The Experts below are selected from a list of 285 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Simon Poppinga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
snapping mechanics of the venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Renate Sachse, Thomas Speck, Anna S Westermeier, Max D Mylo, Joey Nadasdi, Manfred Bischoff, Simon PoppingaAbstract:The mechanical principles for fast snapping in the iconic Venus flytrap are not yet fully understood. In this study, we obtained time-resolved strain distributions via three-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) for the outer and inner trap-lobe surfaces throughout the closing motion. In combination with finite element models, the various possible contributions of the trap tissue layers were investigated with respect to the trap's movement behavior and the amount of strain required for snapping. Supported by in vivo experiments, we show that full trap turgescence is a mechanical-physiological prerequisite for successful (fast and geometrically correct) snapping, driven by differential tissue changes (swelling, shrinking, or no contribution). These are probably the result of the previous accumulation of internal hydrostatic pressure (prestress), which is released after trap triggering. Our research leads to an in-depth mechanical understanding of a complex plant movement incorporating various actuation principles.
-
Supplementary Text S1 from How the carnivorous waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) snaps
2018Co-Authors: Anna S Westermeier, Simon Poppinga, Thomas Speck, Renate Sachse, Philipp Vögele, Lubomir Adamec, Manfred BischoffAbstract:The fast motions of the snap-traps of the terrestrial Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) have been intensively studied, in contrast to the tenfold faster underwater snap-traps of its phylogenetic sister, the waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa). Based on biomechanical and functional-morphological analyses and on a reverse biomimetic approach via mechanical modelling and computer simulations, we identify a combination of hydraulic turgor change and the release of prestress stored in the trap as essential for actuation. Our study is the first to identify and analyse in detail the motion principle of Aldrovanda, which not only leads to a deepened understanding of fast plant movements in general, but also contributes to the question of how snap-traps may have evolved and also allows for the development of novel biomimetic compliant mechanisms
-
comparative kinematical analyses of venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula snap traps
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 2016Co-Authors: Simon Poppinga, Tim Kampowski, Amelie Metzger, Olga Speck, Thomas SpeckAbstract:Although the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) can be considered as one of the most extensively investigated carnivorous plants, knowledge is still scarce about diversity of the snap-trap motion, the functionality of snap traps under varying environmental conditions, and their opening motion. By conducting simple snap-trap closure experiments in air and under water, we present striking evidence that adult Dionaea snaps similarly fast in aerial and submersed states and, hence, is potentially able to gain nutrients from fast aquatic prey during seasonal inundation. We reveal three snapping modes of adult traps, all incorporating snap buckling, and show that millimeter-sized, much slower seedling traps do not yet incorporate such elastic instabilities. Moreover, opening kinematics of young and adult Dionaea snap traps reveal that reverse snap buckling is not performed, corroborating the assumption that growth takes place on certain trap lobe regions. Our findings are discussed in an evolutionary, biomechanical, functional-morphological and biomimetic context.
-
different mechanics of snap trapping in the two closely related carnivorous plants Dionaea muscipula and aldrovanda vesiculosa
Physical Review E, 2011Co-Authors: Simon Poppinga, Marc JoyeuxAbstract:The carnivorous aquatic waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa L.) and the closely related terrestrial venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Sol. ex J. Ellis) both feature elaborate snap-traps, which shut after reception of an external mechanical stimulus by prey animals. Traditionally, Aldrovanda is considered as a miniature, aquatic Dionaea, an assumption which was already established by Charles Darwin. However, videos of snapping traps from both species suggest completely different closure mechanisms. Indeed, the well-described snapping mechanism in Dionaea comprises abrupt curvature inversion of the two trap lobes, while the closing movement in Aldrovanda involves deformation of the trap midrib but not of the lobes, which do not change curvature. In this paper, we present detailed mechanical models for these plants, which are based on the theory of thin solid membranes and explain this difference by showing that the fast snapping of Aldrovanda is due to kinematic amplification of the bending deformation of the midrib, while that of Dionaea unambiguously relies on the buckling instability that affects the two lobes.
Alexander G Volkov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
cyclic voltammetry of volatile memristors in the venus flytrap short term memory
Functional Plant Biology, 2021Co-Authors: Alexander G Volkov, Leon O ChuaAbstract:Plants have sensory, short-term and long-term memory. Possible candidates for memory in plants are memristors; resistors with memory. Memristors have been found in seeds, plants, flowers and fruits. The electrostimulation of plants by bipolar periodic waves can induce electrical responses with fingerprints of volatile or non-volatile memristors. Here, we show that the electrostimulation of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) by unipolar sinusoidal or triangular periodic electrical trains induces electrical responses in plants with fingerprints of volatile memristors. The discovery of volatile generic memristors in plants opens new directions in the modelling and understanding of electrical phenomena in the plant kingdom.
