonista α2-adrenérgico com efeitos sedativo, relaxante muscular e analgésico, contudo, induz hipertensão transitória seguida de hipotensão, bradicardia, redução do débito cardíaco e bloqueio atrioventricular. Na tentativa de amenizar estes efeitos adversos, os anticolinérgicos têm sido associados ao protocolo anestésico, pois tratam ou impedem o aparecimento de bradicardia e bradiarritmias, entretanto, em outros estudos realizados foi observado que os anticolinérgicos podem promover taquicardia e potencializar a fase hipertensiva dos agonistas α2-adrenérgicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a administração tardia da escopolamina, como tratamento da bradicardia induzida pela detomidina, exerce efeitos menos deletérios que sua aplicação prévia. Neste estudo, foram usados dez equinos adultos, com massa corpórea entre 350 e 500 kg, distribuídos em quatro grupos, os quais receberam, pela via intravenosa, escopolamina (0,2 mg/kg) seguida de detomidina (0,02 mg/kg), detomidina (0,02 mg/kg) seguida de escopolamina (0,2mg/kg), detomidina (0,02 mg/kg) ou escopolamina (0,2 mg/kg). As variáveis fisiológicas mensuradas foram: frequência e ritmo cardíacos, pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média, frequência respiratória, parâmetros hemogasométricos arteriais (PaO2, PaCO2, pH e HCO3), temperatura retal e motilidade intestinal. A escopolamina foi eficiente no tratamento e prevenção da bradicardia e do bloqueio atrioventricular induzidos pela detomidina, porém, a taquicardia e a hipertensão resultante da associação destes fármacos foram mais severas e prolongadas em comparação aos grupos em que os agentes não estavam associados. A associação de escopolamina e detomidina provocou um longo período de atonia ou hipomotilidade intestinal até o final da observação, enquanto que quando os fármacos foram administrados de forma isolada, foi notada hipomotilidade, contudo, com retorno aos valores basais no final do tempo de estudo. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTHyoscine is a potent α2-adrenergic agonist with sedative, muscle relaxant and analgesic effects; however, it induces a transient hypertension followed by hypotension, bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, and atrioventricular block. In an attempt to mitigate these adverse effects, anticholinergics have been used to treat or prevent the onset of bradycardia and bradyarrhythmias; nevertheless, some studies showed that anticholinergics caused tachycardia and potentiated the hypertensive phase of α2-adrenergic agonists. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether late administration of hyoscine, as a treatment of Detomidine induced bradycardia, has less deleterious effects that its previous application. In this study, ten adult horses, weighting 350 to 500 kg, were distributed in four groups that received, intravenously, hyoscine (0.2 mg/kg) followed by injection of Detomidine (0.02 mg/kg), Detomidine (0.02 mg/kg) followed by hyoscine (0.2 mg/kg), Detomidine (0.02 mg/kg) or hyoscine (0.2 mg/kg). The physiological variables measured were: heart rate and cardiac rhythm, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, respiratory rate, arterial blood gas parameters (PaO2, PaCO2, pH, and HCO3), rectal temperature, and intestinal motility. Hyoscine was effective in the treatment and prevention of bradycardia and atrioventricular block induced by Detomidine; however, tachycardia and hypertension resulting from combination were more severe and prolonged in comparison to groups in which the agents were not associated. The combination of hyoscine and Detomidine caused a prolonged period of intestinal atony or hypomotility; conversely, when the drugs were injected separately, intestinal motility returned to baseline at the end of the study period
-
Administração prévia ou tardia de escopolamina em equinos sedados com detomidina
2012Co-Authors: Ramos, Renata RendyAbstract:Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2012.A detomidina é um potente agonista α2-adrenérgico com efeitos sedativo, relaxante muscular e analgésico, contudo, induz hipertensão transitória seguida de hipotensão, bradicardia, redução do débito cardíaco e bloqueio atrioventricular. Na tentativa de amenizar estes efeitos adversos, os anticolinérgicos têm sido associados ao protocolo anestésico, pois tratam ou impedem o aparecimento de bradicardia e bradiarritmias, entretanto, em outros estudos realizados foi observado que os anticolinérgicos podem promover taquicardia e potencializar a fase hipertensiva dos agonistas α2-adrenérgicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a administração tardia da escopolamina, como tratamento da bradicardia induzida pela detomidina, exerce efeitos menos deletérios que sua aplicação