The Experts below are selected from a list of 56925 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Masayuki Kawamata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ISCAS - Transfer functions of second-order Digital Filters with two equal second-order modes
2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012Co-Authors: Shunsuke Yamaki, Masahide Abe, Masayuki KawamataAbstract:This paper clarifies the class of second-order Digital Filters with two second-order modes equal. We consider three cases for second-order Digital Filters: complex conjugate poles, distinct real poles, and multiple real poles. We derive a general expression of the transfer function of second-order Digital Filters with two second-order modes equal. Furthermore, we show that the general expression is obtained by a frequency transformation on a first-order prototype FIR Digital filter.
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Closed Form Solutions to L 2 -Sensitivity Minimization of Second-Order State-Space Digital Filters with Real Poles
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Shunsuke Yamaki, Masahide Abe, Masayuki KawamataAbstract:This letter proposes closed form solutions to the L2-sensitivity minimization of second-order state-space Digital Filters with real poles. We consider two cases of second-order Digital Filters: distinct real poles and multiple real poles. In case of second-order Digital Filters, we can express the L2-sensitivity of second-order Digital Filters by a simple linear combination of exponential functions and formulate the L2-sensitivity minimization problem by a simple polynomial equation. As a result, the minimum L2-sensitivity realizations can be synthesized by only solving a fourth-degree polynomial equation, which can be analytically solved.
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Synthesis of the minimum L 2 -sensitivity realizations of second-order Digital Filters without iterative calculations
2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010Co-Authors: Shunsuke Yamaki, Masahide Abe, Masayuki KawamataAbstract:This paper proposes synthesis of the minimum L 2 -sensitivity realizations of second-order Digital Filters without iterative calculations. We restrict ourselves to second-order Digital Filters and consider three cases of second-order Digital Filters: complex conjugate poles, distinct real poles, and multiple real poles. We can express the L 2 -sensitivity by a simple linear combination of exponential functions and formulate the L 2 -sensitivity minimization problem by a simple polynomial equation. As a result, we achieve the L 2 -sensitivity minimization without iterative calculations.
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Explicit Expressions of Balanced Realizations of Second-Order Digital Filters With Real Poles
IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2008Co-Authors: Shunsuke Yamaki, Masahide Abe, Masayuki KawamataAbstract:This letter presents explicit expressions of the balanced realization of second-order Digital Filters with real poles. We consider two cases of second-order Digital Filters: that of real and distinct poles and that of real and multiple poles. Simple formulas are derived for the synthesis of the balanced realizations of these second-order Digital Filters.
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Property of the Gramians and Second-Order Modes of State-Space Digital Filters and Their Power Complementary Digital Filters
2005Co-Authors: Shunsuke Koshita, Masahide Abe, Masayuki KawamataAbstract:This paper derives new theorems on the Gramians of power complementary Digital Filters and the second-order modes of Digital Filters. First, it is shown that a positive definite solution of the bounded-real Riccati equation consists of the Gramians of Digital Filters and their power complementary Filters. This result provides derivation of a property of the second-order modes; the values of the second-order modes of Digital Filters are all bounded by the system gain. As an application of this property, the upper bound of minimum attainable quantization effects of Digital Filters is described. This upper bound theoretically emphasizes the high performance of Digital Filters with the structure of minimum quantization effects.
K.k. Parhi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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architectures for recursive Digital Filters using stochastic computing
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2016Co-Authors: Yin Liu, K.k. ParhiAbstract:This paper addresses implementation of Digital IIR Filters using stochastic computing. Stochastic computing requires fewer logic gates and is inherently fault-tolerant. Thus, these structures are well suited for nanoscale CMOS technologies. While it is easy to realize FIR Filters using stochastic computing, implementation of IIR Digital Filters is non-trivial. Stochastic logic assumes independence of input signals; however, feedback in IIR Digital Filters leads to correlation of input signals, and the independence assumption is violated. This paper demonstrates that, despite feedback in IIR Filters, these Filters can be implemented using stochastic logic. The key to stochastic implementation is selection of an IIR filter structure where the states are orthogonal and are, therefore, uncorrelated. Two categories of architectures are presented for stochastic IIR Digital Filters. One category is based on the basic lattice filter representation where the states are orthogonal, and the other is based on the normalized lattice filter representation where states are orthonormal . For each category, three stochastic implementations are introduced. The first is based on a state-space description of the IIR filter derived from the lattice filter structure. The second is based on transforming the lattice IIR Digital filter into an equivalent form that can exploit the novel scaling approach developed for inner product computations. The third is optimized stochastic implementation with reduced number of binary multipliers. Simulation results demonstrate high signal-to-error ratio and fault tolerance in these structures. Furthermore, hardware synthesis results show that these filter structures require lower hardware area and power compared to two's complement realizations.
