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F. Imbert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First report in New Caledonia of bacteriel Blight of Anthurium caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae.
Plant Disease, 2007Co-Authors: Emmanuel Jouen, Philippe Laurent, Isabelle Robene-soustrade, Lionel Gagnevin, Olivier Pruvost, Bruno Hostachy, G. Gâteblé, R. Amice, F. ImbertAbstract:Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of aroids (BBA), has been reported in many regions and has been isolated on several host genera (1). During February 2004, in a nursery (Mont Dore) in New Caledonia, suspect symptoms have been observed on anthurium and Dieffenbachia plants. A survey carried out on the entire island revealed that X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae was present in 41 of the 89 nurseries inspected. During hot and humid weather, marginal or interveinal water-soaked spots surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic areas were observed, usually followed by a systemic phase (stem rotting and death of the plant). During the cold and dry season, only water-soaked spots were observed. Seventy pure cultures isolated from anthurium and Dieffenbachia were gram negative, yellow pigmented, and had a mucoid aspect when grown on rich media. All strains responded positively to the Xcd108 monoclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) raised against X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae using indirect ELISA. A set of 18 strains (isolated from 15 anthurium and 3 Dieffenbachia plants located in different sites) were further characterized by molecular and pathogenicity tests. All strains reacted positively using a specific nested PCR assay (1). Pathogenicity tests were performed on 8-month-old plants of Anthurium andreanum ‘Carré’, Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Tropic Marianne’, and Syngonium podophyllum ‘Robusta’ by syringue infiltration of a suspension containing approximately 105 CFU mL-1. Each strain was inoculated onto three young leaves (four inoculation sites per leaf) on two plants. Control plants received sterile Tris buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.2). Plants were maintained in a growth chamber with day and night temperatures of 30 ± 1°C and 26 ± 1°C, respectively, 95 ± 5% relative humidity, 30 μmol m-2·s-1 light intensity and a photoperiod of 12 h (1). On all plants, all strains caused typical water-soaked symptoms within 10 days, evolving into chlorotic then necrotic areas after 20 to 24 days. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers revealed three haplotypes among these strains, which suggests that several introduction events may have occurred. These AFLP fingerprints were compared with other Xanthomonas spp. pathovars, including most of X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae strains obtained from international culture collections, and were found to belong to the same genomic group as all the X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae strains pathogenic on anthurium. Importation in New Caledonia of aroids from countries in which X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae is present (Hawaii, French Polynesia, the Netherlands, and Australia) occurred before 2004. The wide distribution of BBA is very likely due to the plant material movements occurring in New Caledonia and suggests that the pathogen may have been present on the territory some years before the first official case.
Emmanuel Jouen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First report in New Caledonia of bacteriel Blight of Anthurium caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae.
Plant Disease, 2007Co-Authors: Emmanuel Jouen, Philippe Laurent, Isabelle Robene-soustrade, Lionel Gagnevin, Olivier Pruvost, Bruno Hostachy, G. Gâteblé, R. Amice, F. ImbertAbstract:Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of aroids (BBA), has been reported in many regions and has been isolated on several host genera (1). During February 2004, in a nursery (Mont Dore) in New Caledonia, suspect symptoms have been observed on anthurium and Dieffenbachia plants. A survey carried out on the entire island revealed that X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae was present in 41 of the 89 nurseries inspected. During hot and humid weather, marginal or interveinal water-soaked spots surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic areas were observed, usually followed by a systemic phase (stem rotting and death of the plant). During the cold and dry season, only water-soaked spots were observed. Seventy pure cultures isolated from anthurium and Dieffenbachia were gram negative, yellow pigmented, and had a mucoid aspect when grown on rich media. All strains responded positively to the Xcd108 monoclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) raised against X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae using indirect ELISA. A set of 18 strains (isolated from 15 anthurium and 3 Dieffenbachia plants located in different sites) were further characterized by molecular and pathogenicity tests. All strains reacted positively using a specific nested PCR assay (1). Pathogenicity tests were performed on 8-month-old plants of Anthurium andreanum ‘Carré’, Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Tropic Marianne’, and Syngonium podophyllum ‘Robusta’ by syringue infiltration of a suspension containing approximately 105 CFU mL-1. Each strain was inoculated onto three young leaves (four inoculation sites per leaf) on two plants. Control plants received sterile Tris buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.2). Plants were maintained in a growth chamber with day and night temperatures of 30 ± 1°C and 26 ± 1°C, respectively, 95 ± 5% relative humidity, 30 μmol m-2·s-1 light intensity and a photoperiod of 12 h (1). On all plants, all strains caused typical water-soaked symptoms within 10 days, evolving into chlorotic then necrotic areas after 20 to 24 days. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers revealed three haplotypes among these strains, which suggests that several introduction events may have occurred. These AFLP fingerprints were compared with other Xanthomonas spp. pathovars, including most of X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae strains obtained from international culture collections, and were found to belong to the same genomic group as all the X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae strains pathogenic on anthurium. Importation in New Caledonia of aroids from countries in which X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae is present (Hawaii, French Polynesia, the Netherlands, and Australia) occurred before 2004. The wide distribution of BBA is very likely due to the plant material movements occurring in New Caledonia and suggests that the pathogen may have been present on the territory some years before the first official case.
