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Mary I. Poos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Planning Diets for Individuals Using the Dietary Reference Intakes
Nutrition Reviews, 2003Co-Authors: Susan I. Barr, Tanya Agurs-collins, Suzanne P Murphy, Mary I. PoosAbstract:Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are now available for energy, macronutrients, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, and can be used to plan diets for individuals. This article defines the four DRIs (the Estimated Average Requirement, the Recommended Dietary Allowance, the Adequate Intake, and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level), and describes two other Reference standards—the Estimated Energy Requirement and the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. Planning diets for individuals involves identifying the appropriate nutrient intake goals, translating the nutrient goals into food intake (and supplement use, if warranted), assessing the plan, and revising it if required. This process is illustrated using case studies of a female vegetarian marathon runner and an older male smoker.
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Using the new Dietary Reference Intakes to assess diets: a map to the maze.
Nutrition Reviews, 2002Co-Authors: Suzanne P Murphy, Susan I. Barr, Mary I. PoosAbstract:New Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are being set by the Institute of Medicine, and represent a new way of defining nutrient intake recommendations. For the first time, the recommendations for the United States and Canada allow the calculation of the probability of adequacy for an individual, and the prevalence of inadequacy for a population. In addition, possible excessive consumption of many nutrients can be evaluated. The goal of this review is to provide a practical guide to the proper uses of the new DRIs when assessing Intakes.
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Dietary Reference Intakes: summary of applications in Dietary assessment
Public health nutrition, 2002Co-Authors: Suzanne P Murphy, Mary I. PoosAbstract:Objective: To summarise the applications and appropriate use of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) as guidance for nutrition and health research professionals in the Dietary assessment of groups and individuals. Design: Key points from the Institute of Medicine report, Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, are summarised in this paper. The different approaches for using DRIs to evaluate the Intakes of groups vs. the Intakes of individuals are highlighted. Results: Each of the new DRIs is defined and its role in the Dietary assessment of groups and individuals is described. Two methods of group assessment and a new method for quantitative assessment of individuals are described. Illustrations are provided on appropriate use of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the Adequate Intake (AI) and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) in Dietary assessment. Conclusions: Dietary assessment of groups or individuals must be based on estimates of usual (long-term) intake. The EAR is the appropriate DRI to use in assessing groups and individuals. The AI is of limited value in assessing nutrient adequacy, and cannot be used to assess the prevalence of inadequacy. The UL is the appropriate DRI to use in assessing the proportion of a group at risk of adverse health effects. It is inappropriate to use the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) or a group mean intake to assess the nutrient adequacy of groups.
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Dietary Reference Intakes vitamin a vitamin k arsenic boron chromium copper iodine iron manganese molybdenum nickel silicon vanadium and zinc
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 1998Co-Authors: Paula Trumbo, Allison A Yates, Sandra A Schlicker, Mary I. PoosAbstract:Abstract Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) represent the new approach adopted by the Food and Nutrition Board to providing quantitative estimates of nutrient Intakes for use in a variety of settings, replacing and expanding on the past 50 years of periodic updates and revisions of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). The DRI activity is a comprehensive effort undertaken to include current concepts about the role of nutrients and food components in long-term health, going beyond deficiency diseases. The DRIs consist of 4 Reference Intakes: the RDA, which is to be used as a goal for the individual; the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), which is given to assist in advising individuals what levels of intake may result in adverse effects if habitually exceeded; the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the intake level at which the data indicate that the needs for 50% of those consuming it will not be met; and the Adequate Intake (AI), a level judged by the experts developing the Reference Intakes to meet the needs of all individuals in a group, but which is based on much less data and substantially more judgment than that used in establishing an EAR and subsequently the RDA. When an RDA cannot be set, an AI is given. Both are to be used as goals for an individual. Two reports have been issued providing DRIs for nutrients and food components reviewed to date: these include calcium and its related nutrients: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride; and most recently, folate, the B vitamins, and choline. The approaches used to determine the DRIs, the Reference values themselves, and the plans for future nutrients and food components are discussed. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98: 699–706 .
