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Sandra Vacas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mating disruption of california red scale aonidiella aurantii maskell homoptera diaspididae using biodegradable mesoporous pheromone Dispensers
Pest Management Science, 2010Co-Authors: Sandra Vacas, Cristina Alfaro, Vicente Navarrollopis, Jaime PrimoAbstract:BACKGROUND: The control of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), has encountered many difficulties, which has raised interest in alternative control methods. Up to now, the A. aurantii sex pheromone has been used only for monitoring. In a previous work the authors described a biodegradable mesoporous pheromone Dispenser for mating disruption. To verify the efficacy of these Dispensers, three field trials were conducted, and the results are shown in this paper. RESULTS: The study of the release profile of these Dispensers revealed a mean pheromone emission value of 269 µg day−1 and levels of residual pheromone of 10% at the end of 250 days. During the second flight, an A. aurantii male catch reduction of 98% was achieved in the mating disruption plot of trial 1, 93.5% in trial 2 and 76.7% in trial 3. During the third flight, reductions were 94.1, 82.9 and 68.1% in trials 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Considering damaged fruit with more than five scales, reductions of about 80 and 60% were obtained in the mating disruption plots of trials 2 and 3, respectively, compared with an untreated plot, and a reduction of about 70% in trial 1 compared with an oil-treated plot. CONCLUSION: Mating disruption has been found to be an efficient technique to control this pest, working equally well to a correctly sprayed oil treatment. Further studies are needed to improve the determination of the time of Dispenser application and evaluate the effects of the pheromone on natural enemies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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the first account of the mating disruption technique for the control of california red scale aonidiella aurantii maskell homoptera diaspididae using new biodegradable Dispensers
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2009Co-Authors: Sandra VacasAbstract:Semiochemical-based pest management programs have been increasingly used to provide environmentally friendly methods for the control of major insect pests. The efficacy of the mating disruption technique has been demonstrated for several moth pests. Unfortunately, not many experiments on mating disruption to control diaspididae species have been documented. In this work, biodegradable Dispensers for mating disruption with increasing pheromone loads were used in order to study the potential of this technique for the control of Aonidiella aurantii Maskell. Field trial results demonstrated that Dispensers loaded with 50 mg (a.i.) (20 g ha ―1 ) and 100 mg (a.i.) (40 g ha ―1 ) of sex pheromone were the most suitable, achieving significant reductions in male catches, compared to an untreated plot. In treated plots, virtually a 70% reduction in damage to fruit was recorded. Pheromone release profiles of all the Dispensers were also studied under field conditions. We found that emission values > 250 μg day ―1 were the most suitable. This study suggests a new biodegradable Dispenser capable of interfering with normal A. aurantii chemical communication. The use of mating disruption as a control method against A. aurantii is discussed.
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study on the optimum pheromone release rate for attraction of chilo suppressalis lepidoptera pyralidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Sandra Vacas, Cristina Alfaro, Vicente Navarrollopis, Manuel Zarzo, Jaime PrimoAbstract:Traditional chemical control against Chilo suppressalis Walker is currently being replaced in Spain by new methods based on pheromones. A key step to improve the efficacy of these methods is the determination of the optimum pheromone release rate, which is still uncertain for this pest. In this work, the pheromone release profile and the field performance of a new mesoporous Dispenser was compared with a standard commercial Dispenser. For this purpose, pheromone loads were extracted from field-aged Dispensers and quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. In addition, a field trial was carried out with traps baited with one, two, or three mesoporous Dispensers per trap, as well as with traps containing one standard Dispenser. We found that the highest number of field catches did not correspond to the highest pheromone emission rate, which suggests a repellent effect of the insect if the emission is excessive. The results suggest that the attractant activity was maximized by emitting approximately 34 microg/d. The efficacy of the mesoporous Dispenser and its possible improvements are discussed.
