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David R Holmes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a randomized comparison of the nephrotoxicity of iopamidol and Diatrizoate in high risk patients undergoing cardiac angiography
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1991Co-Authors: Charles P Taliercio, Ronald E Vlietstra, Duane M Ilstrup, John C Burnett, Kris K Menke, Shauna L Stensrud, David R HolmesAbstract:Three hundred seven high risk patients with renal impairment (serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dl) were randomized in a double-blind manner to either iopamidol (a nonionic, low osmolar radiocontrast agent) or Diatrizoate (a conventional radiocontrast agent) at cardiac angiography with subsequent follow-up study of renal function. Baseline clinical and angiographic variables were similar in the iopamidol (n = 155) and Diatrizoate (n = 152) groups. Change in renal function after angiography was less pronounced with iopamidol compared with Diatrizoate as measured by mean (± SD) increase in 24 h serum creatinine (0.11 ± 0.2 versus 0.22 ± 0.26 mg/dl, p 0.5 mg/dl (8% versus 19%, p It is concluded that iopamidol is less nephrotoxic than Diatrizoate in high risk patients at cardiac angiography. However, the difference in nephrotoxicity is small, of no major clinical significance in the majority of high risk patients and could not be documented in insulin-using diabetic patients. Iopamidol may be the preferred agent in certain patients with advanced renal impairment, but further study is warranted.
Werner Krause - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new animal model for testing renal tolerance of contrast agents.
Investigative Radiology, 2003Co-Authors: Werner Krause, Thomas GillesAbstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To develop a new animal model for the evaluation of the renal tolerance of contrast agent and its application to Diatrizoate and iotrolan injections in comparison to saline and mannitol solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The nephrotoxic potential of intravenously injected contrast agents in Beagle dogs was determined from the effects on the pharmacokinetics of creatinine injected immediately after these agents in comparison with the kinetics of creatinine injected alone. The kinetic parameters evaluated included plasma half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance. In a series of studies, the experimental conditions were optimized in terms of creatinine dose and the effects of Diatrizoate, iotrolan, saline, and mannitol solution on the pharmacokinetic parameters of creatinine were determined. RESULTS: Bolus injection of creatinine into dogs followed a dose-linear pharmacokinetic behavior with a terminal half-life of 90 minutes (10 mg/kg) and 108 minutes (20 mg/kg), respectively, and a clearance of 5 mL/min/kg. Injection of Diatrizoate decreased the clearance and the half-life of creatinine significantly. A mannitol solution with the same osmolality as Diatrizoate showed the same effect whereas physiological saline did not affect pharmacokinetic parameters of creatinine. The isotonic iotrolan was intermediate between saline and Diatrizoate in its effects on creatinine clearance. CONCLUSION: The effect of contrast agents on pharmacokinetic parameters of creatinine injected immediately after the administration of the agents in dogs might be a useful model for the evaluation of renal tolerance. In a cross-over study, iotrolan was not statistically separable from Diatrizoate.
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Elimination of the Diatrizoate-induced effects on the microcirculation by the prostacyclin derivative, iloprost.
Investigative Radiology, 1994Co-Authors: Werner Krause, Rainer Christian Klopp, Wolfgang Niemer, Wolfgang Schippel, Herrmann KulmannAbstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Contrast media, especially high-osmolar ionic compounds elicit drastic effects on the microcirculation. In some areas of the microcirculatory network, blood flow decreases up to total stasis; in other areas, blood velocity increases. The authors studied the effect of the stable prostacyclin derivative, iloprost, added to the Diatrizoate formulation on the number of perfused microvessels in the rat intestine. METHODS Diatrizoate (600 mg iodine/kg) and increasing concentrations of iloprost, ranging from a total dose of 0 to 560 ng/kg, were injected intravenously into groups of four anesthetized male rats. The number of unperfused microvessels in the intestine were determined by in vivo microscopy. Each animal received two treatments at an interval of 35 minutes. One treatment consisted of Diatrizoate alone, the other treatment consisted of Diatrizoate plus iloprost. Two animals of each group received first Diatrizoate alone and then Diatrizoate plus iloprost. The other two animals first received Diatrizoate plus iloprost and then Diatrizoate alone. RESULTS Diatrizoate alone reduced the number of perfused microvessels by 45%. The addition of iloprost resulted in a dose-dependent improvement of microcirculation. At a dose of 280 ng/kg, the effects of Diatrizoate were completely abolished. Increasing the dose further diminished this effect. CONCLUSIONS The addition of iloprost to Diatrizoate eliminates the deleterious effects of Diatrizoate on microcirculation.
