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Michael D Petraglia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heading north late pleistocene environments and human Dispersals in central and eastern asia
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Nils Vanwezer, Michael D Petraglia, Nicole Boivin, Xing Gao, Florian Ott, Patrick RobertsAbstract:The adaptability of our species, as revealed by the geographic routes and palaeoenvironmental contexts of human Dispersal beyond Africa, is a prominent topic in archaeology and palaeoanthropology. Northern and Central Asia have largely been neglected as it has been assumed that the deserts and mountain ranges of these regions acted as 'barriers', forcing human populations to arc north into temperate and arctic Siberia. Here, we test this proposition by constructing Least Cost Path models of human Dispersal under glacial and interstadial conditions between prominent archaeological sites in Central and East Asia. Incorporating information from palaeoclimatic, palaeolake, and archaeological data, we demonstrate that regions such as the Gobi Desert and the Altai Mountain chains could have periodically acted as corridors and routes for human Dispersals and framing biological interactions between hominin populations. Review of the archaeological datasets in these regions indicates the necessity of wide-scale archaeological survey and excavations in many poorly documented parts of Eurasia. We argue that such work is likely to highlight the 'northern routes' of human Dispersal as variable, yet crucial, foci for understanding the extreme adaptive plasticity characteristic of the emergence of Homo sapiens as a global species, as well as the cultural and biological hybridization of the diverse hominin species present in Asia during the Late Pleistocene.
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stone tool assemblages and models for the Dispersal of homo sapiens out of africa
Quaternary International, 2015Co-Authors: Huw S Groucutt, Eleanor M L Scerri, L H Lewis, Laine Clarkbalzan, James Blinkhorn, Richard P Jennings, Ash Parton, Michael D PetragliaAbstract:Abstract The Dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa has been extensively researched across several disciplines. Here we review the evidence for spatial and temporal variability in lithic (stone tool) technologies relative to the predictions of two major hypotheses: 1) that a single successful Dispersal occurred 60–50 thousand years ago (ka), marked by a trail of geometric/microlithic technologies, and 2) that multiple Dispersals occurred, beginning much earlier (probably in Marine Isotope Stage [MIS] 5), associated with Middle Palaeolithic technology in its early phase. Our results show that Late Pleistocene geometric/microlithic technologies exhibit significant temporal and regional differences between each other. These differences suggest independent, convergent origins for these technologies, which are likely to have been repeatedly re-invented. In contrast, we identify similarities between East African lithic technologies from MIS 8 onwards and Middle Palaeolithic assemblages as far east as India by MIS 5. That this constellation of technological features – particularly an emphasis on centripetal Levallois reduction reflecting interchangeable preferential and recurrent methods, along with particular retouched forms such as points – transcends ecologies and raw material types suggests that it is unlikely to entirely reflect technological convergence (analogy). Our results indicate an early onset of multiple Dispersals out of Africa. The hypothesis of an early onset to successful Dispersal is entirely consistent with the possibility of further subsequent (post-MIS 5) Dispersals out of Africa. Testing such hypotheses through quantified comparative lithic studies and interdisciplinary research is therefore likely to significantly advance understanding of the earliest H. sapiens Dispersals.
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out of africa new hypotheses and evidence for the Dispersal of homo sapiens along the indian ocean rim
Annals of Human Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Michael D Petraglia, Nicole Boivin, Michael Haslam, Dorian Q Fuller, Chris ClarksonAbstract:AbstractThe Dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa is a significant topic in human evolutionary studies. Most investigators agree that our species arose in Africa and subsequently spread out to occupy much of Eurasia. Researchers have argued that populations expanded along the Indian Ocean rim at ca 60 000 years ago during a single rapid Dispersal event, probably employing a coastal route towards Australasia. Archaeologists have been relatively silent about the movement and expansion of human populations in terrestrial environments along the Indian Ocean rim, although it is clear that Homo sapiens reached Australia by ca 45 000 years ago. Here, we synthesize and document current genetic and archaeological evidence from two major landmasses, the Arabian peninsula and the Indian subcontinent, regions that have been underplayed in the story of out of Africa Dispersals. We suggest that modern humans were present in Arabia and South Asia earlier than currently believed, and probably coincident with the presen...