prévia. Neste estudo, foram usados dez equinos adultos, com massa corpórea entre 350 e 500 kg, distribuídos em quatro grupos, os quais receberam, pela via intravenosa, escopolamina (0,2 mg/kg) seguida de detomidina (0,02 mg/kg), detomidina (0,02 mg/kg) seguida de escopolamina (0,2mg/kg), detomidina (0,02 mg/kg) ou escopolamina (0,2 mg/kg). As variáveis fisiológicas mensuradas foram: frequência e ritmo cardíacos, pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média, frequência respiratória, parâmetros hemogasométricos arteriais (PaO2, PaCO2, pH e HCO3), temperatura retal e motilidade intestinal. A escopolamina foi eficiente no tratamento e prevenção da bradicardia e do bloqueio atrioventricular induzidos pela detomidina, porém, a taquicardia e a hipertensão resultante da associação destes fármacos foram mais severas e prolongadas em comparação aos grupos em que os agentes não estavam associados. A associação de escopolamina e detomidina provocou um longo período de atonia ou hipomotilidade intestinal até o final da observação, enquanto que quando os fármacos foram administrados de forma isolada, foi notada hipomotilidade, contudo, com retorno aos valores basais no final do tempo de estudo. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTHyoscine is a potent α2-adrenergic agonist with sedative, muscle relaxant and analgesic effects; however, it induces a transient hypertension followed by hypotension, bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, and atrioventricular block. In an attempt to mitigate these adverse effects, anticholinergics have been used to treat or prevent the onset of bradycardia and bradyarrhythmias; nevertheless, some studies showed that anticholinergics caused tachycardia and potentiated the hypertensive phase of α2-adrenergic agonists. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether late administration of hyoscine, as a treatment of Detomidine induced bradycardia, has less deleterious effects that its previous application. In this study, ten adult horses, weighting 350 to 500 kg, were distributed in four groups that received, intravenously, hyoscine (0.2 mg/kg) followed by injection of Detomidine (0.02 mg/kg), Detomidine (0.02 mg/kg) followed by hyoscine (0.2 mg/kg), Detomidine (0.02 mg/kg) or hyoscine (0.2 mg/kg). The physiological variables measured were: heart rate and cardiac rhythm, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, respiratory rate, arterial blood gas parameters (PaO2, PaCO2, pH, and HCO3), rectal temperature, and intestinal motility. Hyoscine was effective in the treatment and prevention of bradycardia and atrioventricular block induced by Detomidine; however, tachycardia and hypertension resulting from combination were more severe and prolonged in comparison to groups in which the agents were not associated. The combination of hyoscine and Detomidine caused a prolonged period of intestinal atony or hypomotility; conversely, when the drugs were injected separately, intestinal motility returned to baseline at the end of the study period
William W. Muir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
antagonism of Detomidine sedation in the horse using intravenous tolazoline or atipamezole
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2010Co-Authors: Jeffrey A Hubbell, William W. MuirAbstract:Summary Reasons for performing study: The ability to shorten the duration of sedation would potentially improve safety and utility of Detomidine. Objectives: To determine the effects of tolazoline and atipamezole after Detomidine sedation. Hypothesis: Administration of tolazoline or atipamezole would not affect Detomidine sedation. Methods: In a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, descriptive study, Detomidine (0.02 mg/kg bwt i.v.) was administered to 6 mature horses on 4 separate occasions. Twenty-five mins later, each horse received one of 4 treatments: Group 1 saline (0.9% i.v.) as a placebo control; Group 2 atipamezole (0.05 mg/kg bwt i.v.); Group 3 atipamezole (0.1 mg/kg bwt i.v.); and Group 4 tolazoline (4.0 mg/kg bwt i.v.). Sedation, muscle relaxation and ataxia were scored by 3 independent observers at 9 time points. Horses were led through an obstacle course at 7 time points. Course completion time was recorded and the ability of the horse to traverse the course was scored by 3 independent observers. Horses were videotaped before, during and after each trip through the obstacle course. Results: Atipamezole and tolazoline administration incompletely antagonised the effects of Detomidine, but the time course to recovery was shortened. Conclusions and potential relevance: Single bolus administration of atipamezole or tolazoline produced partial reversal of Detomidine sedation and may be useful for minimising Detomidine sedation.