-
venus flytrap biomechanics forces in the Dionaea muscipula trap
Journal of Plant Physiology, 2013Co-Authors: Alexander G Volkov, Veronica A Murphy, Shawn L Harris, Chrystelle L Vilfranc, Joseph D Wooten, Henoc Paulicin, Maia I Volkova, Vladislav S MarkinAbstract:Biomechanics of morphing structures in the Venus flytrap has attracted the attention of scientists during the last 140 years. The trap closes in a tenth of a second if a prey touches a trigger hair twice. The driving force of the closing process is most likely due to the elastic curvature energy stored and locked in the leaves, which is caused by a pressure differential between the upper and lower layers of the leaf. The trap strikes, holds and compresses the prey. We have developed new methods for measuring all these forces involved in the hunting cycle. We made precise calibration of the piezoelectric sensor and performed direct measurements of the average impact force of the trap closing using a high speed video camera for the determination of time constants. The new equation for the average impact force was derived. The impact average force between rims of two lobes in the Venus flytrap was found equal to 149 mN and the corresponding pressure between the rims was about 41 kPa. Direct measurements of the constriction force in the trap of Dionaea muscipula was performed during gelatin digestion. This force increases in the process of digestion from zero to 450 mN with maximal constriction pressure created by the lobes reaching to 9 kPa. The insects and different small prey have little chance to escape after the snap of the trap. The prey would need to overpower the "escaping" force which is very strong and can reach up to 4N.
-
energetics and forces of the Dionaea muscipula trap closing
Journal of Plant Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Alexander G Volkov, Veronica A Murphy, Jacqueline I Clemmons, Michael J Curley, Vladislav S MarkinAbstract:The Venus flytrap is the most famous carnivorous plant. The electrical stimulus between a midrib and a lobe closes the Venus flytrap upper leaf in 0.3s without mechanical stimulation of trigger hairs. Here we present results for direct measurements of the closing force of the trap of Dionaea muscipula Ellis after mechanical or electrical stimulation of the trap using the piezoelectric thin film or Fuji Prescale indicating sensor film. The closing force was 0.14N and the corresponding pressure between rims of two lobes was 38 kPa. We evaluated theoretically using the Hydroelastic Curvature Model and compared with experimental data velocity, acceleration and kinetic energy from the time dependencies of distance between rims of lobes during the trap closing. The Charge Stimulation Method was used for trap electrostimulation between the midrib and lobes. From the dependence of voltage between two Ag/AgCl electrodes in the midrib and one of the lobes, we estimated electrical charge, current, resistance, electrical energy and electrical power dependencies on time during electrostimulation of the trap.
-
molecular electronics of the Dionaea muscipula trap
Plant Signaling & Behavior, 2009Co-Authors: Alexander G Volkov, Holly Carrell, Vladislav S MarkinAbstract:Transmission of electrical charge between a lobe and the midrib causes closure of the trap and induces an electrical signal propagating between a lobe and a midrib. The Venus flytrap can accumulate small subthreshold charges, and when the threshold value is reached, the trap closes. The cumulative character of electrical stimuli points to the existence of short-term electrical memory in the Venus flytrap. We investigated the electrical properties of the upper leaf of the Venus flytrap and proposed the equivalent electrical circuit in agreement with the experimental data.
-
charge induced closing of Dionaea muscipula ellis trap
Bioelectrochemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Alexander G Volkov, Tejumade Adesina, Emil JovanovAbstract:In terms of bioelectrochemistry, Venus flytrap responses can be considered in three stages: stimulus perception, electrical signal transmission, and induction of mechanical and biochemical responses. When an insect touches the trigger hairs, these mechanosensors generate receptor potentials, which induce solitary waves activating the motor cells. We found that the electrical charge injected between a midrib and a lobe closes the Venus flytrap leaf by activating motor cells without mechanical stimulation of trigger hairs. The mean electrical charge required for the closure of the Venus flytrap leaf is 13.6 muC. To close the trap, electrical charge can be submitted as a single charge or applied cumulatively by small portions during a short period of time. Ion channel blocker such as Zn(2+) as well as an uncoupler CCCP, dramatically decreases the speed of the trap closing a few hours after treatment of the soil. This effect is reversible. After soil washing by distilled water, the closing time of Venus flytrap treated by CCCP or ZnCl(2) decreases back from 2-5 s to 0.3 s, but higher electrical charge is needed for trap closure. The mechanism behind closing the upper leaf of Venus flytrap is discussed.
