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Dean E. Riechers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characterization of multiple herbicide–resistant waterhemp ( Amaranthus tuberculatus ) populations from Illinois to VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides
    Weed Science, 2019
    Co-Authors: Seth A. Strom, Dean E. Riechers, Lisa C. Gonzini, Charlie Mitsdarfer, Adam S. Davis, Aaron G. Hager
    Abstract:

    Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Champaign County, IL, to study a waterhemp [ Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer] population (CHR) resistant to 2,4-D and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-, photosystem II–, acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, and protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicides. Two field experiments were designed to investigate the efficacy of very-long-chain fatty-acid (VLCFA)-inhibiting herbicides, including a comparison of active ingredients at labeled use rates and a rate titration experiment. Amaranthus tuberculatus density and control were evaluated at 28 and 42 d after treatment (DAT). Nonencapsulated acetochlor, alachlor, and pyroxasulfone provided the greatest PRE control of CHR (56% to 75%) at 28 DAT, while metolachlor, S -metolachlor, Dimethenamid- P , and encapsulated acetochlor provided less than 27% control. In the rate titration study, nonencapsulated acetochlor controlled CHR more than equivalent field use rates of S -metolachlor. Subsequent dose–response experiments with acetochlor, S -metolachlor, Dimethenamid- P , and pyroxasulfone in the greenhouse included three multiple herbicide–resistant (MHR) A. tuberculatus populations: CHR-M6 (progeny generated from CHR), MCR-NH40 (progeny generated from Mclean County, IL), and ACR (Adams County, IL), in comparison with a sensitive population (WUS). Both CHR-M6 and MCR-NH40 are MHR to atrazine and HPPD, and ALS inhibitors and demonstrated higher survival rates (LD 50 ) to S -metolachlor, acetochlor, Dimethenamid- P , or pyroxasulfone than ACR (atrazine resistant but HPPD-inhibitor sensitive) and WUS. Based on biomass reduction (GR 50 ), resistant to sensitive (R:S) ratios between CHR-M6 and WUS were 7.5, 6.1, 5.5, and 2.9 for S -metolachlor, acetochlor, Dimethenamid- P , and pyroxasulfone, respectively. Values were greater for MCR-NH40 than CHR-M6, and ACR was the most sensitive to all VLCFA inhibitors tested. Complete control of all populations was achieved at or below a field use rate of acetochlor. In summary, field studies demonstrated CHR is not controlled by several VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides. Greenhouse dose–response experiments corroborated field results and generated R:S ratios (LD 50 ) ranging from 4.5 to 64 for CHR-M6 and MCR-NH40 among the four VLCFA-inhibiting herbicides evaluated.

  • Partial Characterization of Glutathione S-Transferases from Wheat (Triticum spp.) and Purification of a Safener-Induced Glutathione S-Transferase from Triticum tauschii
    Plant physiology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Dean E. Riechers, G.p. Irzyk, Stephen S. Jones, E.p. Fuerst
    Abstract:

    Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has very low constitutive glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity when assayed with the chloroacetamide herbicide Dimethenamid as a substrate, which may account for its low tolerance to Dimethenamid in the field. Treatment of seeds with the herbicide safener fluxofenim increased the total GST activity extracted from T. aestivum shoots 9-fold when assayed with Dimethenamid as a substrate, but had no effect on glutathione levels. Total GST activity in crude protein extracts from T. aestivum, Triticum durum, and Triticum tauschii was separated into several component GST activities by anion-exchange fast-protein liquid chromatography. These activities (isozymes) differed with respect to their activities toward Dimethenamid or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrates and in their levels of induction by safener treatment. A safener-induced GST isozyme was subsequently purified by anion-exchange and affinity chromatography from etiolated shoots of the diploid wheat species T. tauschii (a progenitor of hexaploid wheat) treated with the herbicide safener cloquintocet-mexyl. The isozyme bound to a Dimethenamid-affinity column and had a subunit molecular mass of 26 kD based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme (designated GST TSI-1) was recognized by an antiserum raised against a mixture of maize (Zea mays) GSTs. Amino acid sequences obtained from protease-digested GST TSI-1 had significant homology with the safener-inducible maize GST V and two auxin-regulated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) GST isozymes.