Allison A Yates - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dietary Reference Intakes based on chronic disease endpoints outcomes from a case study workshop for omega 3 s epa and dha
Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 2021Co-Authors: Megan Racey, Allison A Yates, Amanda J Macfarlane, Susan E Carlson, Ken D Stark, Melanie Plourde, Catherine J Field, George A Wells, Andrea Grantham, Richard P BazinetAbstract:Given the focus on developing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) based on chronic disease risk reduction and recent research for omega-3 long chain PUFA since the last DRI review, the Canadian Nutrit...
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History of Nutrition: The Long Road Leading to the Dietary Reference Intakes for the United States and Canada.
Advances in Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Suzanne P Murphy, Susan I. Barr, Allison A Yates, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Johanna T. DwyerAbstract:The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are Reference values to guide the planning and assessing of nutrient Intakes in the United States and Canada. The DRI framework was conceptualized in 1994, and the first reports were issued from 1997–2004, based on work by expert panels and subcommittees under the guidance of the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine. Numerous conventions, challenges, and controversies were encountered during the process of defining and setting the DRIs, including the definition of the framework, the use of chronic disease endpoints, lack of data on requirements for children and youth, and methods for addressing nonessential bioactive substances with potential health benefits. DRIs may be used to plan and assess the nutrient Intakes of both individuals and population groups, but the new paradigm particularly improved methods used for groups. It is now possible to estimate both the prevalence of inadequate intake and the prevalence of potentially excessive intake within a group. The DRIs have served as a potent influence on national nutrition policies, including those related to Dietary guidance, food labeling, nutrition monitoring, food assistance programs, and military nutrition standards. Because of this important impact on nutrition policy, the DRIs must be based on the best possible and most up-to-date science. Unfortunately, no updates to specific DRIs are currently planned. Despite the long and challenging road that led to the current DRIs, it must not finish in a dead end. Monetary resources and political will are crucial to maintaining and continuously updating the DRIs.
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Dietary Reference Intakes: cases of appropriate and inappropriate uses.
Nutrition Reviews, 2013Co-Authors: Paula R Trumbo, Susan I. Barr, Suzanne P Murphy, Allison A YatesAbstract:The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of Reference intake levels for nutrients that can be used for planning diets and assessing nutrient inadequacies of individuals and groups. Since the publication of the DRI reports 1997–2004, the Reference intake levels have been used for various purposes. While DRIs have been used appropriately for planning and assessing diets for many different situations, there have been instances in which specific DRI categories have not been applied as intended. In this review, cases are described in which DRIs were applied correctly, as well as cases from the growing number of examples in which the wrong DRI was used or DRIs were used incorrectly.
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Dietary Reference Intakes revised nutritional equivalents for folate vitamin e and provitamin a carotenoids
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2003Co-Authors: Paula Trumbo, Allison A Yates, Sandra Schlickerrenfro, Carol SuitorAbstract:Nutritional equivalents for folate, vitamin E and provitamin A carotenoids have been revised to more accurately reflect their contribution to nutrition as they exist in foods. This revision results in a reduction in the nutritional value of each of these three nutrients compared to previous nutritional equivalents. Therefore, not using these new nutritional equivalents can result in an overestimated intake of folate, vitamin E and vitamin A.
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Dietary Reference Intakes the new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients b vitamins and choline
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 1998Co-Authors: Allison A Yates, Sandra A Schlicker, Carol W SuitorAbstract:Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) represent the new approach adopted by the Food and Nutrition Board to providing quantitative estimates of nutrient Intakes for use in a variety of settings, replacing and expanding on the past 50 years of periodic updates and revisions of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). The DRI activity is a comprehensive effort undertaken to include current concepts about the role of nutrients and food components in long-term health, going beyond deficiency diseases. The DRIs consist of 4 Reference Intakes: the RDA, which is to be used as a goal for the individual; the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), which is given to assist in advising individuals what levels of intake may result in adverse effects if habitually exceeded; the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the intake level at which the data indicate that the needs for 50% of those consuming it will not be met; and the Adequate Intake (AI), a level judged by the experts developing the Reference Intakes to meet the needs of all individuals in a group, but which is based on much less data and substantially more judgment than that used in establishing an EAR and subsequently the RDA. When an RDA cannot be set, an AI is given. Both are to be used as goals for an individual. Two reports have been issued providing DRIs for nutrients and food components reviewed to date: these include calcium and its related nutrients: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride; and most recently, folate, the B vitamins, and choline. The approaches used to determine the DRIs, the Reference values themselves, and the plans for future nutrients and food components are discussed.