Thomas Speck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
snapping mechanics of the venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Renate Sachse, Thomas Speck, Anna S Westermeier, Max D Mylo, Joey Nadasdi, Manfred Bischoff, Simon PoppingaAbstract:The mechanical principles for fast snapping in the iconic Venus flytrap are not yet fully understood. In this study, we obtained time-resolved strain distributions via three-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) for the outer and inner trap-lobe surfaces throughout the closing motion. In combination with finite element models, the various possible contributions of the trap tissue layers were investigated with respect to the trap's movement behavior and the amount of strain required for snapping. Supported by in vivo experiments, we show that full trap turgescence is a mechanical-physiological prerequisite for successful (fast and geometrically correct) snapping, driven by differential tissue changes (swelling, shrinking, or no contribution). These are probably the result of the previous accumulation of internal hydrostatic pressure (prestress), which is released after trap triggering. Our research leads to an in-depth mechanical understanding of a complex plant movement incorporating various actuation principles.
-
Supplementary Text S1 from How the carnivorous waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) snaps
2018Co-Authors: Anna S Westermeier, Simon Poppinga, Thomas Speck, Renate Sachse, Philipp Vögele, Lubomir Adamec, Manfred BischoffAbstract:The fast motions of the snap-traps of the terrestrial Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) have been intensively studied, in contrast to the tenfold faster underwater snap-traps of its phylogenetic sister, the waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa). Based on biomechanical and functional-morphological analyses and on a reverse biomimetic approach via mechanical modelling and computer simulations, we identify a combination of hydraulic turgor change and the release of prestress stored in the trap as essential for actuation. Our study is the first to identify and analyse in detail the motion principle of Aldrovanda, which not only leads to a deepened understanding of fast plant movements in general, but also contributes to the question of how snap-traps may have evolved and also allows for the development of novel biomimetic compliant mechanisms
-
comparative kinematical analyses of venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula snap traps
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 2016Co-Authors: Simon Poppinga, Tim Kampowski, Amelie Metzger, Olga Speck, Thomas SpeckAbstract:Although the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) can be considered as one of the most extensively investigated carnivorous plants, knowledge is still scarce about diversity of the snap-trap motion, the functionality of snap traps under varying environmental conditions, and their opening motion. By conducting simple snap-trap closure experiments in air and under water, we present striking evidence that adult Dionaea snaps similarly fast in aerial and submersed states and, hence, is potentially able to gain nutrients from fast aquatic prey during seasonal inundation. We reveal three snapping modes of adult traps, all incorporating snap buckling, and show that millimeter-sized, much slower seedling traps do not yet incorporate such elastic instabilities. Moreover, opening kinematics of young and adult Dionaea snap traps reveal that reverse snap buckling is not performed, corroborating the assumption that growth takes place on certain trap lobe regions. Our findings are discussed in an evolutionary, biomechanical, functional-morphological and biomimetic context.
Krzysztof Michał Tokarz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Transformed tissue of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis as a source of biologically active phenolic compounds with bactericidal properties
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2021Co-Authors: Wojciech Makowski, Aleksandra Krolicka, Rafał Banasiuk, Anna Nowicka, Jana Zwyrtková, Barbara Tokarz, Ales Pecinka, Krzysztof Michał TokarzAbstract:The Venus flytrap ( Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis) is a carnivorous plant able to synthesize large amounts of phenolic compounds, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and 1,4-naphtoquinones. In this study, the first genetic transformation of D. muscipula tissues is presented. Two wild-type Rhizobium rhizogenes strains (LBA 9402 and ATCC 15834) were suitable vector organisms in the transformation process. Transformation led to the formation of teratoma (transformed shoot) cultures with the bacterial rol B gene incorporated into the plant genome in a single copy. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography, we demonstrated that transgenic plants were characterized by an increased quantity of phenolic compounds, including 1,4-naphtoquinone derivative, plumbagin (up to 106.63 mg × g^−1 DW), and phenolic acids (including salicylic, caffeic, and ellagic acid), in comparison to non-transformed plants. Moreover, Rhizobium -mediated transformation highly increased the bactericidal properties of teratoma-derived extracts. The antibacterial properties of transformed plants were increased up to 33% against Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , and Escherichia coli and up to 7% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . For the first time, we prove the possibility of D. muscipula transformation. Moreover, we propose that transformation may be a valuable tool for enhancing secondary metabolite production in D. muscipula tissue and to increase bactericidal properties against human antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Key points • Rhizobium-mediated transformation created Dionaea muscipula teratomas . • Transformed plants had highly increased synthesis of phenolic compounds . • The MBC value was connected with plumbagin and phenolic acid concentrations .