  • Partia1 Characterization of Glutathione S-Transferases from Wheat (Triticum spp.) and Purification of a Safener-lnduced G I u t at h i o n e S-T r an sf e rase f ro m Trificum tauschii'
    1997
    Co-Authors: Dean E. Riechers, G.p. Irzyk, Stephen S. Jones, E. Patrick Fuerst
    Abstract:

    Hexaploid wheat (Trificum aestivum L.) has very low constitutive glutathione S-transferase (CST) activity when assayed with the chloroacetamide herbicide Dimethenamid as a substrate, which may account for its low tolerance to Dimethenamid in the field. Treatment of seeds with the herbicide safener fluxofenim increased the total CST activity extracted from T. aesfivum shoots 9-fold when assayed with Dimethenamid as a substrate, but had no effect on glutathione levels. Total CST activity in crude protein extracts from T. aesfivum, Trificum durum, and Triticum fauschii was separated into several component CST activities by anion-exchange fastprotein liquid chromatography. These activities (isozymes) differed with respect to their activities toward Dimethenamid or 1 -chloro2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrates and in their levels of induction by safener treatment. A safener-induced CST isozyme was subsequently purified by anion-exchange and affinity chromatography from etiolated shoots of the diploid wheat species T. tauschii (a progenitor of hexaploid wheat) treated with the herbicide safener cloquintocet-mexyl. The isozyme bound to a Dimethenamid-affinity column and had a subunit molecular mass of 26 kD based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme (designated CST 19-1 ) was recognized by an antiserum raised against a mixture of maize (Zea mays) CSTs. Amino acid sequences obtained from protease-digested CST TSI-1 had significant homology with the safener-inducible maize CST V and two auxin-regulated tobacco (Nicofiana fabacum) CST isozymes.

  • Initial metabolism of Dimethenamid in safened and unsafened wheat shoots
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1996
    Co-Authors: Dean E. Riechers, E.p. Fuerst, Keith D. Miller
    Abstract:

    The metabolic fate of the chloroacetamide herbicide Dimethenamid was examined in excised shoots of unsafened and safened wheat seedlings. Compared to unsafened controls, fluxofenim treatment increased the rate of metabolism of Dimethenamid to water-soluble compounds. Thin layer chromatography revealed that similar Dimethenamid metabolites were present in extracts from both safened and unsafened wheat shoots. However, three metabolites were more abundant in extracts from fluxofenim-treated wheat relative to unsafened wheat. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to isolate and confirm the identity of Dimethenamid metabolites extracted from safened wheat shoots 1 h after treatment with Dimethenamid. In addition to the presence of the glutathione conjugate of Dimethenamid, gamma-glutamylcysteine and cysteinylglycine dipeptide conjugates, as well as a cysteine conjugate and an oxygenated glutathione conjugate of Dimethenamid, were detected. On the basis of time course analysis of Dimethenamid metabolites by thin layer chromatography and structural identification by mass spectrometry, it appears that from 5 to 100 min after treatment with Dimethenamid metabolism occurs exclusively via the glutathione conjugation pathway in wheat. Thus, the protection conferred to wheat by fluxofenim treatment is most likely due to increased glutathione-mediated detoxification of Dimethenamid.

  • Variability of GlutathioneS-Transferase Levels and Dimethenamid Tolerance in Safener-Treated Wheat and Wheat Relatives☆
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Dean E. Riechers, G.p. Irzyk, Stephen S. Jones, Ken Yang, E. Patrick Fuerst
    Abstract:

    Abstract Glutathione S -transferase (GST) levels were quantified in shoots of wheat and wheat relatives to determine if variation existed for GST levels, with or without treatment with herbicide safeners, and if GST levels could be used as an accurate biochemical marker for wheat seedling tolerance to the herbicide Dimethenamid. Wheat lines and relatives were either unsafened or treated with the safeners fluxofenim (CGA-133205) or cloquintocet-mexyl (CGA-185072). GST levels were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing a maize GST antibody (GST-ELISA) and an enzyme activity assay using Dimethenamid as a substrate (GST-D). In general, the GST-ELISA indicated that significant GST was present constitutively (in untreated plants) and that the two safeners increased GST levels to a similar extent. In contrast to the GST-ELISA, the GST-D assay generally detected little or no constitutive GST-D activity; fluxofenim increased GST-D activity more than cloquintocet-mexyl. Tolerance to Dimethenamid in fluxofenim-safened wheat seedlings in the greenhouse was correlated with GST-D activity ( r 2 = 0.51) but not with GST-ELISA ( r 2 = 0.03). These data suggest that screening wheat and wheat relatives for safener-increased GST-D activity can be used as a biochemical marker to predict and select for increased wheat seedling tolerance to Dimethenamid.

Peter H Sikkema - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Weed Control in Corn and Soybean with Group 15 (VLCFA Inhibitor) Herbicides Applied Preemergence
    International Journal of Agronomy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nader Soltani, Lynette R. Brown, Peter H Sikkema
    Abstract:

    Limited information exists on the efficacy of pethoxamid for annual grass and broadleaf control in corn and soybean in Ontario. A total of 10 field experiments (5 with corn and 5 with soybean) were conducted during 2015 to 2017 in Ontario, Canada, to compare the weed control efficacy of Dimethenamid-P at 544 g·ai·ha−1, pethoxamid at 840 g·ai·ha−1, pyroxasulfone at 100 g·ai·ha−1, and S-metolachlor at 1050 g·ai·ha−1 applied preemergence (PRE). Reduced weed interference with pyroxasulfone and Dimethenamid-P resulted in corn yield that was similar to the weed-free control; however, weed interference with pethoxamid and S-metolachlor reduced corn yield 28 and 33%, respectively. Reduced weed interference with pyroxasulfone resulted in soybean yield that was similar to the weed-free control; however, weed interference with pethoxamid, Dimethenamid-P, and S-metolachlor reduced soybean yield 27, 27, and 30%, respectively. At 4 and 8 weeks after application (WAA), all VLCFA inhibitor herbicides (Group 15) provided excellent redroot pigweed control (90 to 99%) in corn. There were no differences in common ragweed control, density, and dry weight among the VLCFA inhibitor herbicide evaluated; pyroxasulfone provided highest numeric common ragweed control and lowest numeric density and dry weight. At 4 and 8 WAA, pyroxasulfone provided the best common lambsquarters and wild mustard control and lowest numeric density and dry weight in corn and soybean. At 8 WAA, the VLCFA inhibitor herbicides controlled green foxtail 91 to 96% in corn; Dimethenamid-P provided better control of green foxtail than pethoxamid in soybean. There were no differences in barnyard grass control among the VLCFA inhibitor herbicides evaluated.

  • Response of dry bean to Group 15 herbicides applied preplant incorporated
    Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nader Soltani, Christy Shropshire, Peter H Sikkema
    Abstract:

    A study consisting of four field experiments was conducted over a two-year period (2016, 2017) near Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario to compare the tolerance of adzuki, kidney, small red and white bean to four Group 15 herbicides including pethoxamid (1200 and 2400 g ai ha-1), S-metolachlor (1600 and 3200 g ai ha-1), Dimethenamid-P (693 and 1386 g ai ha-1), and pyroxasulfone (100 and 200 g ai ha-1) applied preplant incorporated (PPI). At 1 week after emergence (WAE), pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, Dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone caused as much as 22, 17, 38 and 15% adzuki bean injury, respectively. The injury decreased with time, at 8 WAE, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, Dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone applied PPI caused as much as 3, 4, 12 and 7% visible injury in adzuki bean, respectively. The injury was lower in other market classes of dry bean. At 1, 2 and 4 WAE, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, Dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone caused as much as 4, 2, 4 and 14% injury in kidney bean, 3, 2, 4 and 12% injury in small ...