-
Cardiovascular Effects of MeDetomidine, Detomidine and Xylazine in Horses
The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2000Co-Authors: Kazuto Yamashita, Sae Tsubakishita, Sumiyo Futaoka, Ikue Ueda, Hideya Hamaguchi, Takahiro Seno, Sumie Katoh, Yasuharu Izumisawa, Tadao Kotani, William W. MuirAbstract:The cardiovascular effects of meDetomidine, Detomidine, and xylazine in horses were studied. Fifteen horses, whose right carotid arteries had previously been surgically raised to a subcutaneous position during general anesthesia were used. Five horses each were given the following 8 treatments: an intravenous injection of 4 doses of meDetomidine (3, 5, 7.5, and 10 microg/kg), 3 doses of Detomidine (10, 20, and 40 microg/kg), and one dose of xylazine (1 mg/kg). Heart rate decreased, but not statistically significant. Atrio-ventricular block was observed following all treatments and prolonged with Detomidine. Cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume (SV) were decreased with all treatments. The CI decreased to about 50% of baseline values for 5 min after 7.5 and 10 microg/kg meDetomidine and 1 mg/kg xylazine, for 20 min after 20 microg/kg Detomidine, and for 50 min after 40 microg/kg Detomidine. All treatments produced an initial hypertension within 2 min of drug administration followed by a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure (ABP) in horses administered 3 to 7.5 microg/kg meDetomidine and 1 mg/kg xylazine. Hypertension was significantly prolonged in 20 and 40 microg/kg Detomidine. The hypotensive phase was not observed in 10 microg/kg meDetomidine or Detomidine. The changes in ABP were associated with an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. Respiratory rate was decreased for 40 to 120 min in 5, 7.5, and 10 microg/kg meDetomidine and Detomidine. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen decreased significantly in 10 microg/kg meDetomidine and Detomidine, while the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide did not change significantly. MeDetomidine induced dose-dependent cardiovascular depression similar to Detomidine. The cardiovascular effects of meDetomidine and xylazine were not as prolonged as that of Detomidine.
-
Effects of diazepam, acepromazine, Detomidine, and xylazine on thiamylal anesthesia in horses.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1993Co-Authors: William W. Muir, D. E. MasonAbstract:The cardiorespiratory effects of thiamylal (10 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and the effects of preanesthetic medication with diazepam, acepromazine, Detomidine, or xylazine administered prior to a thiamylal dosage of 6 mg/kg, IV, were evaluated in 6 adult horses. The quality of recovery from thiamylal anesthesia also was evaluated. Intravenous administration of thiamylal at a dosage of 10 mg/kg increased heart rate, systemic arterial, pulmonary artery, and central venous blood pressures, as well as cardiac output and arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2). The maximal rate of right ventricular pressure increase (RVdP/dtmax), respiratory rate, and arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) decreased, whereas arterial pH and systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged. Preanesthetic medication with diazepam prior to IV administration of thiamylal (6 mg/kg) did not change the pattern of this response, but diazepam did increase heart rate, cardiac output, and respiratory rate during the recovery period. Administration of acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg, IV) prior to administration of thiamylal increased heart rate and decreased systemic arterial and central venous blood pressures and systemic vascular resistance. Detomidine (10 micrograms/kg, IV), administered prior to thiamylal, decreased heart rate, cardiac output, and respiratory rate, and increased right atrial blood pressure. Administration of xylazine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, IV) prior to thiamylal induced effects qualitatively similar to Detomidine. Thiamylal decreased RVdP/dtmax and PaO2 in horses that received diazepam, acepromazine, Detomidine, or xylazine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gasthuys Frank - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Clinical applicability of Detomidine and methadone constant rate infusions for surgery in standing horses