Paula R Trumbo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evidence Needed to Inform the Next Dietary Reference Intakes for Iodine
Advances in Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Paula R TrumboAbstract:In 2001, Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for iodine were set for the different gender and life-stage groups by the Institute of Medicine. Because of the serious consequences of iodine deficiency for the developing fetus and infant, there is particular interest in further understanding optimal iodine nutrition and improving the monitoring of iodine status, particularly during infancy, pregnancy, and lactation. This review discusses the basis for the current DRIs for iodine and the evidence that may be needed for considering and conducting the reevaluation of one or more of the DRIs. Adv. Nutr. 4: 718–722, 2013.
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Dietary Reference Intakes: cases of appropriate and inappropriate uses.
Nutrition Reviews, 2013Co-Authors: Paula R Trumbo, Susan I. Barr, Suzanne P Murphy, Allison A YatesAbstract:The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of Reference intake levels for nutrients that can be used for planning diets and assessing nutrient inadequacies of individuals and groups. Since the publication of the DRI reports 1997–2004, the Reference intake levels have been used for various purposes. While DRIs have been used appropriately for planning and assessing diets for many different situations, there have been instances in which specific DRI categories have not been applied as intended. In this review, cases are described in which DRIs were applied correctly, as well as cases from the growing number of examples in which the wrong DRI was used or DRIs were used incorrectly.
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Challenges with using chronic disease endpoints in setting Dietary Reference Intakes
Nutrition Reviews, 2008Co-Authors: Paula R TrumboAbstract:Since 1941, the recommended Dietary allowances (RDAs) in the United States have been based on the goal of maintaining health in the country's population. There has been a growing body of evidence to support the role of diet in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. For this reason, there has been recent emphasis on considering data on chronic disease endpoints for setting Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Despite this emphasis, none of the RDAs set during the DRI review were based on chronic disease risk. However, chronic disease risk was considered for determining adequate Intakes and even some acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges. This article discusses the application of and challenges associated with using chronic disease endpoints in setting DRIs.
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The regulatory process to revise nutrient labeling relative to the Dietary Reference Intakes
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006Co-Authors: Barbara O. Schneeman, Paula R Trumbo, Kathleen C. Ellwood, Felicia SatchellAbstract:The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 -an amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act-paved the way for significant changes in the labeling of foods, nutrient content, and health claims. This article gives an overview of the regulatory process used by the US Food and Drug Administration to revise the food label relative to the Dietary Reference Intakes and in ways that reflect new scientific knowledge and public health issues.
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vitamin A isotope dilution predicts liver stores in line with long-term vitamin A intake above the current Recommended Dietary Allowance for young adult women
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Ashley R Valentine, Christopher R Davis, Sherry A. TanumihardjoAbstract:Background: The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A are 1.7 and 2.4 μmol/d (500 and 700 μg retinol activity equivalents/d), respectively, for nonpregnant, nonlactating women aged >19 y. This intake is presumed to maintain a minimally acceptable liver concentration of 0.07 μmol (20 μg) retinol/g; however, liver reserves have not been evaluated with respect to vitamin A intake in women of any age group defined in the Dietary Reference Intakes. Objective: This cross-sectional study examined vitamin A intake and liver reserves estimated by stable-isotope dilution testing. Design: Forty nonpregnant, nonlactating women (mean ± SD age: 22.4 ± 2.3 y) completed a Harvard food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 3-d diet record (3DDR) before undergoing vitamin A status assessment by using a [13C2]retinol stable-isotope dilution test. Results: Vitamin A intake was 70% higher than the RDA by both Dietary-assessment methods (P < 0.001). The mean (±SD) liver concentration of vitamin A was 0.45 ± 0.31 μmol/g (129 ± 89 μg/g) and ranged from 0.09 (26 μg/g) to 1.79 μmol/g (513 μg/g). Liver and total-body vitamin A were highly correlated with intake measured by FFQ (P ≤ 0.009), but 3DDR was not (P ≥ 0.22). Prediction equations were developed for 3- and 7-d data. Conclusions: In this well-nourished population, vitamin A consumption was considerably higher than recommended, and liver reserves were consistent with intake. Because of their sensitivity, stable-isotope techniques can help to describe the vitamin A status and better characterize the intake needs of all groups defined in the Dietary Reference Intakes. Registration was not required for this trial.
