The Experts below are selected from a list of 156 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fidele Bakiono - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in knowledge of hiv status and efficiency of hiv testing services in sub saharan africa 2000 20 a modelling study using survey and hiv testing programme data
The Lancet HIV, 2021Co-Authors: Katia Giguere, Jeffrey W Eaton, Kimberly Marsh, Leigh F Johnson, Cheryl C Johnson, Eboi Ehui, Andreas Jahn, Ian Wanyeki, Francisco Mbofana, Fidele BakionoAbstract:Summary Background Monitoring knowledge of HIV status among people living with HIV is essential for an effective national HIV response. This study estimates progress and gaps in reaching the UNAIDS 2020 target of 90% knowledge of status, and the efficiency of HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa, where two thirds of all people living with HIV reside. Methods For this modelling study, we used data from 183 population-based surveys (including more than 2·7 million participants) and national HIV testing programme reports (315 country-years) from 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa as inputs into a mathematical model to examine trends in knowledge of status among people living with HIV, median time from HIV infection to diagnosis, HIV testing positivity, and proportion of new diagnoses among all positive tests, adjusting for retesting. We included data from 2000 to 2019, and projected results to 2020. Findings Across sub-Saharan Africa, knowledge of status steadily increased from 5·7% (95% credible interval [CrI] 4·6–7·0) in 2000 to 84% (82–86) in 2020. 12 countries and one region, southern Africa, reached the 90% target. In 2020, knowledge of status was lower among men (79%, 95% CrI 76–81) than women (87%, 85–89) across sub-Saharan Africa. People living with HIV aged 15–24 years were the least likely to know their status (65%, 62–69), but the largest gap in terms of absolute numbers was among men aged 35–49 years, with 701 000 (95% CrI 611 000–788 000) remaining undiagnosed. As knowledge of status increased from 2000 to 2020, the median time to diagnosis decreased from 9·6 years (9·1–10) to 2·6 years (1·8–3·5), HIV testing positivity declined from 9·0% (7·7–10) to 2·8% (2·1–3·9), and the proportion of first-time diagnoses among all positive tests dropped from 89% (77–96) to 42% (30–55). Interpretation On the path towards the next UNAIDS target of 95% Diagnostic Coverage by 2025, and in a context of declining positivity and yield of first-time diagnoses, disparities in knowledge of status must be addressed. Increasing knowledge of status and treatment Coverage among older men could be crucial to reducing HIV incidence among women in sub-Saharan Africa, and by extension, reducing mother-to-child transmission. Funding Steinberg Fund for Interdisciplinary Global Health Research (McGill University); Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Fonds the recherche du Quebec—Sante; UNAIDS; UK Medical Research Council; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office.
Paul Cairns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tumor cell specific brca1 and rassf1a hypermethylation in serum plasma and peritoneal fluid from ovarian cancer patients
Cancer Research, 2004Co-Authors: Inmaculada Ibanez De Caceres, Cristina Battagli, Essel Dulaimi, Manel Esteller, James G Herman, Mitchell I Edelson, Cynthia Bergman, Hormoz Ehya, Burton L Eisenberg, Paul CairnsAbstract:Because existing surgical and management methods can consistently cure only early-stage ovarian cancer, novel strategies for early detection are required. Silencing of tumor suppressor genes such as p16INK4a, VHL, and hMLH1 have established promoter hypermethylation as a common mechanism for tumor suppressor inactivation in human cancer and as a promising target for molecular detection in bodily fluids. Using sensitive methylation-specific PCR, we screened matched tumor, preoperative serum or plasma, and peritoneal fluid (washes or ascites) DNA obtained from 50 patients with ovarian or primary peritoneal tumors for hypermethylation status of the normally unmethylated BRCA1 and RAS association domain family protein 1A tumor suppressor genes. Hypermethylation of one or both genes was found in 34 tumor DNA (68%). Additional examination of one or more of the adenomatous polyposis coli, p14ARF, p16INK4a, or death associated protein-kinase tumor suppressor genes revealed hypermethylation in each of the remaining 16 tumor DNA, which extended Diagnostic Coverage to 100%. Hypermethylation was observed in all histologic cell types, grades, and stages of ovarian tumor examined. An identical pattern of gene hypermethylation was found in the matched serum DNA from 41 of 50 patients (82% sensitivity), including 13 of 17 cases of stage I disease. Hypermethylation was detected in 28 of 30 peritoneal fluid DNA from stage IC-IV patients, including 3 cases with negative or atypical cytology. In contrast, no hypermethylation was observed in nonneoplastic tissue, peritoneal fluid, or serum from 40 control women (100% specificity). We conclude that promoter hypermethylation is a common and relatively early event in ovarian tumorigenesis that can be detected in the serum DNA from patients with ovary-confined (stage IA or B) tumors and in cytologically negative peritoneal fluid. Analysis of tumor-specific hypermethylation in serum DNA may enhance early detection of ovarian cancer.