  • Dry Bean Sensitivity to Group 15 Herbicides Applied Preemergence
    American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nader Soltani, Christy Shropshire, Peter H Sikkema
    Abstract:

    Field experiments (4 in total) were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in southwestern Ontario to compare the sensitivity of dry bean to four Group 15 herbicides applied preemergence (PRE). At 4 weeks after emergence (WAE), pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, Dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the 2X rate caused 5%, 9%, 9% and 14% visible injury in adzuki bean, 2%, 2%, 2% and 3% visible injury in kidney bean, 6%, 4%, 5% and 4% visible injury in small red Mexican (SRM) bean, and 9%, 6%, 8% and 9% visible injury in white bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone reduced adzuki bean shoot biomass (m-1 row) 42% and height 12%. However, the other Group 15 herbicides did not reduce shoot biomass and height of adzuki bean. Kidney bean shoot biomass and height were not adversely affected by the Group 15 herbicides evaluated. S-metolachlor caused no adverse effect on SRM bean dry weight or height, but pethoxamid, Dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone at the 2X rate reduced dry weight 26%, 28% and 28% and height 7%, 7% and 7% in SRM bean, respectively. Pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, Dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the 2X rate reduced white bean dry weight 50%, 37%, 47% and 43% and height 16%, 10%, 16% and 15% in white bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone (2X rate), applied PRE, reduced bean stand count and seed yield 12% and 7%, respectively. However, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, and Dimethenamid-P, applied PRE caused no decrease in stand count and seed yield of dry beans evaluated. In general, kidney and SRM bean are most tolerant, white bean is intermediate, and adzuki bean is most sensitive to Group 15 herbicides applied PRE.

  • identity preserved soybean tolerance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibiting herbicides
    Weed Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Kimberly D. Belfry, Christy Shropshire, Peter H Sikkema
    Abstract:

    Field experiments were conducted from 2011 to 2013 near Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, Canada to evaluate the tolerance of seven identity-preserved (IP) soybean cultivars to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides flumioxazin, saflufenacil/Dimethenamid-P, and sulfentrazone applied PRE; fomesafen applied POST; as well as PRE followed by (fb) POST application. Ridgetown sites demonstrated excellent tolerance (< 10% injury) to PRE treatments, whereas PRE sulfentrazone caused up to 36% injury at 1 and 2 wk after application (WAA) at Exeter. Of the PRE fb POST treatments evaluated, those containing saflufenacil/Dimethenamid-P and sulfentrazone were most injurious to soybean, with cultivar being a further determinant of injury. At Exeter 1 WAA, cultivars ‘S03W4’ and ‘S23T5’ showed 23 to 27 and 45 to 46% injury for saflufenacil/Dimethenamid-P and sulfentrazone when followed by POST fomesafen, respectively. Sulfentrazone application (PRE alone or fb fomesafen) consequently reduced S03W4 yield up to...

  • Halosulfuron tankmixes applied preplant incorporated for weed control in white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
    Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Rene C. Van Acker, Nader Soltani, Darren E. Robinson, Peter H Sikkema
    Abstract:

    Six field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2013 and 2014) to evaluate the tolerance of white bean and spectrum of weeds controlled with halosulfuron applied preplant incorporated (PPI) alone or tankmixed with trifluralin, pendimethalin, EPTC, Dimethenamid-P, or S-metolachlor. Halosulfuron applied alone or in tankmix with trifluralin, pendimethalin, EPTC, Dimethenamid-P, or S-metolachlor caused 2% or less visible injury 1 and 4 weeks after emergence (WAE). Halosulfuron applied PPI controlled common lamb's-quarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, and common ragweed greater than 90% and green foxtail less than 60% 4 and 8 WAE. Weed biomass and density followed a similar pattern. White bean yield with halosulfuron applied alone or in tankmix with the same herbicides was equivalent to the weed-free control.