'Elsevier BV', 2019Co-Authors: Gozalo-marcilla Miguel, Gasthuys Frank, Stelio Pl Luna, Pollaris Elke, Vlaminck Lieven, Martens Ann, Haspeslagh Maarten, Schauvliege StijnAbstract:Objective: To determine the required rate of a Detomidine infusion (loading dose 5 mg kg(-1); initial rate 12.5 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) added to a constant infusion of methadone (0.2 mg kg(-1); 0.05 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) for sedation in standing horses and ponies undergoing elective surgeries with appropriate local anaesthetic techniques. Study design: Prospective, clinical study. Animals: Adult, healthy, client-owned, non-food-producing horses or ponies sedated for elective standing surgeries longer than 45 minutes. Methods: At baseline (in the stables before administration of sedative agents), at 10 minutes after sedation and every 5 minutes thereafter, ataxia, sedation and surgical condition were evaluated; each scored 0-3. These scores were used to adjust the Detomidine administration rate using the Ghent Sedation Algorithm. A 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) was used by the main surgeon at the end of the procedure to evaluate the surgical conditions. Heart rate, systolic arterial pressure and respiratory frequency were also recorded at each time point. For statistical analysis, ANOVA for normal, Kruskal-Wallis H-test for non-normal variables, and Mann-Whitney U test for VAS were used. Results: From the 42 horses/ponies included in this study, 28 underwent dental procedures and 14 other types of procedures. Overall, dental procedures required higher mean Detomidine rates compared with other types of surgeries (16.9 +/- 4.5 versus 9.0 +/- 1.9 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) (p < 0.001). Dental procedures were assigned similar VAS scores, median (range), of 7.8 (5.8-10) with other procedures, 8.7 (2.8-10). Cardiovascular changes were not clinically significant. No signs or behavioural changes of abdominal pain were observed postoperatively. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Satisfactory surgical conditions were achieved using a combination of Detomidine and methadone infusions with locoregional anaesthesia, with no adverse effects. Dental procedures required higher Detomidine dose rates compared with other surgeries
-
Detomidine and butorphanol for standing sedation in a range of zoo-kept ungulate species
'American Association of Zoo Veterinarians', 2017Co-Authors: Bouts Tim, Dodds Joanne, Berry Karla, Arif Abdi, Taylor Polly, Routh Andrew, Gasthuys FrankAbstract:General anesthesia poses risks for larger zoo species, like cardiorespiratory depression, myopathy, and hyperthermia. In ruminants, ruminal bloat and regurgitation of rumen contents with potential aspiration pneumonia are added risks. Thus, the use of sedation to perform minor procedures is justified in zoo animals. A combination of Detomidine and butorphanol has been routinely used in domestic animals. This drug combination, administered by remote intramuscular injection, can also be applied for standing sedation in a range of zoo animals, allowing a number of minor procedures. The combination was successfully administered in five species of nondomesticated equids (Przewalski horse [Equus ferus przewalskii; n = 1], onager [Equus hemionus onager; n = 4], kiang [Equus kiang; n = 3], Grevy's zebra [Equus grevyi; n = 4], and Somali wild ass [Equus africanus somaliensis; n = 7]), with a mean dose range of 0.10-0.17 mg/kg Detomidine and 0.07-0.13 mg/kg butorphanol; the white (Ceratotherium simum simum; n = 12) and greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis; n = 4), with a mean dose of 0.015 mg/kg of both Detomidine and butorphanol; and Asiatic elephant bulls (Elephas maximus; n = 2), with a mean dose of 0.018 mg/kg of both Detomidine and butorphanol. In addition, the combination was successfully used for standing sedation in six species of artiodactylids: giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata; n = 3), western bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus; n = 2), wisent (Bison bonasus; n = 5), yak (Bos grunniens; n = 1), water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis; n = 4) and Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus; n = 5). The mean dose range for artiodactylid species except bongo was 0.04-0.06 mg/kg Detomidine and 0.03-0.06 mg/kg butorphanol. The dose in bongo, 0.15-0.20 mg/kg Detomidine and 0.13-0.15 mg/kg butorphanol, was considerably higher. Times to first effect, approach, and recovery after antidote were short. The use of Detomidine and butorphanol has been demonstrated to be a reliable, safe alternative to general anesthesia for a number of large ungulate species
-
Chemical immobilization of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using a combination of Detomidine and ketamine
