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John M Kennedy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project paper 49 becoming an aerospace engineer a cross gender comparison
1995Co-Authors: Laura M Hecht, Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, John M KennedyAbstract:We conducted a mail (self-reported) survey of 4300 student members of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) during the spring of 1993 as a Phase 3 activity of the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. The survey was designed to explore students' career goals and aspirations, communications skills training, and their use of information sources, products, and services. We received 1723 completed questionnaires for an adjusted response rate of 42%. In this article, we compare the responses of female and male aerospace engineering students in the context of two general aspects of their educational experience. First, we explore the extent to which women and men differ in regard to factors that lead to the choice to study aerospace engineering, their current level of satisfaction with that choice, and their career-related goals and aspirations. Second, we examine students' responses to questions about communications skills training and the helpfulness of that training, and their use of and the importance to them of selected information sources, products, and services. The cross-gender comparison revealed more similarities than differences. Female students appear to be more satisfied than their male counterparts with the decision to major in aerospace engineering. Both female and male student respondents consider communications skills important for professional success, but females place a higher value than males do on oral communications skills. Women students also place a higher value than men do on the roles of other students and faculty members in satisfying their needs for information.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project paper 44 becoming an aerospace engineer some thoughts on the career goals and educational preparation of aiaa student members
1994Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, John M Kennedy, Laura M HechtAbstract:Similarities and differences between undergraduate and graduate engineering students in the context of two general aspects of educational experience are described. Considered first is the extent to which students differ regarding the factors that led to the choice of a career in aerospace engineering, their current levels of satisfaction with that choice, and career-related goals and objectives. Second, the importance of certain information-use skills for professional success, and the frequency of use and importance of specific information sources and products to meet students' educational needs, are explored.
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information technology and aerospace knowledge Diffusion exploring the intermediary end user interface in a policy framework
Internet Research, 1992Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, Ann Peterson Bishop, John M KennedyAbstract:Federal attempts to stimulate technological innovation have been unsuccessful because of the application of an inappropriate policy framework that lacks conceptual and empirical knowledge of the process of technological innovation and fails to acknowledge the relationship between knowledge production, transfer, and use as equally important components of the process of knowledge Diffusion. This article argues that the potential contributions of high‐speed computing and networking systems will be diminished unless empirically derived knowledge about the information‐seeking behavior of the members of the social system is incorporated into a new policy framework. Findings from the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project are presented in support of this assertion.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project xxiii information technology and aerospace knowledge Diffusion exploring the intermediary end user interface in a policy framework
Electronic Networking, 1992Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, Ann Peterson Bishop, John M KennedyAbstract:Federal attempts to stimulate technological innovation have been unsuccessful because of the application of an inappropriate policy framework that lacks conceptual and empirical knowledge of the process of technological innovation and fails to acknowledge the relationship between knowled reproduction, transfer, and use as equally important components of the process of knowledge Diffusion. It is argued that the potential contributions of high-speed computing and networking systems will be diminished unless empirically derived knowledge about the information-seeking behavior of the members of the social system is incorporated into a new policy framework. Findings from the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project are presented in support of this assertion.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project paper 11 the voice of the user how us aerospace engineers and scientists view dod technical reports
1991Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, John M KennedyAbstract:The project examines how the results of NASA/DOD Research diffuse into the aerospace R&D process, and empirically analyzes the implications of the aerospace knowledge Diffusion process. Specific issues considered are the roles played by government technical reports, the recognition of the value of scientific and technical information (STI), and the optimization of the STI aerospace transfer system. Information-seeking habits are assessed for the U.S. aerospace community, the general community, the academic sector, and the international community. U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists use 65 percent of working time to communicate STI, and prefer 'internal' STI over 'external' STI. The isolation from 'external' information is found to be detrimental to U.S. aerospace R&D in general.