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Vitamin A isotope dilution predicts liver stores in line with long-term vitamin A intake above the current Recommended Dietary Allowance
2013Co-Authors: Ashley R Valentine, Christopher R Davis, Sherry A. TanumihardjoAbstract:Background: The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A are 1.7 and 2.4 mmol/d (500 and 700 mg retinol activity equivalents/d), respectively, for nonpregnant, nonlactating women aged .19 y. This intake is presumed to maintain a minimally acceptable liver concentration of 0.07 mmol (20 mg) retinol/g; however, liver reserves have not been evaluated with respect to vitamin A intake in women of any age group defined in the Dietary Reference Intakes. Objective: This cross-sectional study examined vitamin A intake and liver reserves estimated by stable-isotope dilution testing. Design: Forty nonpregnant, nonlactating women (age: 22.4 6 2.3 y) completed a Harvard Food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 3-d diet record (3DDR) before undergoing vitamin A status assessment by using a [ 13 C2]retinol stable-isotope dilution test. Results: Vitamin A intake was 70% higher than the RDA by both Dietary-assessment methods (P , 0.001). The mean liver concentration of vitamin A was 0.45 6 0.31 mmol/g (129 6 89 mg/g) and ranged from 0.09 (26 mg/g) to 1.79 mmol/g (513 mg/g). Liver and total-body vitamin A were highly correlated with intake measured by FFQ (P # 0.009), but 3DDR was not (P $ 0.22). Prediction equations were developed for 3- and 7-d data. Conclusions: In this well-nourished population, vitamin A consumption was considerably higher than recommended, and liver reserves were consistent with intake. Because of their sensitivity, stable-isotope techniques can help to describe the vitamin A status and better characterize the intake needs of all groups defined in the Dietary Reference Intakes. Registration was not required for this trial. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.063867.
Paula Trumbo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dietary Reference Intakes revised nutritional equivalents for folate vitamin e and provitamin a carotenoids
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2003Co-Authors: Paula Trumbo, Allison A Yates, Sandra Schlickerrenfro, Carol SuitorAbstract:Nutritional equivalents for folate, vitamin E and provitamin A carotenoids have been revised to more accurately reflect their contribution to nutrition as they exist in foods. This revision results in a reduction in the nutritional value of each of these three nutrients compared to previous nutritional equivalents. Therefore, not using these new nutritional equivalents can result in an overestimated intake of folate, vitamin E and vitamin A.
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Dietary Reference Intakes vitamin a vitamin k arsenic boron chromium copper iodine iron manganese molybdenum nickel silicon vanadium and zinc
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 1998Co-Authors: Paula Trumbo, Allison A Yates, Sandra A Schlicker, Mary I. PoosAbstract:Abstract Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) represent the new approach adopted by the Food and Nutrition Board to providing quantitative estimates of nutrient Intakes for use in a variety of settings, replacing and expanding on the past 50 years of periodic updates and revisions of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). The DRI activity is a comprehensive effort undertaken to include current concepts about the role of nutrients and food components in long-term health, going beyond deficiency diseases. The DRIs consist of 4 Reference Intakes: the RDA, which is to be used as a goal for the individual; the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), which is given to assist in advising individuals what levels of intake may result in adverse effects if habitually exceeded; the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the intake level at which the data indicate that the needs for 50% of those consuming it will not be met; and the Adequate Intake (AI), a level judged by the experts developing the Reference Intakes to meet the needs of all individuals in a group, but which is based on much less data and substantially more judgment than that used in establishing an EAR and subsequently the RDA. When an RDA cannot be set, an AI is given. Both are to be used as goals for an individual. Two reports have been issued providing DRIs for nutrients and food components reviewed to date: these include calcium and its related nutrients: phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride; and most recently, folate, the B vitamins, and choline. The approaches used to determine the DRIs, the Reference values themselves, and the plans for future nutrients and food components are discussed. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98: 699–706 .