'Wiley', 2012Co-Authors: Melis Sanne, Schauvliege Stijn, Van Bolhuis Hester, Hoyer Mark, Gasthuys FrankAbstract:Objective : To determine if a combination of Detomidine and ketamine can be used for effective chemical immobilization of chimpanzees. Study design Observational study. Animals Twenty-one adult captive chimpanzees (12 males, nine females), age 846 years, weighing 40.468.4 kg. Methods : The chimpanzees were immobilized with intramuscular (IM) Detomidine and ketamine by a darting system. Based on estimated weights, doses administered were 50 mu g kg-1 Detomidine and 4 mg kg-1 ketamine in groups 1 and 2, and 60 mu g kg-1 and 5 mg kg-1 respectively in group 3. Eight minutes in group 1 and 15 minutes in groups 2 and 3 were allowed from the time of apparent immobilization before removing the animals from their enclosures. Body temperature, arterial haemoglobin saturation and pulse rate were measured. The time from injection to induction (recumbency and absence of voluntary movement), total anaesthetic and recovery times (with or without atipamezole) were recorded. Results : Immobilization occurred within 5 minutes after darting in most animals. Early handling of the chimpanzees often resulted in arousal and required further doses of ketamine IM. Most animals were hypoxaemic and hypothermic. Occasionally, bradycardia was observed. Atipamezole resulted in an acceptable quality of recovery 10 minutes after IM injection. The duration of immobilization varied widely when no antagonist was administered. Conclusions and clinical relevance : The combination Detomidine (60 mu g kg-1) and ketamine (56 mg kg-1) can be used for the immobilization of chimpanzees for non- to minimally invasive procedures. A period of 15 minutes should be allowed before handling to avoid unwanted arousal. Oxygen administration is recommended to reduce hypoxaemia. Administration of atipamezole is justified to hasten recovery
-
Effects of a constant rate infusion of Detomidine on cardiovascular function, isoflurane requirements and recovery quality in horses
'Wiley', 2011Co-Authors: Schauvliege Stijn, Gozalo-marcilla Miguel, Verryken Kirsten, Duchateau Luc, Devisscher Lindsey, Gasthuys FrankAbstract:Objective To examine the influence of a Detomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) on cardiovascular function, isoflurane requirements and recovery quality in horses undergoing elective surgery. Study design Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial. Animals Twenty adult healthy horses. Methods After sedation (Detomidine, 10 mu g kg(-1) intravenously [IV]) and induction of anaesthesia (midazolam 0.06 mg kg(-1), ketamine 2.2 mg kg(-1) IV), anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen/air (inspiratory oxygen fraction 55%). When indicated, the lungs were mechanically ventilated. Dobutamine was administered when MAP < 70 mmHg. The horses were randomly allocated to one of two groups and throughout anaesthesia, received either a Detomidine (5 mu g kg(-1) hour(-1)) (D) or saline (S) CRI, with the anaesthetist unaware of the treatment. Monitoring included end-tidal isoflurane concentration, arterial pH, PaCO(2), PaO(2), dobutamine administration rate, heart rate (HR), arterial pressure, cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), stroke index and oxygen delivery index ((D) over dotO(2)I). For recovery from anaesthesia, all horses received 2.5 mu g kg(-1) Detomidine IV. Recovery quality and duration were recorded in each horse. For statistical analysis, ANOVA, Pearson chi-square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used as relevant. Results Heart rate (p = 0.0176) and (D) over dotO(2)I (p = 0.0084) were lower and SVR higher (p = 0.0126) in group D, compared to group S. Heart rate (p = 0.0011) and pH (p = 0.0187) increased over time. Significant differences in isoflurane requirements were not detected. Recovery quality and duration were comparable between treatments. Conclusions and clinical relevance A Detomidine CRI produced cardiovascular effects typical for alpha(2)-agonists, without affecting isoflurane requirements, recovery duration or recovery quality
Schauvliege Stijn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Clinical applicability of Detomidine and methadone constant rate infusions for surgery in standing horses
'Elsevier BV', 2019Co-Authors: Gozalo-marcilla Miguel, Gasthuys Frank, Stelio Pl Luna, Pollaris Elke, Vlaminck Lieven, Martens Ann, Haspeslagh Maarten, Schauvliege StijnAbstract:Objective: To determine the required rate of a Detomidine infusion (loading dose 5 mg kg(-1); initial rate 12.5 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) added to a constant infusion of methadone (0.2 mg kg(-1); 0.05 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) for sedation in standing horses and ponies undergoing elective surgeries with appropriate local anaesthetic techniques. Study design: Prospective, clinical study. Animals: Adult, healthy, client-owned, non-food-producing horses or ponies sedated for elective standing surgeries longer than 45 minutes. Methods: At baseline (in the stables before administration of sedative agents), at 10 minutes after sedation and every 5 minutes thereafter, ataxia, sedation and surgical condition