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м гуль - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • феномен пограниччя соціокультурний аспект Phenomenon of pogranichchya sociocultural aspect
    2012
    Co-Authors: м гуль
    Abstract:

    У статті досліджується феноме6н пограниччя як соціокультурний феномен. Висвітлюються історія вивчення кордонів і пограниччя. Розглянуто концептуалізацію феномену пограниччя, визначено його соціокультурну специфіку та динаміку. первинні напрямки діяльності та головні завдання відновленої організації. Встановлено, що пограниччя є певним регіоном з соціальною, культурною, економічною, політичною специфікою та дуже багатоманітним феноменом. З’ясовано, що поліваріантність пограниччя визначається характером кордону. (The article examines fenome6n frontier as a sociocultural Phenomenon. Highlights the history of the study of borders and borderlands. Conceptualization of the Phenomenon are considered frontier, its socio-cultural specificity and dynamics. primary activities and the main task of the restored organization. Established that the frontier is a certain area of social, cultural, economic, political specificity and very Diverse Phenomenon. It was found that polivariantnist frontier determined by the nature of the border.)

Nousiainen Sini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Levodopan aiheuttamien dyskinesioiden nykyiset ja kehitteillä olevat hoitomuodot
    Helsingin yliopisto, 2016
    Co-Authors: Nousiainen Sini
    Abstract:

    Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where dopaminergic neurons die in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Dopamine depletion induces typical parkinsonian motor symptoms which are treated by the golden standard medication levodopa and compounds enhancing the effect of levodopa. However in 4-6 years after the initiation of the chronic levodopa therapy abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs, also called levodopa-induced dyskinesia, LID) often develop and can notably worsen the quality of life. The most effective treatment for LID is deep brain stimulation (DBS), but as an invasive method its use is rare and not suitable for all patients. To date the only effective therapy for LID with marketing authorisation is amantadine. The disadvantage of amantadine is loss of efficacy which might appear less than a year after the initiation of medication. The pathophysiology of LID is a Diverse Phenomenon and includes dysfunctions in several different neurotransmitter systems both in the basal ganglia and in surrounding brain areas. The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the pathophysiology of LID has been studied recently. Both nicotine and several nicotine-like agents have been shown to alleviate LID in preclinical studies and nicotine itself has been tested in a clinical phase II study as a potential LID medication. Of various different nAChR subtypes, the α7 receptor seems to be a potential option for future therapy of LID. It has been shown that α7 nAChR knock out mice display an increase in LID suggesting that this nicotinic receptor subtype has an inhibitory impact on the development of LID. Other studies have confirmed this view by showing that a selective α7 nAChR agonist (ABT-107) alleviates LID in primates and is neuroprotective for dopaminergic neurons in rats. Based on these observations, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of a novel α7 nAChR agonist (AZD0328) on LID in a 6-OHDA mouse model of Parkinson's disease. C57BL/6J female mice (n=17) were injected unilaterally 6-OHDA solution (3 µg) into the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons was detected two weeks after the 6-OHDA injection by measuring the motor performance in rotating rod with accelerated speed and with amphetamine-induced rotametry (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). In the beginning of the chronic treatment, levodopa (4.5 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered twice daily for four days and then continued once daily (from Mon to Sun) to the end of the experiments. Levodopa treatment had been ongoing for 10 days before the first testing of drug effects. The pretreatment (AZD0328 0.06, 0.19, 1.9 mg/kg or 0.9 % saline, s.c.) was given 30 minutes before levodopa. The study was conducted using a within subject design so that each mouse received all four treatments on four test days during three weeks. Mice were videorecorded for 1 minute 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 minutes after the levodopa injection was given. After the last recording day mice were killed under anesthesia via perfusion fixation and brains were collected for immunohistochemical staining to measure the extent of degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. 54 % of mice who survived from surgery (13/17) were dyskinetic (n=7). AZD0328 alleviated axial dyskinesia statistically significantly 40 minutes after levodopa injection but the statistical analysis did not reveal which of the doses was the most effective. The pretreatment with AZD0328 did not affect orolingual or forepaw dyskinesia. A potential mechanism of AZD0328 in alleviating LID might be the desensitization of α7 nAChRs which would happen only at very low doses. This means that LID are only attenuated when receptors are temporarily activated and then immediately gradually inactivated. The doses used in this study might have only activated the α7 nAChRs which might explain why no clear alleviation of LID was observed. On the other hand, the acute treatment may also be insufficient to develop desensitization. Additional studies are needed to investigate the effects of chronic administration of AZD0328 on LID in mice.Parkinsonin tauti on etenevä, hermostoa rappeuttava sairaus, joka johtuu pääasiallisesti dopamiinihermosolujen kuolemasta aivojen mustatumakkeessa. Dopamiinivaje aiheuttaa Parkinsonin taudille tyypilliset motoriset oireet, joiden hoidon kulmakivi on levodopa ja sen vaikutusta tehostavat lääkeaineet. Pitkäaikainen levodopahoito aiheuttaa usein noin 4-6 vuoden kuluttua hoidon aloituksesta tahdosta riippumattomia liikkeitä eli dyskinesioita (engl. levodopa-induced dyskinesia, LID), jotka heikentävät merkittävästi hoidosta saatavaa hyötyä. Tehokkain hoito LIDoireisiin on aivojen syvien osien sähköinen stimulaatio, mutta invasiivisena menetelmänä sen käyttö on rajattua. Tällä hetkellä ainoa myyntiluvallinen lääkevalmiste LID-oireisiin on amantadiini, jonka teho saattaa tosin heikentyä osalla potilaista jopa alle vuoden kuluttua hoidon aloittamisesta. LID-oireiden patofysiologia on hyvin monimuotoinen ja käsittää useiden eri hermovälittäjäainejärjestelmien toimintahäiriötä niin tyvitumakkeiden ympärillä kuin niiden ulkopuolella. Kolinergiseen järjestelmään kuuluvista nikotiinireseptoreista on tehty useita tutkimuksia, joissa niillä on havaittu olevan merkitystä LID-oireiden kehittymisessä. Nikotiinin kuin myös useiden sen kaltaisten yhdisteiden on havaittu vähentävän LID-oireita prekliinisissä tutkimuksissa, joista nikotiinia on tutkittu myös kliinisessä faasi II -vaiheen tutkimuksessa. Erilaisista nikotiinireseptorialayksiköistä muun muassa α7-reseptori vaikuttaa potentiaaliselta LID-oireiden hoidon kohteelta. On havaittu, että α7-reseptorin suhteen poistogeenisillä hiirillä LID-oireet lisääntyvät, mikä viittaa α7-reseptorin LID-oireilta suojaavaan vaikutukseen. Tätä käsitystä vahvistavat tutkimukset α7-nikotiinireseptoriagonistilla (ABT-107), jonka on havaittu suojaavan rottien dopamiinisoluja solutuholta ja todettu lievittävän LID-oireita apinoilla. Edellä mainittuihin havaintoihin perustuen tässä erikoistyössä tutkittiin uuden α7-nikotiinireseptoriagonistin (AZD0328) vaikutuksia LID-oireisiin hiirillä Parkinsonin taudin 6-hydroksidopamiini-(6-OHDA)-mallissa. C57BL/6J-hiirikannan naarashiirille (n=17) injektioitiin 6-OHDA-liuosta (3 µg) oikean aivopuoliskon keskimmäiseen etuaivopunokseen (engl. medial forebrain bundle, MFB). Dopamiinihermosoluvaurion onnistumista testattiin motoriikkaa mittaavan testin (kiihtyvällä nopeudella pyörivä sauva) sekä amfetamiinilla (2,5 mg/kg, i.p.) aiheutetun pyörimiskäyttäytymiskokeen avulla kahden viikon kuluttua 6-OHDA-injektiosta. Krooninen levodopakäsittely (4,5 mg/kg, s.c.) toteutettiin neljänä ensimmäisenä päivänä kaksi kertaa päivässä, minkä jälkeen käsittelyä jatkettiin kerran päivässä, päivittäin (ma-su) lopetuspäivään asti. Ennen ensimmäistä koepäivää hiirille injektoitiin yhteensä 10 päivää levodopaa. Esikäsittely (AZD0328 0,06; 0,19; 1,9 mg/kg tai 0,9 % NaCl-liuos, s.c.) annettiin 30 min ennen levodopaa. Kukin eläin sai kaikkia tutkittavia annoksia (engl. within subject design) kolmen viikon aikana neljänä eri koepäivänä. Hiiriä videoitiin minuutin ajan aina 20, 40, 60, 80 ja 100 minuuttia levodopaannon jälkeen. Viimeisen videointipäivän jälkeen hiiret lopetettiin nukutuksessa perfuusiofiksaatiolla ja aivot otettiin talteen immunohistokemiallista värjäystä varten dopamiinihermosoluvaurion laajuuden määrittämiseksi. Leikkauksesta elossa selvinneistä eläimistä (13/17) dyskinesioita oli 54 %:lla (n=7). AZD0328 vähensi tilastollisesti merkitsevästi vartalon dyskinesioita 40 minuutin kuluttua levodopainjektiosta, mutta tilastollinen analyysi ei osoittanut eroa lääkeaineen eri annosten välille. Lääkeainekäsittelyllä ei ollut vaikutusta kielen ja suun tai etutassun dyskinesioihin. AZD0328:n oletettu vaikutus välittynee nikotiinireseptoreiden epäherkistymisen kautta ja tämä tapahtunee vain hyvin pienellä annoksella. Tämä tarkoittaa, että LID-oireet mahdollisesti lievittyvät, kun reseptorit hetkellisesti aktivoituvat, mutta välittömästi asteittain inaktivoituvat. Tässä tutkimuksessa käytetyt annokset olivat mahdollisesti vain pääasiallisesti aktivoivia, eikä LID-oireiden kokonaisvaltaista lievittymistä havaittu. Toisaalta myös akuuttiannostelu oli mahdollisesti riittämätön aikaansaamaan epäherkistymistä. Lisätutkimuksia tarvitaankin AZD0328:n kroonisen annostelun vaikutuksista hiirien LID-oireisiin

