The Experts below are selected from a list of 213 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mikio Kaihara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Generality of the scattering Dilution Method for FT-IR spectrometry ☆
Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 1999Co-Authors: Mikio KaiharaAbstract:The scattering Dilution Method (SDM) was proposed as one measurement Method of powders for FT-IR spectrometry. It was confirmed that SDM was a general measuring Method for powders with a higher or lower refractive index for all cases. In the case of obtaining the IR spectra of powders, although we might not need to use SDM for transparent or non-colored samples, it is worthy to first utilize SDM for colored samples or mixture samples.
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Scattering Dilution Method in Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.
Talanta, 1998Co-Authors: Mikio Kaihara, Yohichi GohshiAbstract:For the measurement Methods of powder samples or muddy samples using infrared spectrometry, we proposed the scattering Dilution Method and scattering filter Method. In our Methods, the fabricating pellets are made by pressing mixed alkali halide powders (KBr/CsI). That is why the Dilution powder's (KBr/CsI powders') packing ratio becomes almost 100%, thus giving the pellets a sufficient scattering effect. These Methods have novel advantages versus transmission or diffuse reflectance Methods although our proposal has much criticism and negative comments.
Cutberto Garza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measurement of milk intake: tracer-to-infant deuterium Dilution Method.
The British journal of nutrition, 1991Co-Authors: Nancy F. Butte, William W. Wong, Peter D. Klein, Cutberto GarzaAbstract:The tracer-to-infant deuterium Dilution Method for the measurement of milk intake was evaluated in twenty breast-fed and twenty formula-fed infants. The isotope Method was compared with conventional direct-weighing techniques. Human milk intake was assessed by 5 d test-weighing. Intakes of formula, supplemental foods, and water were determined by pre- and post-weighing of feeding bottles. An oral dose of 200 mg 2H2O/kg body-weight was given to each infant, and urine was sampled daily for 14 d. 2H enrichment of the urine was measured by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Milk intakes estimated from the deuterium Dilution Method were consistently higher than those from direct-weighing; the mean difference between Methods was 106 (SD 47) g/d or 14% for the breast-fed group and 70 (SD 155) g/d or 8% for the formula-fed group. Estimates of intake for some infants varied substantially between the two Methods of measurement. When the estimated values of human milk intake were corrected for environmental water influx and insensible water loss during breast-feeding, the relative bias decreased to 5%. Correction of the estimated values of formula intake for environmental water influx decreased the relative bias to 1-2%. The acceptability of the deuterium Dilution Method to determine milk intake depends on the goals and the tolerance for error in group and individual intake estimates of a given study.
Yohichi Gohshi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scattering Dilution Method in Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.
Talanta, 1998Co-Authors: Mikio Kaihara, Yohichi GohshiAbstract:For the measurement Methods of powder samples or muddy samples using infrared spectrometry, we proposed the scattering Dilution Method and scattering filter Method. In our Methods, the fabricating pellets are made by pressing mixed alkali halide powders (KBr/CsI). That is why the Dilution powder's (KBr/CsI powders') packing ratio becomes almost 100%, thus giving the pellets a sufficient scattering effect. These Methods have novel advantages versus transmission or diffuse reflectance Methods although our proposal has much criticism and negative comments.
Paul T. Imhoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Numerical simulations to assess the tracer Dilution Method for measurement of landfill methane emissions
Waste Management, 2016Co-Authors: Diane M. Taylor, Madjid Delkash, Fotini Katopodes Chow, Paul T. ImhoffAbstract:Abstract Landfills are a significant contributor to anthropogenic methane emissions, but measuring these emissions can be challenging. This work uses numerical simulations to assess the accuracy of the tracer Dilution Method, which is used to estimate landfill emissions. Atmospheric dispersion simulations with the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) are run over Sandtown Landfill in Delaware, USA, using observation data to validate the meteorological model output. A steady landfill methane emissions rate is used in the model, and methane and tracer gas concentrations are collected along various transects downwind from the landfill for use in the tracer Dilution Method. The calculated methane emissions are compared to the methane emissions rate used in the model to find the percent error of the tracer Dilution Method for each simulation. The roles of different factors are examined: measurement distance from the landfill, transect angle relative to the wind direction, speed of the transect vehicle, tracer placement relative to the hot spot of methane emissions, complexity of topography, and wind direction. Results show that percent error generally decreases with distance from the landfill, where the tracer and methane plumes become well mixed. Tracer placement has the largest effect on percent error, and topography and wind direction both have significant effects, with measurement errors ranging from −12% to 42% over all simulations. Transect angle and transect speed have small to negligible effects on the accuracy of the tracer Dilution Method. These tracer Dilution Method simulations provide insight into measurement errors that might occur in the field, enhance understanding of the Method’s limitations, and aid interpretation of field data.
Nancy F. Butte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measurement of milk intake: tracer-to-infant deuterium Dilution Method.
The British journal of nutrition, 1991Co-Authors: Nancy F. Butte, William W. Wong, Peter D. Klein, Cutberto GarzaAbstract:The tracer-to-infant deuterium Dilution Method for the measurement of milk intake was evaluated in twenty breast-fed and twenty formula-fed infants. The isotope Method was compared with conventional direct-weighing techniques. Human milk intake was assessed by 5 d test-weighing. Intakes of formula, supplemental foods, and water were determined by pre- and post-weighing of feeding bottles. An oral dose of 200 mg 2H2O/kg body-weight was given to each infant, and urine was sampled daily for 14 d. 2H enrichment of the urine was measured by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Milk intakes estimated from the deuterium Dilution Method were consistently higher than those from direct-weighing; the mean difference between Methods was 106 (SD 47) g/d or 14% for the breast-fed group and 70 (SD 155) g/d or 8% for the formula-fed group. Estimates of intake for some infants varied substantially between the two Methods of measurement. When the estimated values of human milk intake were corrected for environmental water influx and insensible water loss during breast-feeding, the relative bias decreased to 5%. Correction of the estimated values of formula intake for environmental water influx decreased the relative bias to 1-2%. The acceptability of the deuterium Dilution Method to determine milk intake depends on the goals and the tolerance for error in group and individual intake estimates of a given study.