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architectures for iir Digital Filters using stochastic computing
International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2014Co-Authors: K.k. Parhi, Yin LiuAbstract:This paper addresses implementation of IIR Digital Filters using stochastic computing. Stochastic computing requires fewer logic gates and is inherently fault-tolerant. Thus, these structures are well suited for deep sub-micron technologies. While it is easy to realize FIR Digital Filters using stochastic computing, implementation of IIR Digital Filters is non-trivial. Stochastic logic assumes independence of input signals; however, the feedback in IIR Digital Filters leads to correlation of input signals and the independence assumption is violated. The novelty of this paper lies in demonstrating that, despite the feedback in IIR Filters, these Filters can be implemented using stochastic logic. The key to stochastic implementation is selection of an IIR filter structure where the states are orthogonal and are, therefore, uncorrelated. Two architectures are presented for stochastic IIR Digital filter. Both architectures are based on the lattice filter representation where the states are orthogonal. The first is based on a state-space description of the IIR filter derived from the lattice filter structure. The second is based on transforming the lattice IIR Digital filter into an equivalent form that can exploit the novel scaling approach developed in our prior work for inner product computations. Our experimental results show that the two proposed architectures for stochastic IIR Digital Filters can lead to one to two orders of magnitude reduction in the output error-to-signal power ratio, compared to stochastic implementations using direct-form IIR Filters. Furthermore, for higher-order Filters, while stochastic direct-form structures fail to function correctly, the state-space and lattice based stochastic IIR Digital Filters always filter the input signals in a functionally correct manner.
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architectures for Digital Filters using stochastic computing
International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, 2013Co-Authors: Yunnan Chang, K.k. ParhiAbstract:Stochastic computing has recently gained attention due to its fault-tolerance property. In stochastic computing, numbers are represented by probabilities of sequences. This paper addresses implementation of inner products and Digital Filters using stochastic logic. Straightforward implementations of stochastic inner products and Digital Filters lead to significantly large output error. To overcome this, this paper proposes a novel scaling method for efficient stochastic logic implementations of inner products and Digital Filters. By incorporating the filter coefficients into the probability of the selection signals of the multiplexors, the proposed weighted summation circuit can achieve better signal scaling with lower cost than the one derived from a traditional structure. This paper also presents how to vary the seeds in stochastic Filters in order to reduce the correlation. Implementing IIR Filters using stochastic logic limits possible pole locations. To overcome this, a new stochastic IIR filter structure is presented that includes a binary multiplier and stochastic-to-binary and binary-to-stochastic converters. Our experimental results show that the proposed architecture for the inner-product unit can lead to more than 12 times reduction in the error-to-power ratio. The stochastic FIR Filters can perform the desired filtering function, but their accuracy degrades with the increase of filter order. The direct-form stochastic IIR Filters may fail for large filter orders, but their performance can be improved by using cascade-form filter architecture.
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Design of pipelined lattice IIR Digital Filters
[1991] Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems & Computers, 1991Co-Authors: J.-g. Chung, K.k. ParhiAbstract:A pipelining method in lattice Digital Filters is introduced. This pipelining method is based on a constrained IIR (infinite impulse response) Digital filter design method by which pipelined direct-form Filters are designed. These direct-form Filters are transformed to pipelined lattice Digital Filters. It is shown that the roundoff error and the number of multiply/add operations of the resulting pipelined lattice Filters are smaller than those of the pipelined lattice Filters obtained by applying look-ahead on direct-form nonpipelined Digital Filters.
Wing-kuen Ling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonlinear Digital Filters: Analysis and Applications
2007Co-Authors: Wing-kuen LingAbstract:Description This book provides an easy to understand overview of nonlinear behavior in Digital Filters, showing how it can be utilized or avoided when operating nonlinear Digital Filters. It gives techniques for analyzing discrete-time systems with discontinuous linearity, enabling the analysis of other nonlinear discrete-time systems, such as sigma delta modulators, Digital phase lock loops and turbo coders. Features: – Uses new methods based on symbolic dynamics, enabling the engineer more easily to operate reliable nonlinear Digital Filters – Gives practical, ?real-world' applications of nonlinear Digital filter – Includes many examples, together with Matlab source code available on an accompanying website Nonlinear Digital Filters: Analysis and Applications is ideal for professional engineers working with signal processing applications, as well as advanced undergraduates and graduates conducting a nonlinear filter analysis project.