Mossakowska-gaubert Maria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • La vie quotidienne des moines en Orient et en Occident (IVe-Xe siècle). Volume II, Questions transversales
    IFAO-EfA, 2019
    Co-Authors: Delouis Olivier, Mossakowska-gaubert Maria
    Abstract:

    International audienceWith this book, the joint research programme Everyday Life in Eastern and Western Monasticisms (4th-10th century AD) reaches its end. A first volume presented the variety of sources to study daily monastic life for the first centuries, in geographical order. During a second colloquium held in Paris, a comparative perspective was applied to six transversal topics: monastic landscape, the monk’s body, prayer, sociologies, productive economy, creation and dissemination of monastic rules. The present volume gathers twenty-two articles questioning these issues common to Egyptian, Nubian, Syro-Palestinian, Byzantine, North African, Visigothic, Italian, Frankish and Germanic, Anglo-Saxon or Irish monks. Although the approaches are manyfold, we have maintained our ambition to consider all forms of monastic life. Therefore, it was possible to grasp monasticism as a Diverse Phenomenon, which has been shaped by various environments. If daily monastic life is repetitive and does not always present salient features, it nonetheless mirrors the history of societies within which monks have settled down.Le programme collectif sur la Vie quotidienne des moines en Orient et en Occident (IVe-Xe siècle) trouve avec le présent ouvrage son achèvement. Un premier volume avait exposé, par régions géographiques, la variété des sources permettant d’étudier le quotidien des moines des premiers siècles. Dans un second colloque, une perspective comparatiste fut appliquée à six thèmes transversaux : le paysage monastique, le corps du moine, la prière, les sociologies monastiques, l’économie productive, la fixation et la diffusion de la norme. Vingt-deux articles interrogent ici ces réalités communes aux moines égyptiens, nubiens, syro-palestiniens, byzantins, nord-africains, wisigothiques, italiens, francs et germaniques, anglo-saxons ou irlandais

Wolfgang Vondey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pentecostals and ecumenism becoming the church as a pursuit of christian unity
    International Journal for The Study of The Christian Church, 2011
    Co-Authors: Wolfgang Vondey
    Abstract:

    Following a brief account of the history of Pentecostal approaches to Christian unity and ecclesiology, the article suggests that Pentecostals offer unprecedented promise for the development of a viable ecumenical ecclesiology, because their pursuit of Christian unity is inextricably linked with the formulation of their own identity. Pentecostal ecclesiology and ecumenism therefore have to be considered mutually conditioning endeavours. A short survey of Pentecostal participation in contemporary ecumenical affairs illustrates this proposal. The final part relates the results of the preceding sections to the promise of an ecumenical ecclesiology emerging from the Diverse Phenomenon of global Pentecostalism. The Pentecostal movement is in many regards a manifestation of a broader ecumenical crisis that includes the language, structures, organisation, comprehensiveness, and reception of existing ecumenical conversations.

Catherine E De Vries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • euroscepticism and the future of european integration
    2018
    Co-Authors: Catherine E De Vries
    Abstract:

    The European Union (EU) is facing one of the rockiest periods in its existence. At no time in its history has it looked so economically fragile, so insecure about how to protect its borders, so divided over how to tackle the crisis of legitimacy facing its institutions, and so under assault by Eurosceptic parties. The unprecedented levels of integration in recent decades have led to increased public contestation, yet at the same the EU is more reliant on public support for its continued legitimacy than ever before. This book examines the role of public opinion in the European integration process. It develops a novel theory of public opinion that stresses the deep interconnectedness between people’s views about European and national politics. It suggests that public opinion cannot simply be characterized as either Eurosceptic or not, but rather that it consists of different types. This is important because these types coincide with fundamentally different views about the way the EU should be reformed and which policy priorities should be pursued. These types also have very different consequences for behaviour in elections and referendums. Euroscepticism is such a Diverse Phenomenon because the Eurozone crisis has exacerbated the structural imbalances within the EU. As the economic and political fates of member states have diverged, people’s experiences with and evaluations of the EU and national political systems have also grown further apart. The heterogeneity in public preferences that this book has uncovered makes a one-size-fits-all approach to addressing Euroscepticism unlikely to be successful.