Jaime Primo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mating disruption of california red scale aonidiella aurantii maskell homoptera diaspididae using biodegradable mesoporous pheromone Dispensers
Pest Management Science, 2010Co-Authors: Sandra Vacas, Cristina Alfaro, Vicente Navarrollopis, Jaime PrimoAbstract:BACKGROUND: The control of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), has encountered many difficulties, which has raised interest in alternative control methods. Up to now, the A. aurantii sex pheromone has been used only for monitoring. In a previous work the authors described a biodegradable mesoporous pheromone Dispenser for mating disruption. To verify the efficacy of these Dispensers, three field trials were conducted, and the results are shown in this paper. RESULTS: The study of the release profile of these Dispensers revealed a mean pheromone emission value of 269 µg day−1 and levels of residual pheromone of 10% at the end of 250 days. During the second flight, an A. aurantii male catch reduction of 98% was achieved in the mating disruption plot of trial 1, 93.5% in trial 2 and 76.7% in trial 3. During the third flight, reductions were 94.1, 82.9 and 68.1% in trials 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Considering damaged fruit with more than five scales, reductions of about 80 and 60% were obtained in the mating disruption plots of trials 2 and 3, respectively, compared with an untreated plot, and a reduction of about 70% in trial 1 compared with an oil-treated plot. CONCLUSION: Mating disruption has been found to be an efficient technique to control this pest, working equally well to a correctly sprayed oil treatment. Further studies are needed to improve the determination of the time of Dispenser application and evaluate the effects of the pheromone on natural enemies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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optimization of pheromone Dispenser density for managing the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker by mating disruption
Crop Protection, 2009Co-Authors: Cristina Alfaro, Vicente Navarrollopis, Jaime PrimoAbstract:The rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most important rice pests worldwide. Rice is frequently grown in an intensive production system in areas adjacent to environmentally sensitive areas. Therefore, the use of insecticides is problematic and new techniques, including mating disruption, are being introduced. Due to the high cost of pheromones, it is essential to optimize the density of the pheromone Dispensers. The main purpose of this research was to determine the minimal dosage and optimal Dispenser distribution for effective mating disruption of C. suppressalis. To this end, we conducted a wide-area trial to test several Dispenser densities, 31, 25 and 16 Dispensers/ha during 3 years. Results were compared with a standard mating disruption treatment (51 Dispensers/ha) and a standard aerial chemical treatment with tebufenozide. Treatment efficacy was determined by pheromone trap catches and crop damage assessment. The release rate of the pheromone Dispensers was also quantified. The results of these trials suggest that such treatments provide effective pest control even with reduced pheromone Dispenser densities. Longer-lasting Dispensers with lower residual load at the end of trials will greatly improve the efficacy of mating disruption for C. suppressalis. Moreover, an important consideration is that these newly tested Dispenser densities imply a significant reduction in the cost of the treatment. These results are essential in order to expand the use of mating disruption in rice crop protection.
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study on the optimum pheromone release rate for attraction of chilo suppressalis lepidoptera pyralidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Sandra Vacas, Cristina Alfaro, Vicente Navarrollopis, Manuel Zarzo, Jaime PrimoAbstract:Traditional chemical control against Chilo suppressalis Walker is currently being replaced in Spain by new methods based on pheromones. A key step to improve the efficacy of these methods is the determination of the optimum pheromone release rate, which is still uncertain for this pest. In this work, the pheromone release profile and the field performance of a new mesoporous Dispenser was compared with a standard commercial Dispenser. For this purpose, pheromone loads were extracted from field-aged Dispensers and quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. In addition, a field trial was carried out with traps baited with one, two, or three mesoporous Dispensers per trap, as well as with traps containing one standard Dispenser. We found that the highest number of field catches did not correspond to the highest pheromone emission rate, which suggests a repellent effect of the insect if the emission is excessive. The results suggest that the attractant activity was maximized by emitting approximately 34 microg/d. The efficacy of the mesoporous Dispenser and its possible improvements are discussed.