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Nonlinear Digital Filters - 4 – SATURATION IN Digital Filters
Nonlinear Digital Filters, 2007Co-Authors: Wing-kuen LingAbstract:This chapter elaborates various aspects of saturation in Digital Filters. Nonlinearity due to saturation is widely seen in many signal processing circuits and systems because signals can be guaranteed to be bounded in certain regions. It is found that even for a second-order Digital filter associated with the saturation nonlinearity, it may exhibit oscillation behaviors and the frequencies of the oscillations are found to be different for different filter parameters. The conditions for the occurrence of oscillations are discussed. The corresponding oscillation frequencies are estimated, and the stability conditions for the occurrence of limit cycles are presented. The second-order Digital filter associated with saturation nonlinearity has been briefly modeled in the chapter. For a second-order Digital filter associated with the saturation nonlinearity, the state space matrices of the filter are presented. According to the bifurcation theorem, the frequency of oscillations of the second-order Digital filter associated with the saturation nonlinearity can be approximated by the frequency. The stability of oscillations of Digital Filters associated with saturation nonlinearity is also analyzed in the chapter.
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Nonlinear Digital Filters - 10 – PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF Digital Filters WITH NONLINEARITIES
Nonlinear Digital Filters, 2007Co-Authors: Wing-kuen LingAbstract:This chapter elaborates the properties and applications of Digital Filters with nonlinearities. A possibility of applying Digital Filters associated with two's complement arithmetic in the security communication is presented. It is found that when the pole of first-order Digital Filters associated with two's complement arithmetic is between 1 and 2, the system matrix is unstable and so the Digital Filters exhibit chaotic behavior. One would expect that the state variables might reach any value between the maximum and minimum numbers in the possible region, and uniform probability distribution of the state variable is obtained. It is found that although the first-order Digital filter associated with two's complement arithmetic exhibits random-like chaotic behavior, the possibility of occurrence of the state variable in the region is close to zero. It is observed that to explore the statistical property of state variables and symbolic sequences, Shannon entropies are employed. It is found that since the state variables will converge to zero, and no overflow will occur if both the eigenvalues of the second-order Digital Filters associated with two's complement arithmetic are real and inside the unit circle, the Shannon entropies of the symbolic sequences are therefore zero. The computer cryptography through Digital Filters associated with nonlinearities is also elaborated in the chapter.
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Nonlinear Digital Filters - 8 – TWO'S COMPLEMENT ARITHMETIC IN COMPLEX Digital Filters
Nonlinear Digital Filters, 2007Co-Authors: Wing-kuen LingAbstract:This chapter discusses the two's complement arithmetic in complex Digital Filters. Nonlinear behavior of Digital Filters realized in the normal form is presented. It is found that when the accumulators are implemented through the two's complement arithmetic, then the complex Digital filter associated with two's complement arithmetic can be implemented by the state space equation which has been discussed later in the chapter. It is found that the occurrence of nonlinear behaviors of Digital Filters associated with two's complement arithmetic depends on the realization of the system. It is suggested that chaotic behaviors will occur and the trajectory will neither converge to some fixed point nor exhibit limit cycle behavior. It is observed that chaotic behavior can be avoided if the system matrix is strictly or marginally stable and occurs if the system matrix is unstable. These behaviors are independent of the initial condition. It is found that as the orientations of the ellipses depend on the matrices, the orientations of two ellipses may be different.
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Nonlinear Digital Filters - 5 – AUTONOMOUS RESPONSE OF Digital Filters WITH TWO'S COMPLEMENT ARITHMETIC
Nonlinear Digital Filters, 2007Co-Authors: Wing-kuen LingAbstract:This chapter discusses autonomous response of Digital Filters with two's complement arithmetic. The two's complement arithmetic involves a periodic discontinuous nonlinear function, and the dynamics of Digital Filters could be very complicated even when no input signal is applied. Limit cycle and chaotic behaviors could occur even for second-order Digital Filters. The second-order real Digital Filters are represented by a state space model. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the nonlinear system to behave as a linear system after a number of iterations are given. It is found that once the initial conditions—the filter parameters and the input signal—are given, the state variables and the symbolic sequences can be uniquely defined by equations. It is found that the system would behave as a linear system after a number of iterations if and only if the state vector toggles between two points on a particular straight line of the phase plane. It is observed that the state vector toggles between two states in a steady state on a particular straight line. Several conditions for exhibiting eventually periodic state vector are also presented in the chapter.