Thomas E Pinelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project paper 67 maximizing the results of federally funded Research and development through knowledge management a strategic imperative for improving us competitiveness
1998Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O BarclayAbstract:Federally-funded Research and development (R&D) represents a significant annual investment (approximately $79 billion in fiscal year 1996) on the part of U.S. taxpayers. Based on the results of a 10-year study of knowledge Diffusion in U.S. aerospace industry, the authors take the position that U.S. competitiveness will be enhanced if knowledge management strategies, employed within a capability-enhancing U.S. technology policy framework, are applied to diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D. In making their case, the authors stress the importance of knowledge as the source of competitive advantage in today's global economy. Next, they offer a practice-based definition of knowledge management and discuss three current approaches to knowledge management implementation-mechanistic, "the learning organization," and systemic. The authors then examine three weaknesses in existing U.S. public policy and policy implementation-the dominance of knowledge creation, the need for Diffusion-oriented technology policy, and the prevalence of a dissemination model- that affect Diffusion of the results of federally-funded R&D. To address these shortcomings, they propose the development of a knowledge management framework for diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D. The article closes with a discussion of some issues and challenges associated with implementing a knowledge management framework for diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project paper 49 becoming an aerospace engineer a cross gender comparison
1995Co-Authors: Laura M Hecht, Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, John M KennedyAbstract:We conducted a mail (self-reported) survey of 4300 student members of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) during the spring of 1993 as a Phase 3 activity of the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. The survey was designed to explore students' career goals and aspirations, communications skills training, and their use of information sources, products, and services. We received 1723 completed questionnaires for an adjusted response rate of 42%. In this article, we compare the responses of female and male aerospace engineering students in the context of two general aspects of their educational experience. First, we explore the extent to which women and men differ in regard to factors that lead to the choice to study aerospace engineering, their current level of satisfaction with that choice, and their career-related goals and aspirations. Second, we examine students' responses to questions about communications skills training and the helpfulness of that training, and their use of and the importance to them of selected information sources, products, and services. The cross-gender comparison revealed more similarities than differences. Female students appear to be more satisfied than their male counterparts with the decision to major in aerospace engineering. Both female and male student respondents consider communications skills important for professional success, but females place a higher value than males do on oral communications skills. Women students also place a higher value than men do on the roles of other students and faculty members in satisfying their needs for information.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project paper 44 becoming an aerospace engineer some thoughts on the career goals and educational preparation of aiaa student members
1994Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, John M Kennedy, Laura M HechtAbstract:Similarities and differences between undergraduate and graduate engineering students in the context of two general aspects of educational experience are described. Considered first is the extent to which students differ regarding the factors that led to the choice of a career in aerospace engineering, their current levels of satisfaction with that choice, and career-related goals and objectives. Second, the importance of certain information-use skills for professional success, and the frequency of use and importance of specific information sources and products to meet students' educational needs, are explored.
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information technology and aerospace knowledge Diffusion exploring the intermediary end user interface in a policy framework
Internet Research, 1992Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, Ann Peterson Bishop, John M KennedyAbstract:Federal attempts to stimulate technological innovation have been unsuccessful because of the application of an inappropriate policy framework that lacks conceptual and empirical knowledge of the process of technological innovation and fails to acknowledge the relationship between knowledge production, transfer, and use as equally important components of the process of knowledge Diffusion. This article argues that the potential contributions of high‐speed computing and networking systems will be diminished unless empirically derived knowledge about the information‐seeking behavior of the members of the social system is incorporated into a new policy framework. Findings from the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project are presented in support of this assertion.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project xxiii information technology and aerospace knowledge Diffusion exploring the intermediary end user interface in a policy framework
Electronic Networking, 1992Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, Ann Peterson Bishop, John M KennedyAbstract:Federal attempts to stimulate technological innovation have been unsuccessful because of the application of an inappropriate policy framework that lacks conceptual and empirical knowledge of the process of technological innovation and fails to acknowledge the relationship between knowled reproduction, transfer, and use as equally important components of the process of knowledge Diffusion. It is argued that the potential contributions of high-speed computing and networking systems will be diminished unless empirically derived knowledge about the information-seeking behavior of the members of the social system is incorporated into a new policy framework. Findings from the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project are presented in support of this assertion.
James W. Dearing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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applying Diffusion of innovation theory to intervention development
Research on Social Work Practice, 2009Co-Authors: James W. DearingAbstract:Few social science theories have a history of conceptual and empirical study as long as does the Diffusion of innovations. The robustness of this theory derives from the many disciplines and fields of study in which Diffusion has been studied, from the international richness of these studies, and from the variety of new ideas, practices, programs, and technologies that have been the objects of Diffusion Research. Early theorizing from the beginning of the 20th century was gradually displaced by post hoc empirical Research that described and explained Diffusion processes. By the 1950s, Diffusion Researchers had begun to apply the collective knowledge learned about naturalistic Diffusion in tests of process interventions to affect the spread of innovations. Now, this purposive objective has given form to a science of dissemination in which evidence-based practices are designed a priori not just to result in internal validity but to increase the likelihood that external validity and Diffusion both are more likely to result. Here, I review Diffusion theory and focus on seven concepts-intervention attributes, intervention clusters, demonstration projects, societal sectors, reinforcing contextual conditions, opinion leadership, and intervention adaptation-with potential for accelerating the spread of evidence-based practices, programs, and policies in the field of social work.