Edward P Krenzelok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dieffenbachia species exposures: an evidence-based assessment of symptom presentation
Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 1999Co-Authors: L. Pedaci, T. D. Jacobsen, Edward P Krenzelok, John M. AronisAbstract:The literature often ascribes significant morbidity to Dieffenbachia exposures. However, poison center experience suggests a discordant view from that presented in the literature. This project determined if the symptoms described in the literature were consistent with clinical practice. To profile the symptoms reported in the literature, an extensive literature search using Medline and Webspirs (http:/(/)infoshare.library.pitt.edu/webspirs /webspirs.htm) was conducted to identify publications that described Dieffenbachia toxicity. Standard toxicology references and medical botany texts found in poison centers were used to profile symptoms in the tertiary literature; and an Internet search using the Savvy Search program (http:/(/)www.guaraldi.cs.colostate.edu:20 00) to search simultaneously all other search engines. The symptom information was compared to AAPCC TESS (1993-1996) symptom data reported on Dieffenbachia exposure reports. Twenty-three reference sources profiled the literature perspective on Dieffenbachia exposures. AAPCC TESS contained 10,796 Dieffenbachia exposures, and 34.7% of the reports documented symptoms. Oral irritation was reported in 18.2% of the reports and 92.6% of the queried literature listed this symptom (18.2%/92.6%). Additionally dermal pain = 8.7%/63.0%; vomiting = 2.6%/18.5%; erythema = 2.5%/5.3%; throat irritation = 2.3%/22.2%; dermal edema = 2.2%/3.7%; pruritus = 2.1%/7.4%; ocular irritation = 1.7%/44.4%; rash = 1.2%/29.6%; cough/choke = 1.1%/3.7%; loss of speech = 0%/29.6%; salivation = 0%/29.6%; respiratory obstruction = 0%/48.1%; death = 0%/11.18%. When multiple symptoms occurred the most common toxidrome was oral and throat irritation that occurred in 2.9% of the AAPCC TESS reports. There is similarity between the literature and the clinical experience with regard to the irritant properties of Dieffenbachia species, but there is also significant disparity because the literature fails to put the symptoms into a clinical frequency perspective. In general, the literature portrays Dieffenbachia exposures associated with more morbidity and mortality than what was reported in the AAPCC TESS clinical practice data. Language: en
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Philodendron/Dieffenbachia Ingestions: Are They a Problem?
Clinical Toxicology, 1991Co-Authors: Rita Mrvos, Bonnie S Dean, Edward P KrenzelokAbstract:AbstractIngestions involving the philodendron/Dieffenbachia members of the Arum family are allegedly associated with the development of intense irritation of mucous membranes, resulting in swelling of the tongue, lips and palate. Although numerous literature citations promote their toxicity, there are few case reports which substantiate a cause-effect relationship between ingestion and resultant symptomatology. To assess the toxic manifestations associated with the ingestion of these plants, a retrospective review of such cases reported to a Regional Poison Information Center was performed. 188 cases were identified and the integrity of the leaf had been broken in all cases. Philodendrons accounted for 67.5% and Dieffenbachias for 32.5% of the cases. 72.8% involved children aged 4–12 months. Only 2.1% (4) of the patients were symptomatic (Dieffenbachia-3; philodendron-1). In all cases, the symptoms occurred within 5 minutes of the exposure and were of short duration and the outcome was classified as minor...