were evaluated; each scored 0-3. These scores were used to adjust the Detomidine administration rate using the Ghent Sedation Algorithm. A 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) was used by the main surgeon at the end of the procedure to evaluate the surgical conditions. Heart rate, systolic arterial pressure and respiratory frequency were also recorded at each time point. For statistical analysis, ANOVA for normal, Kruskal-Wallis H-test for non-normal variables, and Mann-Whitney U test for VAS were used. Results: From the 42 horses/ponies included in this study, 28 underwent dental procedures and 14 other types of procedures. Overall, dental procedures required higher mean Detomidine rates compared with other types of surgeries (16.9 +/- 4.5 versus 9.0 +/- 1.9 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) (p < 0.001). Dental procedures were assigned similar VAS scores, median (range), of 7.8 (5.8-10) with other procedures, 8.7 (2.8-10). Cardiovascular changes were not clinically significant. No signs or behavioural changes of abdominal pain were observed postoperatively. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Satisfactory surgical conditions were achieved using a combination of Detomidine and methadone infusions with locoregional anaesthesia, with no adverse effects. Dental procedures required higher Detomidine dose rates compared with other surgeries
-
Chemical immobilization of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using a combination of Detomidine and ketamine
'Wiley', 2012Co-Authors: Melis Sanne, Schauvliege Stijn, Van Bolhuis Hester, Hoyer Mark, Gasthuys FrankAbstract:Objective : To determine if a combination of Detomidine and ketamine can be used for effective chemical immobilization of chimpanzees. Study design Observational study. Animals Twenty-one adult captive chimpanzees (12 males, nine females), age 846 years, weighing 40.468.4 kg. Methods : The chimpanzees were immobilized with intramuscular (IM) Detomidine and ketamine by a darting system. Based on estimated weights, doses administered were 50 mu g kg-1 Detomidine and 4 mg kg-1 ketamine in groups 1 and 2, and 60 mu g kg-1 and 5 mg kg-1 respectively in group 3. Eight minutes in group 1 and 15 minutes in groups 2 and 3 were allowed from the time of apparent immobilization before removing the animals from their enclosures. Body temperature, arterial haemoglobin saturation and pulse rate were measured. The time from injection to induction (recumbency and absence of voluntary movement), total anaesthetic and recovery times (with or without atipamezole) were recorded. Results : Immobilization occurred within 5 minutes after darting in most animals. Early handling of the chimpanzees often resulted in arousal and required further doses of ketamine IM. Most animals were hypoxaemic and hypothermic. Occasionally, bradycardia was observed. Atipamezole resulted in an acceptable quality of recovery 10 minutes after IM injection. The duration of immobilization varied widely when no antagonist was administered. Conclusions and clinical relevance : The combination Detomidine (60 mu g kg-1) and ketamine (56 mg kg-1) can be used for the immobilization of chimpanzees for non- to minimally invasive procedures. A period of 15 minutes should be allowed before handling to avoid unwanted arousal. Oxygen administration is recommended to reduce hypoxaemia. Administration of atipamezole is justified to hasten recovery
-
Effects of a constant rate infusion of Detomidine on cardiovascular function, isoflurane requirements and recovery quality in horses
'Wiley', 2011Co-Authors: Schauvliege Stijn, Gozalo-marcilla Miguel, Verryken Kirsten, Duchateau Luc, Devisscher Lindsey, Gasthuys FrankAbstract:Objective To examine the influence of a Detomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) on cardiovascular function, isoflurane requirements and recovery quality in horses undergoing elective surgery. Study design Prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial. Animals Twenty adult healthy horses. Methods After sedation (Detomidine, 10 mu g kg(-1) intravenously [IV]) and induction of anaesthesia (midazolam 0.06 mg kg(-1), ketamine 2.2 mg kg(-1) IV), anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen/air (inspiratory oxygen fraction 55%). When indicated, the lungs were mechanically ventilated. Dobutamine was administered when MAP < 70 mmHg. The horses were randomly allocated to one of two groups and throughout anaesthesia, received either a Detomidine (5 mu g kg(-1) hour(-1)) (D) or saline (S) CRI, with the anaesthetist unaware of the treatment. Monitoring included end-tidal isoflurane concentration, arterial pH, PaCO(2), PaO(2), dobutamine administration rate, heart rate (HR), arterial pressure, cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), stroke index and oxygen delivery