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applying Diffusion of innovation theory to intervention development
Research on Social Work Practice, 2009Co-Authors: James W. DearingAbstract:Few social science theories have a history of conceptual and empirical study as long as does the Diffusion of innovations. The robustness of this theory derives from the many disciplines and fields of study in which Diffusion has been studied, from the international richness of these studies, and from the variety of new ideas, practices, programs, and technologies that have been the objects of Diffusion Research. Early theorizing from the beginning of the 20th century was gradually displaced by post hoc empirical Research that described and explained Diffusion processes. By the 1950s, Diffusion Researchers had begun to apply the collective knowledge learned about naturalistic Diffusion in tests of process interventions to affect the spread of innovations. Now, this purposive objective has given form to a science of dissemination in which evidence-based practices are designed a priori not just to result in internal validity but to increase the likelihood that external validity and Diffusion both are more l...
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evolution of Diffusion and dissemination theory
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 2008Co-Authors: James W. DearingAbstract:The article provides a review and considers how the Diffusion of innovations Research paradigm has changed, and offers suggestions for the further development of this theory of social change. Main emphases of Diffusion Research studies are compared over time, with special attention to applications of Diffusion theory-based concepts as types of dissemination science. A considerable degree of paradigmatic evolution is observed. The classical Diffusion model focused on adopter innovativeness, individuals as the locus of decision, communication channels, and adoption as the primary outcome measures in post hoc observational study designs. The Diffusion systems in question were centralized, with fidelity of implementation often assumed. Current dissemination Research and practice is better characterized by tests of interventions that operationalize one or more Diffusion theory-based concepts and concepts from other change approaches, involve complex organizations as the units of adoption, and focus on implementation issues. Foment characterizes dissemination and implementation Research, Reflecting both its interdisciplinary Roots and the imperative of spreading evidence-based innovations as a basis for a new paradigm of translational studies of dissemination science.
Rebecca O Barclay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project paper 67 maximizing the results of federally funded Research and development through knowledge management a strategic imperative for improving us competitiveness
1998Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O BarclayAbstract:Federally-funded Research and development (R&D) represents a significant annual investment (approximately $79 billion in fiscal year 1996) on the part of U.S. taxpayers. Based on the results of a 10-year study of knowledge Diffusion in U.S. aerospace industry, the authors take the position that U.S. competitiveness will be enhanced if knowledge management strategies, employed within a capability-enhancing U.S. technology policy framework, are applied to diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D. In making their case, the authors stress the importance of knowledge as the source of competitive advantage in today's global economy. Next, they offer a practice-based definition of knowledge management and discuss three current approaches to knowledge management implementation-mechanistic, "the learning organization," and systemic. The authors then examine three weaknesses in existing U.S. public policy and policy implementation-the dominance of knowledge creation, the need for Diffusion-oriented technology policy, and the prevalence of a dissemination model- that affect Diffusion of the results of federally-funded R&D. To address these shortcomings, they propose the development of a knowledge management framework for diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D. The article closes with a discussion of some issues and challenges associated with implementing a knowledge management framework for diffusing the results of federally-funded R&D.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project paper 49 becoming an aerospace engineer a cross gender comparison
1995Co-Authors: Laura M Hecht, Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, John M KennedyAbstract:We conducted a mail (self-reported) survey of 4300 student members of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) during the spring of 1993 as a Phase 3 activity of the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. The survey was designed to explore students' career goals and aspirations, communications skills training, and their use of information sources, products, and services. We received 1723 completed questionnaires for an adjusted response rate of 42%. In this article, we compare the responses of female and male aerospace engineering students in the context of two general aspects of their educational experience. First, we explore the extent to which women and men differ in regard to factors that lead to the choice to study aerospace engineering, their current level of satisfaction with that choice, and their career-related goals and aspirations. Second, we examine students' responses to questions about communications skills training and the helpfulness of that training, and their use of and the importance to them of selected information sources, products, and services. The cross-gender comparison revealed more similarities than differences. Female students appear to be more satisfied than their male counterparts with the decision to major in aerospace engineering. Both female and male student respondents consider communications skills important for professional success, but females place a higher value than males do on oral communications skills. Women students also place a higher value than men do on the roles of other students and faculty members in satisfying their needs for information.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project paper 44 becoming an aerospace engineer some thoughts on the career goals and educational preparation of aiaa student members
1994Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, John M Kennedy, Laura M HechtAbstract:Similarities and differences between undergraduate and graduate engineering students in the context of two general aspects of educational experience are described. Considered first is the extent to which students differ regarding the factors that led to the choice of a career in aerospace engineering, their current levels of satisfaction with that choice, and career-related goals and objectives. Second, the importance of certain information-use skills for professional success, and the frequency of use and importance of specific information sources and products to meet students' educational needs, are explored.