E.p. Fuerst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Partial Characterization of Glutathione S-Transferases from Wheat (Triticum spp.) and Purification of a Safener-Induced Glutathione S-Transferase from Triticum tauschii
    Plant physiology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Dean E. Riechers, G.p. Irzyk, Stephen S. Jones, E.p. Fuerst
    Abstract:

    Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has very low constitutive glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity when assayed with the chloroacetamide herbicide Dimethenamid as a substrate, which may account for its low tolerance to Dimethenamid in the field. Treatment of seeds with the herbicide safener fluxofenim increased the total GST activity extracted from T. aestivum shoots 9-fold when assayed with Dimethenamid as a substrate, but had no effect on glutathione levels. Total GST activity in crude protein extracts from T. aestivum, Triticum durum, and Triticum tauschii was separated into several component GST activities by anion-exchange fast-protein liquid chromatography. These activities (isozymes) differed with respect to their activities toward Dimethenamid or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrates and in their levels of induction by safener treatment. A safener-induced GST isozyme was subsequently purified by anion-exchange and affinity chromatography from etiolated shoots of the diploid wheat species T. tauschii (a progenitor of hexaploid wheat) treated with the herbicide safener cloquintocet-mexyl. The isozyme bound to a Dimethenamid-affinity column and had a subunit molecular mass of 26 kD based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme (designated GST TSI-1) was recognized by an antiserum raised against a mixture of maize (Zea mays) GSTs. Amino acid sequences obtained from protease-digested GST TSI-1 had significant homology with the safener-inducible maize GST V and two auxin-regulated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) GST isozymes.

  • Initial metabolism of Dimethenamid in safened and unsafened wheat shoots
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1996
    Co-Authors: Dean E. Riechers, E.p. Fuerst, Keith D. Miller
    Abstract:

    The metabolic fate of the chloroacetamide herbicide Dimethenamid was examined in excised shoots of unsafened and safened wheat seedlings. Compared to unsafened controls, fluxofenim treatment increased the rate of metabolism of Dimethenamid to water-soluble compounds. Thin layer chromatography revealed that similar Dimethenamid metabolites were present in extracts from both safened and unsafened wheat shoots. However, three metabolites were more abundant in extracts from fluxofenim-treated wheat relative to unsafened wheat. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to isolate and confirm the identity of Dimethenamid metabolites extracted from safened wheat shoots 1 h after treatment with Dimethenamid. In addition to the presence of the glutathione conjugate of Dimethenamid, gamma-glutamylcysteine and cysteinylglycine dipeptide conjugates, as well as a cysteine conjugate and an oxygenated glutathione conjugate of Dimethenamid, were detected. On the basis of time course analysis of Dimethenamid metabolites by thin layer chromatography and structural identification by mass spectrometry, it appears that from 5 to 100 min after treatment with Dimethenamid metabolism occurs exclusively via the glutathione conjugation pathway in wheat. Thus, the protection conferred to wheat by fluxofenim treatment is most likely due to increased glutathione-mediated detoxification of Dimethenamid.

Nader Soltani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Weed Control in Corn and Soybean with Group 15 (VLCFA Inhibitor) Herbicides Applied Preemergence
    International Journal of Agronomy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nader Soltani, Lynette R. Brown, Peter H Sikkema
    Abstract:

    Limited information exists on the efficacy of pethoxamid for annual grass and broadleaf control in corn and soybean in Ontario. A total of 10 field experiments (5 with corn and 5 with soybean) were conducted during 2015 to 2017 in Ontario, Canada, to compare the weed control efficacy of Dimethenamid-P at 544 g·ai·ha−1, pethoxamid at 840 g·ai·ha−1, pyroxasulfone at 100 g·ai·ha−1, and S-metolachlor at 1050 g·ai·ha−1 applied preemergence (PRE). Reduced weed interference with pyroxasulfone and Dimethenamid-P resulted in corn yield that was similar to the weed-free control; however, weed interference with pethoxamid and S-metolachlor reduced corn yield 28 and 33%, respectively. Reduced weed interference with pyroxasulfone resulted in soybean yield that was similar to the weed-free control; however, weed interference with pethoxamid, Dimethenamid-P, and S-metolachlor reduced soybean yield 27, 27, and 30%, respectively. At 4 and 8 weeks after application (WAA), all VLCFA inhibitor herbicides (Group 15) provided excellent redroot pigweed control (90 to 99%) in corn. There were no differences in common ragweed control, density, and dry weight among the VLCFA inhibitor herbicide evaluated; pyroxasulfone provided highest numeric common ragweed control and lowest numeric density and dry weight. At 4 and 8 WAA, pyroxasulfone provided the best common lambsquarters and wild mustard control and lowest numeric density and dry weight in corn and soybean. At 8 WAA, the VLCFA inhibitor herbicides controlled green foxtail 91 to 96% in corn; Dimethenamid-P provided better control of green foxtail than pethoxamid in soybean. There were no differences in barnyard grass control among the VLCFA inhibitor herbicides evaluated.