index ((D) over dotO(2)I). For recovery from anaesthesia, all horses received 2.5 mu g kg(-1) Detomidine IV. Recovery quality and duration were recorded in each horse. For statistical analysis, ANOVA, Pearson chi-square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used as relevant. Results Heart rate (p = 0.0176) and (D) over dotO(2)I (p = 0.0084) were lower and SVR higher (p = 0.0126) in group D, compared to group S. Heart rate (p = 0.0011) and pH (p = 0.0187) increased over time. Significant differences in isoflurane requirements were not detected. Recovery quality and duration were comparable between treatments. Conclusions and clinical relevance A Detomidine CRI produced cardiovascular effects typical for alpha(2)-agonists, without affecting isoflurane requirements, recovery duration or recovery quality
Pietro Laricchiuta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
immobilization of captive tigers panthera tigris with a combination of tiletamine zolazepam and Detomidine
Zoo Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Pietro Laricchiuta, Marco Campolo, V Monte, Antonio Crovace, Frank Grano, Francesco StaffieriAbstract:The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of the administration of a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam and Detomidine (TZD) in 9 tigers (Panthera tigris). Nine captive tigers were immobilized with tiletamine-zolazepam and Detomidine administered intramuscularly. At the end of the procedure immobilization was partially reversed with atipamezole. Lateral recumbency was achieved in 15.6 ± 5.9 min. The median induction score [scored 1 (excellent) to 4 (poor)] was 1. The immobilization score [scored 1 (poor) to 6 (too deep)] was 5 (4–5) at all study times. After atipamezole administration, all tigers experienced severe ataxia and incoordination. Median recovery score [scored 1 (excellent) to 4 (poor)] was 2.5 (range 2–3). No neurologic and/or important adverse reactions were noticed within 5 days after recovery. The combination tiletamine-zolazepam with Detomidine proved to be effective in immobilizing captive healthy tigers but it maybe associated with hypertension and ataxia during recovery. Zoo Biol. 34:40–45, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
-
evaluation of a butorphanol Detomidine and midazolam combination for immobilization of captive nile lechwe antelopes kobus magaceros
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Pietro Laricchiuta, Marco Campolo, Antonio Crovace, Frank Grano, Valentina De Monte, Fabrizio Iarussi, Francesco StaffieriAbstract:Field immobilization of captive antelope may be required for medical examination, blood sample collection, and animal identification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of butorphanol, Detomidine, and midazolam (BDM) and its partial reversibility in Nile lechwe antelope (Kobus megaceros). Nine captive lechwes, weighing 28–64 kg, were immobilized, in February 2011, with butorphanol 0.20±0.05 (mean±SD) mg/kg, Detomidine 0.20±0.05 mg/kg, and midazolam 0.31±0.08 mg/kg administered intramuscularly (IM) with a blowpipe. Physiologic parameters and depth of anesthesia were recorded when the animals became recumbent at 19.55±8.36 min after darting (T0) and after 10 (T10), 20 (T20), and 30 (T30) min. An arterial blood sample was collected at T20. At the end of the procedures, immobilization was partially reversed with atipamezole 0.25 mg/kg IM. Quality of induction, immobilization, and recovery was scored. The BDM combination induced immobilization and lateral recumbency in 13.44±5.6...
-
reversible immobilization of asiatic black bear ursus thibetanus with Detomidine tiletamine zolazepam and atipamezole
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Pietro Laricchiuta, Marco Campolo, Donatella Gelli, Maria Pia MarinelliAbstract:Abstract Chemical immobilization of free-ranging and captive wildlife is often required in many clinical situations. In this trial, tiletamine-zolazepam was combined with the α2-agonist, Detomidine, in order to use the least amount of anesthetic drug possible to achieve a rapid immobilization; to ensure safety for animals and operators; and to be easily reversible with specific antagonists for a fast recovery. Twelve captive Asiatic black bears were anesthetized for clinical procedures, including clinical examination and blood sample collection, and for electrocardiographic and echocardiographic procedures. The combination Detomidine-tiletamine-zolazepam, at the dosages of 0.03 mg/kg for Detomidine and 1.5 mg/kg for tiletamine-zolazepam, proved to be reliable and effective in immobilizing Asiatic black bears for a 1-hr handling period for routine clinical procedures. Minimal or no respiratory and/or cardiopulmonary adverse side effects were observed, even with dosages calculated on the basis of an estimat...