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information technology and aerospace knowledge Diffusion exploring the intermediary end user interface in a policy framework
Internet Research, 1992Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, Ann Peterson Bishop, John M KennedyAbstract:Federal attempts to stimulate technological innovation have been unsuccessful because of the application of an inappropriate policy framework that lacks conceptual and empirical knowledge of the process of technological innovation and fails to acknowledge the relationship between knowledge production, transfer, and use as equally important components of the process of knowledge Diffusion. This article argues that the potential contributions of high‐speed computing and networking systems will be diminished unless empirically derived knowledge about the information‐seeking behavior of the members of the social system is incorporated into a new policy framework. Findings from the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project are presented in support of this assertion.
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nasa dod aerospace knowledge Diffusion Research project xxiii information technology and aerospace knowledge Diffusion exploring the intermediary end user interface in a policy framework
Electronic Networking, 1992Co-Authors: Thomas E Pinelli, Rebecca O Barclay, Ann Peterson Bishop, John M KennedyAbstract:Federal attempts to stimulate technological innovation have been unsuccessful because of the application of an inappropriate policy framework that lacks conceptual and empirical knowledge of the process of technological innovation and fails to acknowledge the relationship between knowled reproduction, transfer, and use as equally important components of the process of knowledge Diffusion. It is argued that the potential contributions of high-speed computing and networking systems will be diminished unless empirically derived knowledge about the information-seeking behavior of the members of the social system is incorporated into a new policy framework. Findings from the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project are presented in support of this assertion.
Izak Benbasat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrating Diffusion of innovations and theory of reasoned action models to predict utilization of information technology by end users
1996Co-Authors: Gc Moore, Izak BenbasatAbstract:This paper reports on a field study investigating the adoption of an information technology (IT) by end-users. First, based on theories and empirical findings from Research into the Diffusion of Innovations and the Theory of Reasoned Action a model was developed of the factors influencing individual level decisions to use IT. The model was then field tested in a survey of 540 individuals in seven organizations. Results show that the model received good support and that it can be used for understanding the utilization of IT. Both one’s own attitude and the expectations of others influenced the degree to which one used IT after adoption. Consistent with results from Diffusion Research, the most significant perceptions that had an effect on degree of use were ease of use, relative advantage and compatibility.
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Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an Information Technology Innovation
Information systems research, 1991Co-Authors: Gc Moore, Gary C. Moore, Izak BenbasatAbstract:This paper reports on the development of an instrument designed to measure the various perceptions that an individual may have of adopting an information technology (IT) innovation. This instrument is intended to be a tool for the study of the initial adoption and eventual Diffusion of IT innovations within organizations. While the adoption of information technologies by individuals and organizations has been an area of substantial Research interest since the early days of computerization, Research efforts to date have led to mixed and inconclusive outcomes. The lack of a theoretical foundation for such Research and inadequate definition and measurement of constructs have been identified as major causes for such outcomes. In a recent study examining the Diffusion of new end-user IT, we decided to focus on measuring the potential adopters' perceptions of the technology. Measuring such perceptions has been termed a “classic issue” in the innovation Diffusion literature, and a key to integrating the various findings of Diffusion Research. The perceptions of adopting were initially based on the five characteristics of innovations derived by Rogers (1983) from the Diffusion of innovations literature, plus two developed specifically within this study. Of the existing scales for measuring these characteristics, very few had the requisite levels of validity and reliability. For this study, both newly created and existing items were placed in a common pool and subjected to four rounds of sorting by judges to establish which items should be in the various scales. The objective was to verify the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales by examining how the items were sorted into various construct categories. Analysis of inter-judge agreement about item placement identified both bad items as well as weaknesses in some of the constructs' original definitions. These were subsequently redefined. Scales for the resulting constructs were subjected to three separate field tests. Following the final test, the scales all demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability. Their validity was further checked using factor analysis, as well as conducting discriminant analysis comparing responses between adopters and nonadopters of the innovation. The result is a parsimonious, 38-item instrument comprising eight scales which provides a useful tool for the study of the initial adoption and Diffusion of innovations. A short, 25 item, version of the instrument is also suggested.