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evaluation of traps and lures for mass trapping of mediterranean fruit fly in citrus groves
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2008Co-Authors: Vicente Navarrollopis, Fernando Alfaro, Javier Dominguez, Juan Sanchis, Jaime PrimoAbstract:Mass trapping has proven to be a powerful weapon in the control of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and its application in Mediterranean countries has currently increased notably as a control method. In this study, the efficacy of newly developed traps and Dispensers of attractants were assessed with the aim of finding the best trap and set the lifetime of the Dispensers, thus improving the total efficacy of mass trapping. Efficacy trials with six different types of traps and six different types of female Dispensers were carried out. Moreover, the lifetime of three female Dispensers, including a new attractant composition Dispenser with n-methyl pyrrolidine, were studied. Results show significant differences among the trap types using female attractants, with an advantage of nearly 3 times more catches in best trap. Tested female Dispensers showed no significant differences in efficacy between trimethylamine and putrescine attractants regard n-methyl pyrrolidine, however we observed differences in lifetime between Dispensers. Thus, there are significant differences among different types of traps and Dispensers in efficacy, and the appropriate selection of the trap and Dispenser will improve the mass trapping results.
Michael Gardam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantification of the hawthorne effect in hand hygiene compliance monitoring using an electronic monitoring system a retrospective cohort study
BMJ Quality & Safety, 2014Co-Authors: Jocelyn A Srigley, Colin D Furness, Ross G Baker, Michael GardamAbstract:Background The Hawthorne effect, or behaviour change due to awareness of being observed, is assumed to inflate hand hygiene compliance rates as measured by direct observation but there are limited data to support this. Objective To determine whether the presence of hand hygiene auditors was associated with an increase in hand hygiene events as measured by a real-time location system (RTLS). Methods The RTLS recorded all uses of alcohol-based hand rub and soap for 8 months in two units in an academic acute care hospital. The RTLS also tracked the movement of hospital hand hygiene auditors. Rates of hand hygiene events per Dispenser per hour as measured by the RTLS were compared for Dispensers within sight of auditors and those not exposed to auditors. Results The hand hygiene event rate in Dispensers visible to auditors (3.75/Dispenser/h) was significantly higher than in Dispensers not visible to the auditors at the same time (1.48; p=0.001) and in the same Dispensers during the week prior (1.07; p<0.001). The rate increased significantly when auditors were present compared with 1–5 min prior to the auditors’ arrival (1.50; p=0.009). There were no significant changes inside patient rooms. Conclusions Hand hygiene event rates were approximately threefold higher in hallways within eyesight of an auditor compared with when no auditor was visible and the increase occurred after the auditors’ arrival. This is consistent with the existence of a Hawthorne effect localised to areas where the auditor is visible and calls into question the accuracy of publicly reported hospital hand hygiene compliance rates.
Larry J. Gut - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimizing aerosol Dispensers for mating disruption of codling moth cydia pomonella l
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: James R. Miller, Peter S Mcghee, Donald Thomson, Larry J. GutAbstract:Experiments were conducted in commercial apple orchards to determine if improved efficiencies in pheromone delivery may be realized by using aerosol pheromone Dispensers for codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella L., mating disruption. Specifically, we tested how reducing: pheromone concentration, period of Dispenser operation, and frequency of pheromone emission from aerosol Dispensers affected orientational disruption of male CM to pheromone-baited monitoring traps. Isomate® CM MIST formulated with 50 % less codlemone (3.5 mg/ emission) provided orientation disruption equal to the standard commercial formulation (7 mg / emission). Decreased periods of Dispenser operation (3 and 6 h) and frequency of pheromone emission (30 and 60 min) provided a level of orientational disruption similar to the current standard protocol of releasing pheromone over a 12 h period on a 15 min cycle, respectively. These three modifications provide a means of substantially reducing the amount of pheromone necessary for CM disruption. The savings accompanying pheromone conservation could lead to increased adoption of CM mating disruption and, moreover, provide an opportunity for achieving higher levels of disruption by increasing Dispenser densities.