Patrick Roberts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heading north late pleistocene environments and human Dispersals in central and eastern asia
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Nils Vanwezer, Michael D Petraglia, Nicole Boivin, Xing Gao, Florian Ott, Patrick RobertsAbstract:The adaptability of our species, as revealed by the geographic routes and palaeoenvironmental contexts of human Dispersal beyond Africa, is a prominent topic in archaeology and palaeoanthropology. Northern and Central Asia have largely been neglected as it has been assumed that the deserts and mountain ranges of these regions acted as 'barriers', forcing human populations to arc north into temperate and arctic Siberia. Here, we test this proposition by constructing Least Cost Path models of human Dispersal under glacial and interstadial conditions between prominent archaeological sites in Central and East Asia. Incorporating information from palaeoclimatic, palaeolake, and archaeological data, we demonstrate that regions such as the Gobi Desert and the Altai Mountain chains could have periodically acted as corridors and routes for human Dispersals and framing biological interactions between hominin populations. Review of the archaeological datasets in these regions indicates the necessity of wide-scale archaeological survey and excavations in many poorly documented parts of Eurasia. We argue that such work is likely to highlight the 'northern routes' of human Dispersal as variable, yet crucial, foci for understanding the extreme adaptive plasticity characteristic of the emergence of Homo sapiens as a global species, as well as the cultural and biological hybridization of the diverse hominin species present in Asia during the Late Pleistocene.
Rod A Wing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic control of seed shattering during african rice domestication
Nature plants, 2018Co-Authors: Shuwei Lv, Yongcai Fu, Wenguang Wu, Rachel S Meyer, Marie Noelle Ndjiondjop, Muhua Wang, Haiying Zhou, Jianwei Zhang, Rod A WingAbstract:Domestication represents a unique opportunity to study the evolutionary process. The elimination of seed Dispersal traits was a key step in the evolution of cereal crops under domestication. Here, we show that ObSH3, a YABBY transcription factor, is required for the development of the seed abscission layer. Moreover, selecting a genomic segment deletion containing SH3 resulted in the loss of seed Dispersal in populations of African cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.). Functional characterization of SH3 and SH4 (another gene controlling seed shattering on chromosome 4) revealed that multiple genes can lead to a spectrum of non-shattering phenotypes, affecting other traits such as ease of threshing that may be important to tune across different agroecologies and postharvest practices. The molecular evolution analyses of SH3 and SH4 in a panel of 93 landraces provided unprecedented geographical detail of the domestication history of African rice, tracing multiple Dispersals from a core heartland and introgression from local wild rice. The cloning of ObSH3 not only provides new insights into a critical crop domestication process but also adds to the body of knowledge on the molecular mechanism of seed Dispersal. Seed shattering is eliminated to facilitate harvest during African rice domestication, and the SH4 gene is known to play a role. New evidence now suggests that another gene, SH3, also regulates shattering during the domestication of African rice.
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genetic control of seed shattering during african rice domestication
Nature plants, 2018Co-Authors: Muhua Wang, Rachel S Meyer, Marie Noelle Ndjiondjop, Haiying Zhou, Rod A Wing, Jianwei Zhang, Hongwei Cai, Chuanqing Sun, Lubin Tan, Zuofeng ZhuAbstract:Domestication represents a unique opportunity to study the evolutionary process. The elimination of seed Dispersal traits was a key step in the evolution of cereal crops under domestication. Here, we show that ObSH3, a YABBY transcription factor, is required for the development of the seed abscission layer. Moreover, selecting a genomic segment deletion containing SH3 resulted in the loss of seed Dispersal in populations of African cultivated rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.). Functional characterization of SH3 and SH4 (another gene controlling seed shattering on chromosome 4) revealed that multiple genes can lead to a spectrum of non-shattering phenotypes, affecting other traits such as ease of threshing that may be important to tune across different agroecologies and postharvest practices. The molecular evolution analyses of SH3 and SH4 in a panel of 93 landraces provided unprecedented geographical detail of the domestication history of African rice, tracing multiple Dispersals from a core heartland and introgression from local wild rice. The cloning of ObSH3 not only provides new insights into a critical crop domestication process but also adds to the body of knowledge on the molecular mechanism of seed Dispersal.
Greger Larson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the pigs of island southeast asia and the pacific new evidence for taxonomic status and human mediated Dispersal
Asian Perspectives, 2008Co-Authors: Keith Dobney, Thomas Cucchi, Greger LarsonAbstract:This paper undertakes a major survey of the genus Sus from Island Southeast Asia and specifically attempts to re-examine the taxonomic status of the pigs of Wallacea, in order to re-evaluate the complex evidence for human mediated Dispersal. This was undertaken using the combined approach of tooth outline and mitochondrial DNA analysis. The data provide clear evidence for three Dispersal events: The first involved domesticated pigs, originating from wild Sus scrofa stock in mainland Southeast Asia, being introduced to the Greater and Lesser Sunda Islands, to the Mollucas, New Guinea, and Oceania. Archaeological specimens clearly link these pigs with the Lapita and subsequent Polynesian Dispersals. Since the pigs on New Guinea are specifically linked with this Dispersal, it follows that the current wild populations of the island must be the feral descendants of introduced domestic pigs from mainland Southeast Asia, which came into New Guinea via the Lesser Sunda Islands. A second Dispersal event also involved domesticated pigs (this time from wild Sus scrofa populations from mainland East Asia), introduced to the Philippines and Micronesia, while a third involved the endemic warty pig of Sulawesi (Sus celebensis), which data from Liang Bua cave shows was introduced to Flores perhaps as early as 7000 B.C.
