The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yuanhao Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the non linear impact of Digitization on remittances inflow evidence from the brics
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Noha Emara, Yuanhao ZhangAbstract:Due to the impact of COVID-19, it is important now more than ever to analyze the relationship between the improvement in Digitization and the flow of remittances in order to fill the void that has come as a result of stay at home and quarantine orders. Using a comprehensive measure of Digitization that encompasses the commonly used proxies of financial technology (Fintech) and employing a System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) panel estimation methodology on annual data over the period 2004–2018, this paper examines the impact of Digitization, as a proxy of Fintech, on the inflow of remittances for a sample of 34 developed and developing countries. Our analysis provides an interesting case study on Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), known as five emerging markets with a great number of workers out of abroad but below the average level of digital transfers. Using the Digital ecosystem Development Index developed by Katz and Calorda (2018), the results of the paper uncover a statistically significant nonlinear relationship between the improvement in Digitization measures and the inflow of remittances with an exact threshold level. More specifically, our results for the full sample indicate that improvement in Digitization may initially increase the remittances inflow leading to an increase in the stock of remittances received. Nevertheless, once the Digitization index reaches its threshold level further improvement in Digitization tends decrease as penetration increases, giving rise to a decline in the rate of remittances inflow. This result implies that the marginal effect of the digital penetration is larger when at its lower level, before the threshold level. For countries such as the BRICS, with a level of Digitization below the average of our sample, policy makers should apply more aggressive and comprehensive policies to recoup the maximum gains of a digital ecosystem. Hence, our policy implications are directed towards increasing the investments in developing human capacity including carrying different skill development training programs to prepare individuals for the information age, expanding the internet coverage and speed especially in educational establishments, encouraging the use and access of electronic banking by consumers, producers, and governments, and taking cyber security and fraud protection more seriously to encourage the flow of remittances, especially in light of its renewed utility due to the recent pandemic.
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the non linear impact of Digitization on remittances inflow evidence from the brics
MPRA Paper, 2020Co-Authors: Noha Emara, Yuanhao ZhangAbstract:Due to the impact of COVID-19, it is important now more than ever to analyze the relationship between the improvement in Digitization and the flow of remittances in order to fill the void that has come as a result of stay at home and quarantine orders. Using a comprehensive measure of Digitization that encompasses the commonly used proxies of financial technology (Fintech) and employing a System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) panel estimation methodology on annual data over the period 2004-2018, this paper examines the impact of Digitization, as a proxy of Fintech, on the inflow of remittances for a sample of 34 developed and developing countries. Our analysis provides a case study on Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), known as five emerging markets with a great number of workers out of abroad and below the average level of digital transfers. Using the Digital Ecosystem Development Index developed by Katz and Calorda (2018), the results of the paper uncover a statistically significant nonlinear relationship between the improvement in Digitization measures and the inflow of remittances with an exact threshold level. More specifically, our results for the full sample indicate that improvement in Digitization may initially increase the remittances inflow leading to an increase in the stock of remittances received. Nevertheless, once the Digitization index reaches its threshold level further improvement in Digitization tends decrease as penetration increases, giving rise to a decline in the rate of remittances inflow. This result implies that the marginal effect of the digital penetration is larger when at its lower level, before the threshold level. For countries such as the BRICS, with a level of Digitization below the average of our sample, policy makers should apply more aggressive and comprehensive policies to recoup the maximum gains of a digital ecosystem. Hence, our policy implications are directed towards increasing the investments in developing human capacity including carrying different skill development training programs to prepare individuals for the information age, expanding the internet coverage and speed especially in educational establishments, encouraging the use and access of electronic banking by consumers, producers, and governments, and taking cyber security and fraud protection more seriously to encourage the flow of remittances, especially in light of its renewed utility due to the recent pandemic.