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philodendron Dieffenbachia ingestions are they a problem
Clinical Toxicology, 1991Co-Authors: Rita Mrvos, Bonnie S Dean, Edward P KrenzelokAbstract:AbstractIngestions involving the philodendron/Dieffenbachia members of the Arum family are allegedly associated with the development of intense irritation of mucous membranes, resulting in swelling of the tongue, lips and palate. Although numerous literature citations promote their toxicity, there are few case reports which substantiate a cause-effect relationship between ingestion and resultant symptomatology. To assess the toxic manifestations associated with the ingestion of these plants, a retrospective review of such cases reported to a Regional Poison Information Center was performed. 188 cases were identified and the integrity of the leaf had been broken in all cases. Philodendrons accounted for 67.5% and Dieffenbachias for 32.5% of the cases. 72.8% involved children aged 4–12 months. Only 2.1% (4) of the patients were symptomatic (Dieffenbachia-3; philodendron-1). In all cases, the symptoms occurred within 5 minutes of the exposure and were of short duration and the outcome was classified as minor...
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Philodendron/Dieffenbachia Ingestions: Are They a Problem?
Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 1991Co-Authors: Rita Mrvos, Bonnie S Dean, Edward P KrenzelokAbstract:Ingestions involving the philodendron/Dieffenbachia members of the Arum family are allegedly associated with the development of intense irritation of mucous membranes, resulting in swelling of the tongue, lips and palate. Although numerous literature citations promote their toxicity, there are few case reports which substantiate a cause-effect relationship between ingestion and resultant symptomatology. To assess the toxic manifestations associated with the ingestion of these plants, a retrospective review of such cases reported to a Regional Poison Information Center was performed. 188 cases were identified and the integrity of the leaf had been broken in all cases. Philodendrons accounted for 67.5% and Dieffenbachias for 32.5% of the cases. 72.8% involved children aged 4-12 months. Only 2.1% (4) of the patients were symptomatic (Dieffenbachia-3; philodendron-1). In all cases, the symptoms occurred within 5 minutes of the exposure and were of short duration and the outcome was classified as minor. In this 24 month senses of 188 exposures, severe oral complications and the delayed development of symptoms were not observed.
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philodendron Dieffenbachia ingestions are they a problem
Clinical Toxicology, 1991Co-Authors: Rita Mrvos, Bonnie S Dean, Edward P KrenzelokAbstract:Ingestions involving the philodendron/Dieffenbachia members of the Arum family are allegedly associated with the development of intense irritation of mucous membranes, resulting in swelling of the tongue, lips and palate. Although numerous literature citations promote their toxicity, there are few case reports which substantiate a cause-effect relationship between ingestion and resultant symptomatology. To assess the toxic manifestations associated with the ingestion of these plants, a retrospective review of such cases reported to a Regional Poison Information Center was performed. 188 cases were identified and the integrity of the leaf had been broken in all cases. Philodendrons accounted for 67.5% and Dieffenbachias for 32.5% of the cases. 72.8% involved children aged 4-12 months. Only 2.1% (4) of the patients were symptomatic (Dieffenbachia-3; philodendron-1). In all cases, the symptoms occurred within 5 minutes of the exposure and were of short duration and the outcome was classified as minor. In this 24 month senses of 188 exposures, severe oral complications and the delayed development of symptoms were not observed.
Marc Gibernau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pollination ecology of two Dieffenbachia in French Guiana
Aroideana, 2015Co-Authors: Marc GibernauAbstract:The reproductive ecology of two species of Dieffenbachia (D. seguine [Jacq.] Schott and D. paludicola N.E. Br. ex Gleason) was studied at the Nouragues field station research in French Guiana. As in other known Dieffenbachia, the two studied species presented the classical cyclocephaline (dynastine scarab beetle) pollination system: Nocturnal anthesis with a strong odor, protogynous and short anthesis over 2 (3) days, female flowers being receptive on the first night and pollen being released on the second night. Inflorescences of D. seguine were visited by two species of scarab beetles (Cyclocephalini, Dynastinae): the dark brown Cyclocephala rustica and the black Erioscelis proba; while Inflorescences of D. paludicola were only visited by Erioscelis proba. Scarab beetles were efficient pollinators resulting in a high reproductive success even if some self-pollination can occur. Original data were gathered on flower and fruit predation leading to pollen and seed loss but their effect of the reproductive success still needs to be quantified.
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Floral Biology, Pollination Ecology & Genetics of Dieffenbachia (Araceae) – a review.
Aroideana, 2015Co-Authors: Marc GibernauAbstract:This article presents a review on the floral biology, the pollination ecology and the population genetics in the genus Dieffenbachia (Araceae). Few studies had specifically studied Dieffenbachia species; in fact, data are available for only 5 species and not always in a complete way. In addition, some horticultural experiments on breeding and hormone treatments provide interesting complementary information. Even if the number of documented species is low; Dieffenbachia appears to be a genus presenting classic traits of cyclocephaline pollinated taxa. But more surprising these few data underline some variations of the pollination ecology or reproductive system within the genus suggesting a “dynamic” genus in terms of evolutionary changes. Further works on the biology and ecology of the species of this genus are needed and they should be done in the context of the tribe Spathicarpeae.