-
transformed tissue of Dionaea muscipula j ellis as a source of biologically active phenolic compounds with bactericidal properties
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2021Co-Authors: Wojciech Makowski, Aleksandra Krolicka, Anna Nowicka, Jana Zwyrtková, Barbara Tokarz, Ales Pecinka, Rafal Banasiuk, Krzysztof Michał TokarzAbstract:The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis) is a carnivorous plant able to synthesize large amounts of phenolic compounds, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and 1,4-naphtoquinones. In this study, the first genetic transformation of D. muscipula tissues is presented. Two wild-type Rhizobium rhizogenes strains (LBA 9402 and ATCC 15834) were suitable vector organisms in the transformation process. Transformation led to the formation of teratoma (transformed shoot) cultures with the bacterial rolB gene incorporated into the plant genome in a single copy. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography, we demonstrated that transgenic plants were characterized by an increased quantity of phenolic compounds, including 1,4-naphtoquinone derivative, plumbagin (up to 106.63 mg × g−1 DW), and phenolic acids (including salicylic, caffeic, and ellagic acid), in comparison to non-transformed plants. Moreover, Rhizobium-mediated transformation highly increased the bactericidal properties of teratoma-derived extracts. The antibacterial properties of transformed plants were increased up to 33% against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli and up to 7% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the first time, we prove the possibility of D. muscipula transformation. Moreover, we propose that transformation may be a valuable tool for enhancing secondary metabolite production in D. muscipula tissue and to increase bactericidal properties against human antibiotic-resistant bacteria. • Rhizobium-mediated transformation created Dionaea muscipula teratomas. • Transformed plants had highly increased synthesis of phenolic compounds. • The MBC value was connected with plumbagin and phenolic acid concentrations.
Elzbieta Krol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
venus flytrap hkt1 type channel provides for prey sodium uptake into carnivorous plant without conflicting with electrical excitability
Molecular Plant, 2016Co-Authors: Jennife Ohm, Sonke Scherze, Sergey Shabala, Elzbieta Krol, Erwi Nehe, Thomas D Muelle, Raine HedrichAbstract:The animal diet of the carnivorous Venus flytrap, Dionaea muscipula, contains a sodium load that enters the capture organ via an HKT1-type sodium channel, expressed in special epithelia cells on the inner trap lobe surface. DmHKT1 expression and sodium uptake activity is induced upon prey contact. Here, we analyzed the HKT1 properties required for prey sodium osmolyte management of carnivorous Dionaea. Analyses were based on homology modeling, generation of model-derived point mutants, and their functional testing in Xenopus oocytes. We showed that the wild-type HKT1 and its Na+- and K+-permeable mutants function as ion channels rather than K+ transporters driven by proton or sodium gradients. These structural and biophysical features of a high-capacity, Na+-selective ion channel enable Dionaea glands to manage prey-derived sodium loads without confounding the action potential-based information management of the flytrap.