  • Response of dry bean to Group 15 herbicides applied preplant incorporated
    Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nader Soltani, Christy Shropshire, Peter H Sikkema
    Abstract:

    A study consisting of four field experiments was conducted over a two-year period (2016, 2017) near Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario to compare the tolerance of adzuki, kidney, small red and white bean to four Group 15 herbicides including pethoxamid (1200 and 2400 g ai ha-1), S-metolachlor (1600 and 3200 g ai ha-1), Dimethenamid-P (693 and 1386 g ai ha-1), and pyroxasulfone (100 and 200 g ai ha-1) applied preplant incorporated (PPI). At 1 week after emergence (WAE), pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, Dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone caused as much as 22, 17, 38 and 15% adzuki bean injury, respectively. The injury decreased with time, at 8 WAE, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, Dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone applied PPI caused as much as 3, 4, 12 and 7% visible injury in adzuki bean, respectively. The injury was lower in other market classes of dry bean. At 1, 2 and 4 WAE, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, Dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone caused as much as 4, 2, 4 and 14% injury in kidney bean, 3, 2, 4 and 12% injury in small ...

  • Dry Bean Sensitivity to Group 15 Herbicides Applied Preemergence
    American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nader Soltani, Christy Shropshire, Peter H Sikkema
    Abstract:

    Field experiments (4 in total) were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in southwestern Ontario to compare the sensitivity of dry bean to four Group 15 herbicides applied preemergence (PRE). At 4 weeks after emergence (WAE), pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, Dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the 2X rate caused 5%, 9%, 9% and 14% visible injury in adzuki bean, 2%, 2%, 2% and 3% visible injury in kidney bean, 6%, 4%, 5% and 4% visible injury in small red Mexican (SRM) bean, and 9%, 6%, 8% and 9% visible injury in white bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone reduced adzuki bean shoot biomass (m-1 row) 42% and height 12%. However, the other Group 15 herbicides did not reduce shoot biomass and height of adzuki bean. Kidney bean shoot biomass and height were not adversely affected by the Group 15 herbicides evaluated. S-metolachlor caused no adverse effect on SRM bean dry weight or height, but pethoxamid, Dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone at the 2X rate reduced dry weight 26%, 28% and 28% and height 7%, 7% and 7% in SRM bean, respectively. Pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, Dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the 2X rate reduced white bean dry weight 50%, 37%, 47% and 43% and height 16%, 10%, 16% and 15% in white bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone (2X rate), applied PRE, reduced bean stand count and seed yield 12% and 7%, respectively. However, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, and Dimethenamid-P, applied PRE caused no decrease in stand count and seed yield of dry beans evaluated. In general, kidney and SRM bean are most tolerant, white bean is intermediate, and adzuki bean is most sensitive to Group 15 herbicides applied PRE.

  • Halosulfuron tankmixes applied preplant incorporated for weed control in white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
    Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Rene C. Van Acker, Nader Soltani, Darren E. Robinson, Peter H Sikkema
    Abstract:

    Six field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2013 and 2014) to evaluate the tolerance of white bean and spectrum of weeds controlled with halosulfuron applied preplant incorporated (PPI) alone or tankmixed with trifluralin, pendimethalin, EPTC, Dimethenamid-P, or S-metolachlor. Halosulfuron applied alone or in tankmix with trifluralin, pendimethalin, EPTC, Dimethenamid-P, or S-metolachlor caused 2% or less visible injury 1 and 4 weeks after emergence (WAE). Halosulfuron applied PPI controlled common lamb's-quarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, and common ragweed greater than 90% and green foxtail less than 60% 4 and 8 WAE. Weed biomass and density followed a similar pattern. White bean yield with halosulfuron applied alone or in tankmix with the same herbicides was equivalent to the weed-free control.