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promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in urine from kidney cancer patients
Cancer Research, 2003Co-Authors: Cristina Battagli, Robert G Uzzo, Essel Dulaimi, Inmaculada Ibanez De Caceres, Rachel Krassenstein, Tahseen Alsaleem, Richard E Greenberg, Paul CairnsAbstract:Kidney cancer confined by the renal capsule can be surgically cured in the majority of cases, whereas the prognosis for patients with advanced disease at presentation remains poor. Novel strategies for early detection are therefore needed. Molecular DNA-based tests have successfully used the genetic alterations that initiate and drive tumorigenesis as targets for the early detection of several types of cancer in bodily fluids, including urine. Using sensitive methylation-specific PCR, we screened matched tumor DNA and sediment DNA from preoperative urine specimens obtained in 50 patients with kidney tumors, representing all major histological types, for hypermethylation status of a panel of six normally unmethylated tumor suppressor genes VHL, p16/CDKN2a, p14ARF, APC, RASSF1A, and Timp-3. Hypermethylation of at least one gene was found in all 50 tumor DNAs (100% Diagnostic Coverage) and an identical pattern of gene hypermethylation found in the matched urine DNA from 44 of 50 patients (88% sensitivity), including 27/30 cases of stage I disease. In contrast, hypermethylation of the genes in the panel was not observed in normal kidney tissue or in urine from normal healthy individuals and patients with benign kidney disease (100% specificity). Hypermethylation of VHL was found only in clear cell, whereas hypermethylation of p14ARF, APC, or RASSF1A was more frequent in nonclear cell tumors, which suggested that the panel might facilitate differential diagnosis. We conclude that promoter hypermethylation is a common and early event in kidney tumorigenesis and can be detected in the urine DNA from patients with organ-confined renal cancers of all histological types. Methylation-specific PCR may enhance early detection of renal cancer using a noninvasive urine test.
Katia Giguere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in knowledge of hiv status and efficiency of hiv testing services in sub saharan africa 2000 20 a modelling study using survey and hiv testing programme data
The Lancet HIV, 2021Co-Authors: Katia Giguere, Jeffrey W Eaton, Kimberly Marsh, Leigh F Johnson, Cheryl C Johnson, Eboi Ehui, Andreas Jahn, Ian Wanyeki, Francisco Mbofana, Fidele BakionoAbstract:Summary Background Monitoring knowledge of HIV status among people living with HIV is essential for an effective national HIV response. This study estimates progress and gaps in reaching the UNAIDS 2020 target of 90% knowledge of status, and the efficiency of HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa, where two thirds of all people living with HIV reside. Methods For this modelling study, we used data from 183 population-based surveys (including more than 2·7 million participants) and national HIV testing programme reports (315 country-years) from 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa as inputs into a mathematical model to examine trends in knowledge of status among people living with HIV, median time from HIV infection to diagnosis, HIV testing positivity, and proportion of new diagnoses among all positive tests, adjusting for retesting. We included data from 2000 to 2019, and projected results to 2020. Findings Across sub-Saharan Africa, knowledge of status steadily increased from 5·7% (95% credible interval [CrI] 4·6–7·0) in 2000 to 84% (82–86) in 2020. 12 countries and one region, southern Africa, reached the 90% target. In 2020, knowledge of status was lower among men (79%, 95% CrI 76–81) than women (87%, 85–89) across sub-Saharan Africa. People living with HIV aged 15–24 years were the least likely to know their status (65%, 62–69), but the largest gap in terms of absolute numbers was among men aged 35–49 years, with 701 000 (95% CrI 611 000–788 000) remaining undiagnosed. As knowledge of status increased from 2000 to 2020, the median time to diagnosis decreased from 9·6 years (9·1–10) to 2·6 years (1·8–3·5), HIV testing positivity declined from 9·0% (7·7–10) to 2·8% (2·1–3·9), and the proportion of first-time diagnoses among all positive tests dropped from 89% (77–96) to 42% (30–55). Interpretation On the path towards the next UNAIDS target of 95% Diagnostic Coverage by 2025, and in a context of declining positivity and yield of first-time diagnoses, disparities in knowledge of status must be addressed. Increasing knowledge of status and treatment Coverage among older men could be crucial to reducing HIV incidence among women in sub-Saharan Africa, and by extension, reducing mother-to-child transmission. Funding Steinberg Fund for Interdisciplinary Global Health Research (McGill University); Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Fonds the recherche du Quebec—Sante; UNAIDS; UK Medical Research Council; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office.
