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Mark Hoekstra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does strengthening self defense Law deter crime or escalate violence evidence from castle Doctrine
    Social Science Research Network, 2012
    Co-Authors: Cheng Cheng, Mark Hoekstra
    Abstract:

    Since Florida adopted the first castle Doctrine Law in 2005, more than 20 other states have passed similar self-defense Laws that justify the use of deadly force in a wider set of circumstances. Elements of these Laws include removing the duty to retreat in places outside of one’s home, adding a presumption of reasonable belief of imminent harm necessitating a lethal response, and removing civil liability for those acting under the Law. This paper examines whether aiding self-defense in this way deters crime or, alternatively, escalates violence. To do so, we apply a difference-in-differences research design by exploiting the within-state variation in Law adoption. We find no evidence of deterrence; burglary, robbery, and aggravated assault are unaffected by the Laws. On the other hand, we find that murder and non-negligent manslaughter are increased by 7 to 9 percent. This could represent either increased use of lethal force in self-defense situations, or the escalation of violence in otherwise non-lethal situations. Regardless, the results indicate that a primary consequence of strengthening self-defense Law is increased homicide.

David D Caron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • time and the public trust Doctrine Law s knowledge of climate change
    Social Science Research Network, 2013
    Co-Authors: David D Caron
    Abstract:

    Climate change challenges the Law and in particular challenges the capacity of Law to incorporate into present day reasoning and Doctrine those aspects of climate change that are already in the pipeline, that already are a part of our collective future. In this article, I consider how the Law builds into itself an appreciation, a knowledge, of the coming effects of climate change. Certainly statutes may be – and indeed have been – drafted so as to require, for example, in planning decisions that consideration be given to the future changes in the climate. This article considers whether a particularly significant common Law Doctrine, the public trust Doctrine, likewise gives consideration now to the yet to be realized consequences of climate change. This article reaches a surprising conclusion. Ordinarily, the question is posed as whether the public trust Doctrine can anticipate change yet to be realized. A close analysis of the Doctrine as it is applied in my view reframes the question dramatically. The question is not whether the Doctrine can anticipate change yet to be realized, I conclude it clearly does. The issue actually is whether the future can be known with adequate certainty. And although the manner in which climate change will impact particular locations remains somewhat uncertain, it is widely agreed that a rising sea level will be experienced across the globe.

Cheng Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does strengthening self defense Law deter crime or escalate violence evidence from castle Doctrine
    Social Science Research Network, 2012
    Co-Authors: Cheng Cheng, Mark Hoekstra
    Abstract:

    Since Florida adopted the first castle Doctrine Law in 2005, more than 20 other states have passed similar self-defense Laws that justify the use of deadly force in a wider set of circumstances. Elements of these Laws include removing the duty to retreat in places outside of one’s home, adding a presumption of reasonable belief of imminent harm necessitating a lethal response, and removing civil liability for those acting under the Law. This paper examines whether aiding self-defense in this way deters crime or, alternatively, escalates violence. To do so, we apply a difference-in-differences research design by exploiting the within-state variation in Law adoption. We find no evidence of deterrence; burglary, robbery, and aggravated assault are unaffected by the Laws. On the other hand, we find that murder and non-negligent manslaughter are increased by 7 to 9 percent. This could represent either increased use of lethal force in self-defense situations, or the escalation of violence in otherwise non-lethal situations. Regardless, the results indicate that a primary consequence of strengthening self-defense Law is increased homicide.

Jihong Solomon Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the deterrent effect of the castle Doctrine Law on burglary in texas a tale of outcomes in houston and dallas
    Crime & Delinquency, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ling Ren, Yan Zhang, Jihong Solomon Zhao
    Abstract:

    From 2005 through 2008, 23 states across the nation have enacted Laws generally referred to as “castle Doctrine” Laws or “stand your ground” Laws. A castle Doctrine Law gives a homeowner the legal right to use force (even deadly force) to defend himself or herself and the family against an intruder. No study, however, has been conducted to evaluate its deterrent effects. The State of Texas enacted its castle Doctrine Law on September 1, 2007, and the subsequent Joe Horn shooting incident in Houston in November, 2007, served to publicize the Texas Law to a great extent. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deterrent effect of the Texas castle Doctrine Law and the subsequent Horn shooting on burglary in the two largest cities in Texas, Houston and Dallas. Daily data of residential and business burglary, over the period from January 1, 2007, to August 31, 2008, were obtained from the Houston Police Department and the Dallas Police Department. Interrupted time-series designs were employed in the study...

Ling Ren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the deterrent effect of the castle Doctrine Law on burglary in texas a tale of outcomes in houston and dallas
    Crime & Delinquency, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ling Ren, Yan Zhang, Jihong Solomon Zhao
    Abstract:

    From 2005 through 2008, 23 states across the nation have enacted Laws generally referred to as “castle Doctrine” Laws or “stand your ground” Laws. A castle Doctrine Law gives a homeowner the legal right to use force (even deadly force) to defend himself or herself and the family against an intruder. No study, however, has been conducted to evaluate its deterrent effects. The State of Texas enacted its castle Doctrine Law on September 1, 2007, and the subsequent Joe Horn shooting incident in Houston in November, 2007, served to publicize the Texas Law to a great extent. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the deterrent effect of the Texas castle Doctrine Law and the subsequent Horn shooting on burglary in the two largest cities in Texas, Houston and Dallas. Daily data of residential and business burglary, over the period from January 1, 2007, to August 31, 2008, were obtained from the Houston Police Department and the Dallas Police Department. Interrupted time-series designs were employed in the study...