  • weed control in soybean with imazethapyr applied alone or in tank mix with saflufenacil Dimethenamid p
    Weed Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Kimberly D. Walsh, Nader Soltani, Christy Shropshire, Peter H Sikkema
    Abstract:

    Abstract Saflufenacil/Dimethenamid-P is a relatively new prepackaged herbicide mixture that has the potential to provide enhanced weed control in soybean when tank-mixed with reduced doses of imazethapyr. Six field experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period (2011, 2012, and 2013) near Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, Canada, to determine the dose of imazethapyr, applied PRE, that must be added to saflufenacil/Dimethenamid-P (245 g ai ha−1) to provide effective weed control in soybean. The predicted dose of imazethapyr PRE for 80% control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, green foxtail, and velvetleaf 8 wk after soybean emergence (WAE) was 66, 180, 137, and 48 g ai ha−1, respectively. In contrast, when tank-mixed with saflufenacil/Dimethenamid-P (245 g ha−1), the dose of imazethapyr PRE needed for 80% control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, green foxtail, and velvetleaf was reduced to 11, 80, 48, and 18 g ha−1, respectively. The control of common lambsquarters, common ragweed, green foxtai...

Joey K. Ishida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Efficacy and sugarbeet tolerance with postemergence Dimethenamid-P
    Journal of Sugarbeet Research, 2002
    Co-Authors: Charles A. Rice, Corey V. Ransom, Joey K. Ishida
    Abstract:

    Field experiments were conducted from 1998 to 2000 to evaluate crop tolerance and weed control from Dimethenamid-P alone and in tank-mix combinations applied postemergence (POST) to sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) at Ontario, Oregon. In the tolerance trials Dimethenamid-P was applied to four- to six-leaf sugarbeet in 1998 and 1999 and to two- to four-leaf sugarbeet in 2000. Significant (P < 0.05) herbicide injury to sugarbeet was observed in 1998 and 2000 at both 12 and 28 days after treatment (DAT). Sugarbeet injury was not significant for any herbicide treatment in 1999. Dimethenamid-P applied at 2.87 kg ha -1 caused the greatest sugarbeet injury in 1998. Injury in 2000 from tank-mix combinations of Dimethenamid-P at 0.72 kg ha -1 plus desmedipham-phenmedipham with and without triflusulfuron was greater than from Dimethenamid-P at 2.87 kg ha -1 at 12 DAT and similar at 28 DAT. Sugarbeet yield from plots treated with Dimethenamid-P at 2.87 kg ha -1 was less than all other treatments in 1998. In 1999, plots treated with Dimethenamid-P at 1.43 kg ha -1 produced greater root and estimated recoverable sucrose yields than untreated plots or those treated with Dimethenamid-P at 0.72 kg ha -1 . Sugarbeet yields did not differ among treatments in 2000. In the weed control trials Dimethenamid-P at 0.72 kg ha -1 was applied to two- to four- or four- to six-leaf sugarbeet. Dimethenamid-P added to desmedipham-phenmedipham increased late season barnyardgrass control by 34 and 32% in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Late season barnyardgrass control increased 22% in 1998 and 85% in 1999 when Dimethenamid-P was added to desmedipham-phenmedipham plus triflusulfuron. Sugarbeet root yields in plots treated with POST combinations plus Dimethenamid-P ranged from 7.4 to 9.6 Mg ha -1 higher than those same POST combinations without Dimethenamid-P in 1998 and 1999. Sugarbeet root yields were greater (P < 0.1) when Dimethenamid-P was applied with desmedipham-phenmedipham in 1998 and 1999 and with desmedipham-phenmedipham plus triflusulfuron in 1999. Desmedipham-phenmedipham plus triflusulfuron plus Dimethenamid-P applied to two- to four-leaf sugarbeet provided significantly (P < 0.15) greater root yield than the same treatment without Dimethenamid-P in 1998. The trend toward higher root yields was likely due to greater redroot pigweed, hairy nightshade, and barnyardgrass control in 1998 and greater barnyardgrass control in 1999 from Dimethenamid-P.