Eduardo Augusto Bezerra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enabling iso 26262 compliance with accelerated Diagnostic Coverage assessment
Electronics, 2020Co-Authors: Frederico Ferlini, Laio Oriel Seman, Eduardo Augusto BezerraAbstract:Modern vehicles are integrating a growing number of electronics to provide a safer experience for the driver. Therefore, safety is a non-negotiable requirement that must be considered through the vehicle development process. The ISO 26262 standard provides guidance to ensure that such requirements are implemented. Fault injection is highly recommended for the functional verification of safety mechanisms or to evaluate their Diagnostic Coverage capability. An exhaustive analysis is not required, but evidence of best effort through the Diagnostic Coverage assessment needs to be provided when performing quantitative evaluation of hardware architectural metrics. These metrics support that the automotive safety integrity level—ranging from A (lowest) to D (strictest) levels—was obeyed. In this context, this paper proposed a verification solution in order to build an approach that can accelerate the Diagnostic Coverage assessment via fault injection in the semiconductor level (i.e., hardware description language). The proposed solution does not require any modification of the design model to enable acceleration. Small parts of the OpenRISC architecture (namely a carry adder, the Tick Timer peripheral, and the exception block) were used to illustrate the methodology.
Ian Wanyeki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in knowledge of hiv status and efficiency of hiv testing services in sub saharan africa 2000 20 a modelling study using survey and hiv testing programme data
The Lancet HIV, 2021Co-Authors: Katia Giguere, Jeffrey W Eaton, Kimberly Marsh, Leigh F Johnson, Cheryl C Johnson, Eboi Ehui, Andreas Jahn, Ian Wanyeki, Francisco Mbofana, Fidele BakionoAbstract:Summary Background Monitoring knowledge of HIV status among people living with HIV is essential for an effective national HIV response. This study estimates progress and gaps in reaching the UNAIDS 2020 target of 90% knowledge of status, and the efficiency of HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa, where two thirds of all people living with HIV reside. Methods For this modelling study, we used data from 183 population-based surveys (including more than 2·7 million participants) and national HIV testing programme reports (315 country-years) from 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa as inputs into a mathematical model to examine trends in knowledge of status among people living with HIV, median time from HIV infection to diagnosis, HIV testing positivity, and proportion of new diagnoses among all positive tests, adjusting for retesting. We included data from 2000 to 2019, and projected results to 2020. Findings Across sub-Saharan Africa, knowledge of status steadily increased from 5·7% (95% credible interval [CrI] 4·6–7·0) in 2000 to 84% (82–86) in 2020. 12 countries and one region, southern Africa, reached the 90% target. In 2020, knowledge of status was lower among men (79%, 95% CrI 76–81) than women (87%, 85–89) across sub-Saharan Africa. People living with HIV aged 15–24 years were the least likely to know their status (65%, 62–69), but the largest gap in terms of absolute numbers was among men aged 35–49 years, with 701 000 (95% CrI 611 000–788 000) remaining undiagnosed. As knowledge of status increased from 2000 to 2020, the median time to diagnosis decreased from 9·6 years (9·1–10) to 2·6 years (1·8–3·5), HIV testing positivity declined from 9·0% (7·7–10) to 2·8% (2·1–3·9), and the proportion of first-time diagnoses among all positive tests dropped from 89% (77–96) to 42% (30–55). Interpretation On the path towards the next UNAIDS target of 95% Diagnostic Coverage by 2025, and in a context of declining positivity and yield of first-time diagnoses, disparities in knowledge of status must be addressed. Increasing knowledge of status and treatment Coverage among older men could be crucial to reducing HIV incidence among women in sub-Saharan Africa, and by extension, reducing mother-to-child transmission. Funding Steinberg Fund for Interdisciplinary Global Health Research (McGill University); Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Fonds the recherche du Quebec—Sante; UNAIDS; UK Medical Research Council; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office.