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evaluation of novel semiochemical Dispensers simultaneously releasing pear ester and sex pheromone for mating disruption of codling moth lepidoptera tortricidae
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2012Co-Authors: Alan L Knight, Larry J. Gut, Lukasz L Stelinski, Vincent R Hebert, D Light, Jay F BrunnerAbstract:The performance of polyvinyl chloride polymer (PVC) Dispensers loaded with two rates of ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (pear ester) plus the sex pheromone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), was compared with similar Dispensers and two commercial Dispensers (Isomate and CheckMate) loaded only with codlemone. Dispenser evaluations were conducted in replicated small (0.1 ha) and large (2 ha) field trials in apple, Malus domestica (Borkhausen), during 2006 (Washington) and 2007 (Michigan, large plot study only). Data recorded included male captures in traps baited with virgin female moths and codlemone lures and direct observations of moth behaviour in treated plots. Volatile air collections of field-aged Dispensers were conducted under laboratory conditions. Disruption of male catch in codlemone-baited traps was generally similar among Dispenser treatments, except for two instances: lower moth catches with the single and dual-component PVC Dispensers, compared with Isomate, during the first flight in the large plots in Michigan in 2007 and for the dualcomponent PVC Dispenser compared with the CheckMate Dispenser during the second flight in small plots in Washington in 2006. Levels of fruit injury were similar in large plots treated with all Dispensers. Male moth catches in virgin female-baited traps did not differ among Dispenser treatments and were significantly lower than the untreated control. Behavioural observations of adult moths in the field verified anemotactic approaches within 20 cm of pheromone Dispensers loaded with and without pear ester that lasted ca. 15 s on average. Field-aged dual-component Dispensers released pear ester at a >5-fold higher rate than codlemone over the first 8 weeks and this ratio declined to near unity by 18 weeks.
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effect of monitoring trap and mating disruption Dispenser application heights on captures of male grapholita molesta busck lepidoptera tortricidae in pheromone and virgin female baited traps
Environmental Entomology, 2006Co-Authors: Frederique M De Lame, Larry J. GutAbstract:Studies were conducted in 0.07- to 0.18-ha peach and apple plots to determine the effects of pheromone trap and hand-applied emulsiÞed wax pheromone Dispenser application heights on captures of Grapholita molesta in traps baited with pheromone lures or virgin females. Traps and pheromone Dispensers were placed either low (1.2Ð1.8 m) or high (2.7Ð 4 m) within tree canopies. In the majority of cases, equivalent numbers of male G. molesta were caught in traps placed at the low and high positions in both pheromone-treated and untreated plots. Furthermore, pheromone dis- pensers placed at the low and high positions equally disrupted orientation of male G. molesta to pheromone traps placed at either height and to virgin female traps placed at 1.2Ð1.8 m within canopies season-long at most sites. Our results indicate that for trees 3.5 m tall, Dispensers with release rates 18 mg/ha/h placed at 1.5Ð2.0 m (heights easily reached from the ground) should effectively disrupt mating of G. molesta throughout tree canopies. In trees between 3.5 and 4.5 m tall, the Dispensers should be moved to 1.5 m from the top of the canopy. For trees taller than 4.5 m, we recommend hanging Dispensers both in the top and bottom thirds of tree canopies. Most commercial Michigan peach and apple trees are 3.5 m tall. Eliminating the need to apply Dispensers high in the canopy in most orchards will enable growers to reduce application costs, thereby facilitating increased adoption of mating disruption for G. molesta control by growers.