Noha Emara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the non linear impact of Digitization on remittances inflow evidence from the brics
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Noha Emara, Yuanhao ZhangAbstract:Due to the impact of COVID-19, it is important now more than ever to analyze the relationship between the improvement in Digitization and the flow of remittances in order to fill the void that has come as a result of stay at home and quarantine orders. Using a comprehensive measure of Digitization that encompasses the commonly used proxies of financial technology (Fintech) and employing a System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) panel estimation methodology on annual data over the period 2004–2018, this paper examines the impact of Digitization, as a proxy of Fintech, on the inflow of remittances for a sample of 34 developed and developing countries. Our analysis provides an interesting case study on Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), known as five emerging markets with a great number of workers out of abroad but below the average level of digital transfers. Using the Digital ecosystem Development Index developed by Katz and Calorda (2018), the results of the paper uncover a statistically significant nonlinear relationship between the improvement in Digitization measures and the inflow of remittances with an exact threshold level. More specifically, our results for the full sample indicate that improvement in Digitization may initially increase the remittances inflow leading to an increase in the stock of remittances received. Nevertheless, once the Digitization index reaches its threshold level further improvement in Digitization tends decrease as penetration increases, giving rise to a decline in the rate of remittances inflow. This result implies that the marginal effect of the digital penetration is larger when at its lower level, before the threshold level. For countries such as the BRICS, with a level of Digitization below the average of our sample, policy makers should apply more aggressive and comprehensive policies to recoup the maximum gains of a digital ecosystem. Hence, our policy implications are directed towards increasing the investments in developing human capacity including carrying different skill development training programs to prepare individuals for the information age, expanding the internet coverage and speed especially in educational establishments, encouraging the use and access of electronic banking by consumers, producers, and governments, and taking cyber security and fraud protection more seriously to encourage the flow of remittances, especially in light of its renewed utility due to the recent pandemic.
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the non linear impact of Digitization on remittances inflow evidence from the brics
MPRA Paper, 2020Co-Authors: Noha Emara, Yuanhao ZhangAbstract:Due to the impact of COVID-19, it is important now more than ever to analyze the relationship between the improvement in Digitization and the flow of remittances in order to fill the void that has come as a result of stay at home and quarantine orders. Using a comprehensive measure of Digitization that encompasses the commonly used proxies of financial technology (Fintech) and employing a System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) panel estimation methodology on annual data over the period 2004-2018, this paper examines the impact of Digitization, as a proxy of Fintech, on the inflow of remittances for a sample of 34 developed and developing countries. Our analysis provides a case study on Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), known as five emerging markets with a great number of workers out of abroad and below the average level of digital transfers. Using the Digital Ecosystem Development Index developed by Katz and Calorda (2018), the results of the paper uncover a statistically significant nonlinear relationship between the improvement in Digitization measures and the inflow of remittances with an exact threshold level. More specifically, our results for the full sample indicate that improvement in Digitization may initially increase the remittances inflow leading to an increase in the stock of remittances received. Nevertheless, once the Digitization index reaches its threshold level further improvement in Digitization tends decrease as penetration increases, giving rise to a decline in the rate of remittances inflow. This result implies that the marginal effect of the digital penetration is larger when at its lower level, before the threshold level. For countries such as the BRICS, with a level of Digitization below the average of our sample, policy makers should apply more aggressive and comprehensive policies to recoup the maximum gains of a digital ecosystem. Hence, our policy implications are directed towards increasing the investments in developing human capacity including carrying different skill development training programs to prepare individuals for the information age, expanding the internet coverage and speed especially in educational establishments, encouraging the use and access of electronic banking by consumers, producers, and governments, and taking cyber security and fraud protection more seriously to encourage the flow of remittances, especially in light of its renewed utility due to the recent pandemic.
Bin He - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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eeg electrode Digitization with commercial virtual reality hardware
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Christopher C Cline, Christopher Coogan, Bin HeAbstract:Accurate spatial co-registration of EEG electrode positions with individual head models is an important component for EEG source localization and imaging. Due to variations in head shape between individuals, this requires measurements of electrode locations in each individual. Existing hardware for Digitization can be accurate, but also relatively expensive. With the goal of making Digitization more accessible for a range of research laboratories, we have developed an open-source software tool that can make use of less expensive consumer virtual reality hardware for EEG electrode Digitization. Here we describe our developed VRDigitizer system and compare it to existing Digitization solutions. Experimental evaluations were performed in a phantom head model and in 12 human subjects. In our comparison experiments, VRDigitizer was able to measure electrode positions with a mean error of 3.74 mm, compared to 1.73 mm and 2.98 mm for the commercial systems tested.