-
media reports about the venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula counts prey induced action potentials to induce sodium uptake
2016Co-Authors: Jennifer Bohm, Elzbieta Krol, S Scherzer, Ines Kreuzer, K Von Meyer, Christian Lorey, Thomas Mueller, Lana Shabala, Isabel Monte, Roberto SolanoAbstract:Media stories about the paper " The Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula counts prey-induced action potentials to induce sodium uptake ": BBC News - Venus flytrap 'counts' to control digestion The Denver Post - You can count on Venus flytraps knowing when to chomp Mid Day Daily - Venus flytraps use math in order to catch prey Nature - Plants count to five Washington Post - The venus flytrap has a really creepy trick for catching its prey/ ScienceDaily - Hunting secrets of the Venus flytrap (hint: They can count) Telegraph UK - Venus flytraps use maths to trap and eat their prey ABC News Australia - Venus flytrap plants can count to five SciNews - Biologists: carnivorous Venus flytraps can count Fox News - Deadly math: Venus flytraps calculate when killing prey The Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula counts prey-induced action potentials to induce sodium uptake
-
the Dionaea muscipula ammonium channel dmamt1 provides nh4 uptake associated with venus flytrap s prey digestion
Current Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Elzbieta Krol, Maria Escalanteperez, S Scherzer, Ines Kreuzer, Jorg Kruse, Franziska Karl, Martin Von Ruden, Thomas MullerAbstract:Summary Background Ammonium transporter (AMT/MEP/Rh) superfamily members mediate ammonium uptake and retrieval. This pivotal transport system is conserved among all living organisms. For plants, nitrogen represents a macronutrient available in the soil as ammonium, nitrate, and organic nitrogen compounds. Plants living on extremely nutrient-poor soils have developed a number of adaptation mechanisms, including a carnivorous lifestyle. This study addresses the molecular nature, function, and regulation of prey-derived ammonium uptake in the Venus flytrap, Dionaea muscipula , one of the fastest active carnivores. Results The Dionaea muscipula ammonium transporter DmAMT1 was localized in gland complexes where its expression was upregulated upon secretion. These clusters of cells decorating the inner trap surface are engaged in (1) secretion of an acidic digestive enzyme cocktail and (2) uptake of prey-derived nutrients. Voltage clamp of Xenopus oocytes expressing DmAMT1 and membrane potential recordings with DmAMT1-expressing Dionaea glands were used to monitor and compare electrophysiological properties of DmAMT1 in vitro and in planta. DmAMT1 exhibited the hallmark biophysical properties of a NH 4 + -selective channel. At depolarized membrane potentials (V m = 0), the K m (3.2 ± 0.3 mM) indicated a low affinity of DmAMT1 for ammonium that increased systematically with negative going voltages. Upon hyperpolarization to, e.g., −200 mV, a K m of 0.14 ± 0.015 mM documents the voltage-dependent shift of DmAMT1 into a NH 4 + transport system of high affinity. Conclusions We suggest that regulation of glandular DmAMT1 and membrane potential readjustments of the endocrine cells provide for effective adaptation to varying, prey-derived ammonium sources.
-
a special pair of phytohormones controls excitability slow closure and external stomach formation in the venus flytrap
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011Co-Authors: Maria Escalanteperez, Elzbieta Krol, Annette Stange, Dietmar Geiger, Khaled A S Alrasheid, Bettina Hause, Erwin Neher, Rainer HedrichAbstract:Venus flytrap's leaves can catch an insect in a fraction of a second. Since the time of Charles Darwin, scientists have struggled to understand the sensory biology and biomechanics of this plant, Dionaea muscipula. Here we show that insect-capture of Dionaea traps is modulated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates. Water-stressed Dionaea, as well as those exposed to the drought-stress hormone ABA, are less sensitive to mechanical stimulation. In contrast, application of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), a precursor of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), the methyl ester of JA (Me-JA), and coronatine (COR), the molecular mimic of the isoleucine conjugate of JA (JA-Ile), triggers secretion of digestive enzymes without any preceding mechanical stimulus. Such secretion is accompanied by slow trap closure. Under physiological conditions, insect-capture is associated with Ca(2+) signaling and a rise in OPDA, Apparently, jasmonates bypass hapto-electric processes associated with trap closure. However, ABA does not affect OPDA-dependent gland activity. Therefore, signals for trap movement and secretion seem to involve separate pathways. Jasmonates are systemically active because application to a single trap induces secretion and slow closure not only in the given trap but also in all others. Furthermore, formerly touch-insensitive trap sectors are converted into mechanosensitive ones. These findings demonstrate that prey-catching Dionaea combines plant-specific signaling pathways, involving OPDA and ABA with a rapidly acting trigger, which uses ion channels, action potentials, and Ca(2+) signals.
-
effects of ion channel inhibitors on cold and electrically induced action potentials in Dionaea muscipula
Biologia Plantarum, 2006Co-Authors: Elzbieta Krol, Halina Dziubinska, Maria Stolarz, Kazimierz TrebaczAbstract:Glass microelectrodes were inserted into Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap) lobes and the action potentials (APs) were recorded in response to a sudden temperature drop or a direct current (DC) application. The effect of potassium channel inhibitor, tetraethylammonium ion, was the lengthening of the depolarization phase of AP. APs were also affected by the anion channel inhibitor, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid, that made them slower and smaller. Neomycin, which disturbs inositol triphosphate-dependent Ca2+ release, caused the visible inhibition of AP, too. Ruthenium red, which blocks cyclic ADP-ribose-dependent Ca2+ release, totally inhibited DC-triggered APs and induced the decrease in the amplitudes of cold-evoked APs. Lanthanum ions significantly inhibited both cold- and DC-induced membrane potential changes. It was concluded that during excitation Dionaea muscipula relied upon the calcium influxes from both the extra- and intracellular compartments.