José Rivera Utrilla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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degradation of x ray contrast media Diatrizoate in different water matrices by gamma irradiation
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2013Co-Authors: Inmaculada Velo Gala, Jesús J. López Peñalver, Manuel Sánchez Polo, José Rivera UtrillaAbstract:Background This study analyzes the effectiveness of gamma irradiation in removing Diatrizoate contrast from different water matrices: ultrapure water, surface water, groundwater and wastewater. The use of gamma irradiation for degradation is influenced by coexisting substances in natural waters and wastewaters. The influence of the presence of anions on the degradation of Diatrizoate by gamma irradiation was investigated. Results Study results indicate that: (1) Diatrizoate radiolysis fits pseudo-first-order kinetics; removal of 91.9% of the Diatrizoate was achieved at a dose of 1000 Gy; (2) Diatrizoate degradation depends on the type of water matrix, with the radiolysis being affected by the presence of anions, as follows: (i) high concentrations of Cl− increase the efficacy of the process; and (ii) low concentrations of markedly decrease the degradation rate, because nitrite ions act as scavengers of , hydroxyl radical and hydrogen radical; (3) TOC values showed that Diatrizoate does not mineralize at a dose of 1000 Gy. Conclusions Radiolysis degrades Diatrizoate by more than 90%; results obtained indicate that it is not mineralized, with TOC values remaining constant in all waters studied. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
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Degradation of X‐ray contrast media Diatrizoate in different water matrices by gamma irradiation
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2013Co-Authors: Inmaculada Velo Gala, Jesús J. López Peñalver, Manuel Sánchez Polo, José Rivera UtrillaAbstract:Background This study analyzes the effectiveness of gamma irradiation in removing Diatrizoate contrast from different water matrices: ultrapure water, surface water, groundwater and wastewater. The use of gamma irradiation for degradation is influenced by coexisting substances in natural waters and wastewaters. The influence of the presence of anions on the degradation of Diatrizoate by gamma irradiation was investigated. Results Study results indicate that: (1) Diatrizoate radiolysis fits pseudo-first-order kinetics; removal of 91.9% of the Diatrizoate was achieved at a dose of 1000 Gy; (2) Diatrizoate degradation depends on the type of water matrix, with the radiolysis being affected by the presence of anions, as follows: (i) high concentrations of Cl− increase the efficacy of the process; and (ii) low concentrations of markedly decrease the degradation rate, because nitrite ions act as scavengers of , hydroxyl radical and hydrogen radical; (3) TOC values showed that Diatrizoate does not mineralize at a dose of 1000 Gy. Conclusions Radiolysis degrades Diatrizoate by more than 90%; results obtained indicate that it is not mineralized, with TOC values remaining constant in all waters studied. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Charles P Taliercio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a randomized comparison of the nephrotoxicity of iopamidol and Diatrizoate in high risk patients undergoing cardiac angiography
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1991Co-Authors: Charles P Taliercio, Ronald E Vlietstra, Duane M Ilstrup, John C Burnett, Kris K Menke, Shauna L Stensrud, David R HolmesAbstract:Three hundred seven high risk patients with renal impairment (serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dl) were randomized in a double-blind manner to either iopamidol (a nonionic, low osmolar radiocontrast agent) or Diatrizoate (a conventional radiocontrast agent) at cardiac angiography with subsequent follow-up study of renal function. Baseline clinical and angiographic variables were similar in the iopamidol (n = 155) and Diatrizoate (n = 152) groups. Change in renal function after angiography was less pronounced with iopamidol compared with Diatrizoate as measured by mean (± SD) increase in 24 h serum creatinine (0.11 ± 0.2 versus 0.22 ± 0.26 mg/dl, p 0.5 mg/dl (8% versus 19%, p It is concluded that iopamidol is less nephrotoxic than Diatrizoate in high risk patients at cardiac angiography. However, the difference in nephrotoxicity is small, of no major clinical significance in the majority of high risk patients and could not be documented in insulin-using diabetic patients. Iopamidol may be the preferred agent in certain patients with advanced renal impairment, but further study is warranted.
Frans G. M. Russel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Excretion and accumulation of Diatrizoate in the isolated perfused rat kidney
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1997Co-Authors: Rosalinde Masereeuw, Miek M. Moons, Paul Smits, Frans G. M. RusselAbstract:Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the renal disposition of Diatrizoate in the isolated perfused rat kidney (IPK). To the IPK, 5 different doses were added (between 1.13 and 44 mg), resulting in initial perfusate concentrations between 4.5 and 175 μg/ml. At all perfusate concentrations, the renal excretion rate of Diatrizoate was significantly lower than the filtration rate, indicating that a reabsorptive mechanism is involved in renal Diatrizoate handling. The ratio of Diatrizoate clearance over GFR (Cl R /GF) was 0.67±0.04 at 4.5 μg/ml, and increased slightly to 0.76±0.03 at 175 μg/ml, suggesting that tubular reabsorption is mediated by a saturable mechanism. Accumulation of Diatrizoate in kidney tissue was significantly reduced after preincubation of the perfused kidneys with the organic anion transport inhibitor probenecid, whereas renal clearance was not affected. At an initial perfusate concentration of 4.5 μg/ml a kidney-to-perfusate ratio (K/P-ratio) of 2.5±0.9 was found, which decreased to 1.3±0.2 after preincubation with probenecid. At a perfusate concentration of 47 μg/ml a K/P-ratio of 1.4±0.3 was determined, which increased significantly to 2.5±0.4 at a concentration of 175 μg/ml. We suggest that this unusual profile in concentration-dependent accumulation may be explained by a renal clearance mechanism for Diatrizoate that consists of saturable reabsorption in conjunction with active tubular secretion.