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floral biology pollination ecology genetics of Dieffenbachia araceae a review
Aroideana, 2015Co-Authors: Marc GibernauAbstract:This article presents a review on the floral biology, the pollination ecology and the population genetics in the genus Dieffenbachia (Araceae). Few studies had specifically studied Dieffenbachia species; in fact, data are available for only 5 species and not always in a complete way. In addition, some horticultural experiments on breeding and hormone treatments provide interesting complementary information. Even if the number of documented species is low; Dieffenbachia appears to be a genus presenting classic traits of cyclocephaline pollinated taxa. But more surprising these few data underline some variations of the pollination ecology or reproductive system within the genus suggesting a “dynamic” genus in terms of evolutionary changes. Further works on the biology and ecology of the species of this genus are needed and they should be done in the context of the tribe Spathicarpeae.
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Etude comparative de la production de chaleur chez quelques Araceae.
Adansonia. Sér. 3, 2000Co-Authors: Denis Barabé, Marc GibernauAbstract:Comparative study of heat production in some Araceae. The thermogenetic cycle of the inflorescences is compared in the genera Anubias, Cercestis, Dieffenbachia, Homalomena and Philodendron. The genera Philodendron, Anubias and Homalomena have a thermogenetic cycle characterized by the production of two peaks of heat. In Dieffenbachia and Cercestis the cycle is characterized by the presence of a single peak appearing during the first day of the floral cycle. Differences between these two thermogenetic patternsare linked with pollination mecanisms.
G. Gâteblé - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First report in New Caledonia of bacteriel Blight of Anthurium caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae.
Plant Disease, 2007Co-Authors: Emmanuel Jouen, Philippe Laurent, Isabelle Robene-soustrade, Lionel Gagnevin, Olivier Pruvost, Bruno Hostachy, G. Gâteblé, R. Amice, F. ImbertAbstract:Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of aroids (BBA), has been reported in many regions and has been isolated on several host genera (1). During February 2004, in a nursery (Mont Dore) in New Caledonia, suspect symptoms have been observed on anthurium and Dieffenbachia plants. A survey carried out on the entire island revealed that X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae was present in 41 of the 89 nurseries inspected. During hot and humid weather, marginal or interveinal water-soaked spots surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic areas were observed, usually followed by a systemic phase (stem rotting and death of the plant). During the cold and dry season, only water-soaked spots were observed. Seventy pure cultures isolated from anthurium and Dieffenbachia were gram negative, yellow pigmented, and had a mucoid aspect when grown on rich media. All strains responded positively to the Xcd108 monoclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) raised against X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae using indirect ELISA. A set of 18 strains (isolated from 15 anthurium and 3 Dieffenbachia plants located in different sites) were further characterized by molecular and pathogenicity tests. All strains reacted positively using a specific nested PCR assay (1). Pathogenicity tests were performed on 8-month-old plants of Anthurium andreanum ‘Carré’, Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Tropic Marianne’, and Syngonium podophyllum ‘Robusta’ by syringue infiltration of a suspension containing approximately 105 CFU mL-1. Each strain was inoculated onto three young leaves (four inoculation sites per leaf) on two plants. Control plants received sterile Tris buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.2). Plants were maintained in a growth chamber with day and night temperatures of 30 ± 1°C and 26 ± 1°C, respectively, 95 ± 5% relative humidity, 30 μmol m-2·s-1 light intensity and a photoperiod of 12 h (1). On all plants, all strains caused typical water-soaked symptoms within 10 days, evolving into chlorotic then necrotic areas after 20 to 24 days. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers revealed three haplotypes among these strains, which suggests that several introduction events may have occurred. These AFLP fingerprints were compared with other Xanthomonas spp. pathovars, including most of X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae strains obtained from international culture collections, and were found to belong to the same genomic group as all the X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae strains pathogenic on anthurium. Importation in New Caledonia of aroids from countries in which X. axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae is present (Hawaii, French Polynesia, the Netherlands, and Australia) occurred before 2004. The wide distribution of BBA is very likely due to the plant material movements occurring in New Caledonia and suggests that the pathogen may have been present on the territory some years before the first official case.