Kathleen Menzies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the discmap project digitisation of special collections mapping assessment prioritisation
New Library World, 2011Co-Authors: Duncan Birrell, Milena Dobreva, Gordon Dunsire, Jillian R Griffiths, Richard J Hartley, Kathleen MenziesAbstract:Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the outcomes of digitisation of special collections: mapping, assessment, prioritisation (DiSCmap), a JISC and RIN‐funded project which studied users' priorities for the digitisation of special collections within the context of UK Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).Design/methodology/approach – The project produced a list of 945 collections nominated for digitisation by intermediaries and end users and a user‐driven prioritisation framework. Data were gathered via web questionnaires. Focus groups and telephone interviews with end users provided additional insights on the views of those working within particular domains or disciplines. Over 1,000 intermediaries and end users contributed by nominating collections for the “long list” and providing opinions about digitisation priorities.Findings – The long list of collections nominated for digitisation provides evidence of identified user interest and is not merely a “snapshot” but a significant outcome. A u...
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discmap digitisation of special collections mapping assessment prioritisation final project report
2009Co-Authors: Duncan Birrell, Milena Dobreva, Gordon Dunsire, Jillian R Griffiths, Richard J Hartley, Kathleen MenziesAbstract:Traditionally, digitisation has been led by supply rather than demand. While end users are seen as a priority they are not directly consulted about which collections they would like to have made available digitally or why. This can be seen in a wide range of policy documents throughout the cultural heritage sector, where users are positioned as central but where their preferences are assumed rather than solicited. Post-digitisation consultation with end users isequally rare. How are we to know that digitisation is serving the needs of the Higher Education community and is sustainable in the long-term? The 'Digitisation in Special Collections: mapping, assessment and prioritisation' (DiSCmap) project, funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) and the Research Information Network (RIN), aimed to:- Identify priority collections for potential digitisation housed within UK Higher Education's libraries, archives and museums as well as faculties and departments.- Assess users' needs and demand for Special Collections to be digitised across all disciplines.- Produce a synthesis of available knowledge about users' needs with regard to usability and format of digitised resources.- Provide recommendations for a strategic approach to digitisation within the wider context and activity of leading players both in the public and commercial sector.The project was carried out jointly by the Centre for Digital Library Research (CDLR) and the Centre for Research in Library and Information Management (CERLIM) and has taken a collaborative approach to the creation of a user-driven digitisation prioritisation framework, encouraging participation and collective engagement between communities.Between September 2008 and March 2009 the DiSCmap project team asked over 1,000 users, including intermediaries (vocational users who take care of collections) and end users (university teachers, researchers and students) a variety of questions about which physical and digital Special Collections they make use of and what criteria they feel must be considered when selecting materials for digitisation. This was achieved through workshops, interviews and two online questionnaires. Although the data gathered from these activities has the limitation of reflecting only a partial view on priorities for digitisation - the view expressed by those institutions who volunteered to take part in the study - DiSCmap was able to develop:- a 'long list' of 945 collections nominated for digitisation both by intermediaries andend-users from 70 HE institutions (see p. 21);- a framework of user-driven prioritisation criteria which could be used to inform current and future digitisation priorities; (see p. 45)- a set of 'short lists' of collections which exemplify the application of user-driven criteria from the prioritisation framework to the long list (see Appendix X):o Collections nominated more than once by various groups of users.o Collections related to a specific policy framework, eg HEFCE's strategically important and vulnerable subjects for Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics.o Collections on specific thematic clusters.o Collections with highest number of reasons for digitisation.
H. Saarenmaa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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high performance Digitization of natural history collections automated imaging lines for herbarium and insect specimens
Taxon, 2014Co-Authors: Riitta Tegelberg, Tero Mononen, H. SaarenmaaAbstract:The Digitization of natural history collections calls for new, efficient solutions. Digitization of millions of specimens, with reasonable Digitization costs and high statistical repeatability requires increased automation and industrial-scale work- flows. However, the variation in specimen form, size and coloring creates challenges for Digitization methodology, pushing development towards optional actions. In this paper, we report the results of the Digitization of herbarium and beetle collections using automated imaging lines. The technology of the imaging lines was based on a common innovation, but the versions used were applied to either 2-D sheets or small 3-D objects. The aim was to develop processes for enhancing the Digitization of natural history specimens, but at the same time, to produce end products with high quality. Results showed that the herbarium and beetle collections could be digitized by using automation at the rate of hundreds or thousands of individual specimens per day. This is 5-10 times faster than the more manual methods of Digitization which were previously used. The produced data, images and specimen label data were uniform in quality and could be viewed within minutes after being produced. Results indicate that the efficiency of Digitization can be raised for different types of natural history specimens by use of automation and well-defined processes, and the increase in production rate does not reduce the quality of the end-results.