Vicente Navarrollopis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mating disruption of california red scale aonidiella aurantii maskell homoptera diaspididae using biodegradable mesoporous pheromone Dispensers
Pest Management Science, 2010Co-Authors: Sandra Vacas, Cristina Alfaro, Vicente Navarrollopis, Jaime PrimoAbstract:BACKGROUND: The control of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), has encountered many difficulties, which has raised interest in alternative control methods. Up to now, the A. aurantii sex pheromone has been used only for monitoring. In a previous work the authors described a biodegradable mesoporous pheromone Dispenser for mating disruption. To verify the efficacy of these Dispensers, three field trials were conducted, and the results are shown in this paper. RESULTS: The study of the release profile of these Dispensers revealed a mean pheromone emission value of 269 µg day−1 and levels of residual pheromone of 10% at the end of 250 days. During the second flight, an A. aurantii male catch reduction of 98% was achieved in the mating disruption plot of trial 1, 93.5% in trial 2 and 76.7% in trial 3. During the third flight, reductions were 94.1, 82.9 and 68.1% in trials 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Considering damaged fruit with more than five scales, reductions of about 80 and 60% were obtained in the mating disruption plots of trials 2 and 3, respectively, compared with an untreated plot, and a reduction of about 70% in trial 1 compared with an oil-treated plot. CONCLUSION: Mating disruption has been found to be an efficient technique to control this pest, working equally well to a correctly sprayed oil treatment. Further studies are needed to improve the determination of the time of Dispenser application and evaluate the effects of the pheromone on natural enemies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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optimization of pheromone Dispenser density for managing the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis walker by mating disruption
Crop Protection, 2009Co-Authors: Cristina Alfaro, Vicente Navarrollopis, Jaime PrimoAbstract:The rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most important rice pests worldwide. Rice is frequently grown in an intensive production system in areas adjacent to environmentally sensitive areas. Therefore, the use of insecticides is problematic and new techniques, including mating disruption, are being introduced. Due to the high cost of pheromones, it is essential to optimize the density of the pheromone Dispensers. The main purpose of this research was to determine the minimal dosage and optimal Dispenser distribution for effective mating disruption of C. suppressalis. To this end, we conducted a wide-area trial to test several Dispenser densities, 31, 25 and 16 Dispensers/ha during 3 years. Results were compared with a standard mating disruption treatment (51 Dispensers/ha) and a standard aerial chemical treatment with tebufenozide. Treatment efficacy was determined by pheromone trap catches and crop damage assessment. The release rate of the pheromone Dispensers was also quantified. The results of these trials suggest that such treatments provide effective pest control even with reduced pheromone Dispenser densities. Longer-lasting Dispensers with lower residual load at the end of trials will greatly improve the efficacy of mating disruption for C. suppressalis. Moreover, an important consideration is that these newly tested Dispenser densities imply a significant reduction in the cost of the treatment. These results are essential in order to expand the use of mating disruption in rice crop protection.
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study on the optimum pheromone release rate for attraction of chilo suppressalis lepidoptera pyralidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2009Co-Authors: Sandra Vacas, Cristina Alfaro, Vicente Navarrollopis, Manuel Zarzo, Jaime PrimoAbstract:Traditional chemical control against Chilo suppressalis Walker is currently being replaced in Spain by new methods based on pheromones. A key step to improve the efficacy of these methods is the determination of the optimum pheromone release rate, which is still uncertain for this pest. In this work, the pheromone release profile and the field performance of a new mesoporous Dispenser was compared with a standard commercial Dispenser. For this purpose, pheromone loads were extracted from field-aged Dispensers and quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. In addition, a field trial was carried out with traps baited with one, two, or three mesoporous Dispensers per trap, as well as with traps containing one standard Dispenser. We found that the highest number of field catches did not correspond to the highest pheromone emission rate, which suggests a repellent effect of the insect if the emission is excessive. The results suggest that the attractant activity was maximized by emitting approximately 34 microg/d. The efficacy of the mesoporous Dispenser and its possible improvements are discussed.
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evaluation of traps and lures for mass trapping of mediterranean fruit fly in citrus groves
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2008Co-Authors: Vicente Navarrollopis, Fernando Alfaro, Javier Dominguez, Juan Sanchis, Jaime PrimoAbstract:Mass trapping has proven to be a powerful weapon in the control of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and its application in Mediterranean countries has currently increased notably as a control method. In this study, the efficacy of newly developed traps and Dispensers of attractants were assessed with the aim of finding the best trap and set the lifetime of the Dispensers, thus improving the total efficacy of mass trapping. Efficacy trials with six different types of traps and six different types of female Dispensers were carried out. Moreover, the lifetime of three female Dispensers, including a new attractant composition Dispenser with n-methyl pyrrolidine, were studied. Results show significant differences among the trap types using female attractants, with an advantage of nearly 3 times more catches in best trap. Tested female Dispensers showed no significant differences in efficacy between trimethylamine and putrescine attractants regard n-methyl pyrrolidine, however we observed differences in lifetime between Dispensers. Thus, there are significant differences among different types of traps and Dispensers in efficacy, and the appropriate selection of the trap and Dispenser will improve the mass trapping results.