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phylogeny and ancient dna of sus provides insights into neolithic expansion in island southeast asia and oceania
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007Co-Authors: Atholl Anderson, Matthew Spriggs, Greger Larson, Thomas Cucchi, Masakatsu Fujita, Elizabeth Matisoosmith, Judith H Robins, Barry V Rolett, Gaynor DolmanAbstract:Human settlement of Oceania marked the culmination of a global colonization process that began when humans first left Africa at least 90,000 years ago. The precise origins and Dispersal routes of the Austronesian peoples and the associated Lapita culture remain contentious, and numerous disparate models of Dispersal (based primarily on linguistic, genetic, and archeological data) have been proposed. Here, through the use of mtDNA from 781 modern and ancient Sus specimens, we provide evidence for an early human-mediated translocation of the Sulawesi warty pig (Sus celebensis) to Flores and Timor and two later separate human-mediated Dispersals of domestic pig (Sus scrofa) through Island Southeast Asia into Oceania. Of the later Dispersal routes, one is unequivocally associated with the Neolithic (Lapita) and later Polynesian migrations and links modern and archeological Javan, Sumatran, Wallacean, and Oceanic pigs with mainland Southeast Asian S. scrofa. Archeological and genetic evidence shows these pigs were certainly introduced to islands east of the Wallace Line, including New Guinea, and that so-called "wild" pigs within this region are most likely feral descendants of domestic pigs introduced by early agriculturalists. The other later pig Dispersal links mainland East Asian pigs to western Micronesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. These results provide important data with which to test current models for human Dispersal in the region.
Norman C Duke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogeographic pattern of rhizophora rhizophoraceae reveals the importance of both vicariance and long distance oceanic Dispersal to modern mangrove distribution
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Eugenia Y Y Lo, Norman C DukeAbstract:Background: Mangroves are key components of coastal ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. However, the patterns and mechanisms of modern distribution of mangroves are still not well understood. Historical vicariance and Dispersal are two hypothetic biogeographic processes in shaping the patterns of present-day species distributions. Here we investigate evolutionary biogeography of mangroves in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) and western Atlantic-East Pacific (AEP) regions using a large sample of populations of Rhizophora (the most representative mangrove genus) and a combination of chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences and genome-wide ISSR markers. Results: Our comparative analyses of biogeographic patterns amongst Rhizophora taxa worldwide support the hypothesis that ancient Dispersals along the Tethys Seaway and subsequent vicariant events that divided the IWP and AEP lineages resulted in the major disjunctions. We dated the deep split between the Old and New World lineages to early Eocene based on fossil calibration and geological and tectonic changes. Our data also provide evidence for other vicariant processes within the Indo-West Pacific region in separating conspecific lineages of SE Asia and Australia-Pacific at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Close genetic affinities exist between extant Fijian and American lineages; East African and Australian lineages; and Australian and Pacific lineages; indicating relatively more recent oceanic long-distance Dispersal events. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that neither vicariance nor Dispersal alone could explain the observed global occurrences of Rhizophora, but a combination of vicariant events and oceanic long-distance Dispersals can account for historical diversification and present-day biogeographic patterns of mangroves.
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phylogeographic pattern of rhizophora rhizophoraceae reveals the importance of both vicariance and long distance oceanic Dispersal to modern mangrove distribution
BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Norman C Duke, Mei SunAbstract:Mangroves are key components of coastal ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. However, the patterns and mechanisms of modern distribution of mangroves are still not well understood. Historical vicariance and Dispersal are two hypothetic biogeographic processes in shaping the patterns of present-day species distributions. Here we investigate evolutionary biogeography of mangroves in the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) and western Atlantic-East Pacific (AEP) regions using a large sample of populations of Rhizophora (the most representative mangrove genus) and a combination of chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences and genome-wide ISSR markers. Our comparative analyses of biogeographic patterns amongst Rhizophora taxa worldwide support the hypothesis that ancient Dispersals along the Tethys Seaway and subsequent vicariant events that divided the IWP and AEP lineages resulted in the major disjunctions. We dated the deep split between the Old and New World lineages to early Eocene based on fossil calibration and geological and tectonic changes. Our data also provide evidence for other vicariant processes within the Indo-West Pacific region in separating conspecific lineages of SE Asia and Australia-Pacific at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Close genetic affinities exist between extant Fijian and American lineages; East African and Australian lineages; and Australian and Pacific lineages; indicating relatively more recent oceanic long-distance Dispersal events. Our study demonstrates that neither vicariance nor Dispersal alone could explain the observed global occurrences of Rhizophora, but a combination of vicariant events and oceanic long-distance Dispersals can account for historical diversification and present-day biogeographic patterns of mangroves.