P H Bauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new criteria for asymptotic stability of one and multidimensional state space Digital Filters in fixed point arithmetic
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1994Co-Authors: L J Leclerc, P H BauerAbstract:This paper addresses the problem of global asymptotic stability of one-dimensional (1-D) and multidimensional (m-D) Digital Filters with any combination of overflow and quantization nonlinearities. The stability analysis is carried out using 1-D and m-D state-space representations. The approach introduced allows one to determine the stability behavior of single-input single-output systems with overflow and quantization nonlinearities. The new criteria, based on previous stability results of Digital Filters with quantization schemes, are applicable to all arithmetic schemes. For the first time, results concerning general state variable representations of 1-D and m-D Digital Filters with the naturally occurring combination of two's complement truncation quantization and overflow are reported. Furthermore, significantly improved stability regions are obtained for Digital Filters with roundoff nonlinearities. >
Masahide Abe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ISCAS - Transfer functions of second-order Digital Filters with two equal second-order modes
2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012Co-Authors: Shunsuke Yamaki, Masahide Abe, Masayuki KawamataAbstract:This paper clarifies the class of second-order Digital Filters with two second-order modes equal. We consider three cases for second-order Digital Filters: complex conjugate poles, distinct real poles, and multiple real poles. We derive a general expression of the transfer function of second-order Digital Filters with two second-order modes equal. Furthermore, we show that the general expression is obtained by a frequency transformation on a first-order prototype FIR Digital filter.
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Closed Form Solutions to L 2 -Sensitivity Minimization of Second-Order State-Space Digital Filters with Real Poles
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Shunsuke Yamaki, Masahide Abe, Masayuki KawamataAbstract:This letter proposes closed form solutions to the L2-sensitivity minimization of second-order state-space Digital Filters with real poles. We consider two cases of second-order Digital Filters: distinct real poles and multiple real poles. In case of second-order Digital Filters, we can express the L2-sensitivity of second-order Digital Filters by a simple linear combination of exponential functions and formulate the L2-sensitivity minimization problem by a simple polynomial equation. As a result, the minimum L2-sensitivity realizations can be synthesized by only solving a fourth-degree polynomial equation, which can be analytically solved.
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Synthesis of the minimum L 2 -sensitivity realizations of second-order Digital Filters without iterative calculations
2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010Co-Authors: Shunsuke Yamaki, Masahide Abe, Masayuki KawamataAbstract:This paper proposes synthesis of the minimum L 2 -sensitivity realizations of second-order Digital Filters without iterative calculations. We restrict ourselves to second-order Digital Filters and consider three cases of second-order Digital Filters: complex conjugate poles, distinct real poles, and multiple real poles. We can express the L 2 -sensitivity by a simple linear combination of exponential functions and formulate the L 2 -sensitivity minimization problem by a simple polynomial equation. As a result, we achieve the L 2 -sensitivity minimization without iterative calculations.
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Explicit Expressions of Balanced Realizations of Second-Order Digital Filters With Real Poles
IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2008Co-Authors: Shunsuke Yamaki, Masahide Abe, Masayuki KawamataAbstract:This letter presents explicit expressions of the balanced realization of second-order Digital Filters with real poles. We consider two cases of second-order Digital Filters: that of real and distinct poles and that of real and multiple poles. Simple formulas are derived for the synthesis of the balanced realizations of these second-order Digital Filters.
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Property of the Gramians and Second-Order Modes of State-Space Digital Filters and Their Power Complementary Digital Filters
2005Co-Authors: Shunsuke Koshita, Masahide Abe, Masayuki KawamataAbstract:This paper derives new theorems on the Gramians of power complementary Digital Filters and the second-order modes of Digital Filters. First, it is shown that a positive definite solution of the bounded-real Riccati equation consists of the Gramians of Digital Filters and their power complementary Filters. This result provides derivation of a property of the second-order modes; the values of the second-order modes of Digital Filters are all bounded by the system gain. As an application of this property, the upper bound of minimum attainable quantization effects of Digital Filters is described. This upper bound theoretically emphasizes the high performance of Digital Filters with the structure of minimum quantization effects.
