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Peter Van Oosterom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM): Motivation, standardisation, application and further development
Land Use Policy, 2015Co-Authors: Peter Van Oosterom, Christian LemmenAbstract:This article is the introduction to a themed issue on the Land Administration Domain Model, the ISO 19152:2012 international standard. The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) facilitates the efficient set-up of land administrations. It can function as the core of any land administration system. LADM is flexible, widely applicable and functions as a gathering point of a state-of-the-art international knowledge base on this theme, reflected in aspects such as full versioning/history, integration with legal and spatial source documents, a range of 2 Dimensional and 3 Dimensional (2D/3D) geometry and topology options, unique identifiers, and explicit quality indicators (metadata). It can be aligned to the global agenda where land administration is concerned. This paper describes the context and the actual standards development of the LADM. Further, some future trends in the Domain and the maintenance of the standard is discussed. This completes the scene and provides the background for the papers in the themed issue
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Specialization of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM): An Option for Expanding the Legal Profiles
2013Co-Authors: Jesper M. Paasch, Jenny Paulsson, Peter Van Oosterom, Christian LemmenAbstract:The Land Administration Domain Model, LADM, passed on the 1st of November 2012 unanimously the final vote towards becoming an international standard, ISO 19152. Based on the standard this paper is a proposal for a more detailed classification of interests in land as Modelled within LADM and an attempt to raise the awareness of the possibilities to further develop the LADM?s “right”, “restriction” and “responsibility” (RRR) classes. The current standardised classification of RRRs in the LADM is restricted to a top-level classification of RRRs. In this paper the authors use the classification of interests in land described in the newly developed Legal Cadastral Domain Model, LCDM, to further develop the LADM. The LDM is based on comparative international legal investigations, including case studies from Portugal, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and Sweden. The conceptual basis of the LCDM is that interests in land can be classified according to whether they are limiting or beneficial to real property ownership. The classification in the Model is further based on the paradigm that there are two major types of interest in land; privately agreed interests and public regulations imposed by a public agency to further the interests of society. This is a pattern that can be observed in the legislation of many different jurisdictions, and therefore a useful extension of the international standard. The result of the paper is a proposal on how the administrative part of the LADM (i.e. interests in land) can be expanded. This work can be used to improve and extend the current informative LADM Annexes F Legal Profiles? and J Code lists?. Customary and informal rights have not been investigated in the LCDM, but can already be represented in the LADM (and its extension STDM: Social Tenure Domain Model). Inclusion of further options for representation of detailed attributes might be very useful for a next LADM version. The possible extension of LADM does not bring any limitation to the use and implementation of LADM – which is already on-going in several countries. On the contrary: the flexibility of LADM as a concept is demonstrated again and the proposed extensions may be very useful for those countries where a more detailed classification of RRR is under discussion.
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transforming the land administration Domain Model ladm into an iso standard iso19152
FIG Working Week 2009 Surveyors Key Role in Accelerated Development Eilat Israel 308 May 2009, 2009Co-Authors: Christian Lemmen, H T Uitermark, Peter Van Oosterom, R J Thompson, Joao Pedro HespanhaAbstract:In February 2008, FIG submitted the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). After three meetings with the LADM/ISO19152 Project Team (in Copenhagen, Denmark, May 2008; in Delft, The Netherlands, September 2008; and in Tsukuba, Japan, December 2008) we are now preparing a Committee Draft (CD), the next stage in the development process of an International Standard.
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social tenure Domain Model requirements from the perspective of pro poor land management
2006Co-Authors: C Augustinus, C Lemmen, Peter Van OosteromAbstract:Clarissa AUGUSTINUS, Kenya, Christiaan LEMMEN and Peter VAN OOSTEROM, The Netherlands Key words: Core Cadastral Domain Model, Pro-Poor Land Management, Social Land Tenure Domain, Pro-Poor Land Administration SUMMARY Land is the key issue behind slum formation. Addressing the slum challenge means taking the land issue seriously. Given that experience has shown that it takes 15-25 years to change a country's land administration system, we cannot afford to wait if we wish to improve the lives of slum dwellers now in the short-term. Many people think that the way to solve the problems of insecurity of tenure, homelessness and the development of slums is through large scale land titling (Biau, 2005). While this approach is of course important and necessary, it is not enough on its own to deliver security of tenure to the majority of citizens in most developing counties, especially in Africa. The best figures available indicate that less than 30 percent of the land in developing countries is titled. In many countries of Sub Saharan Africa, this drops to one percent. There are many reasons for this, such as the fact that customary tenure has a very strong influence. Individual land titling often works against the needs and aspirations of ordinary people, including in urban Africa where informal forms of land tenure are often adaptations of rural customs. Land administration systems with colonial roots do not really support the registration of customary or informal rights. This means that socio-technical innovations are required. It should be noticed that in the technical field, there is often an insufficient focus on pro poor technical and legal tools. In the development of the FIG Core Cadastral Domain Model, efforts are being made to avoid such criticism. This pro poor approach is being strengthened by undertaking further research into Domain Modeling, especially in regard to the proposed Social Tenure Domain Model as a specialization of the Core Cadastral Domain Model. A partnership between FIG and UN HABITAT within the frame work of the Global Network of Pro-Poor Land Developers could be the basis for a further analyses and development of the Social Tenure Domain Model. This Network is being facilitated by UN-HABITAT together with partners such as FIG, the World Bank, ITC, the Lincoln Institute, Swedish and Norwegian aid, to be able to identify and solve some of the key blockages to the delivery of security of tenure for the poor. An appropriate pro poor Social Land Tenure Domain Model is considered one of the priority tools.
C Lemmen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the land administration Domain Model
Land Use Policy, 2015Co-Authors: C Lemmen, Peter Van Oosterom, Rohan BennettAbstract:Societal drivers including poverty eradication, gender equality, indigenous recognition, adequate housing, sustainable agriculture, food security, climate change response, and good governance, influence contemporary land administration design. Equally, the opportunities provided by technological development also influence design approaches. The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) attempts to align both: the data Model provides a standardised global vocabulary for land administration. As an international standard it can stimulate the development of software applications and may accelerate the implementation of land administration systems that support sustainability objectives. The LADM covers basic information-related components of land administration including those over land, in water, below the surface, and above the ground. The standard is an abstract, conceptual Model with three packages related to: parties (people and organisations); basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities, and restrictions (ownership rights); spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks) with a sub package for surveying, and representation (geometry and topology). This paper examines the motivation, requirements and goals for developing LADM. Further, the standard itself is described and potential future maintenance. Despite being a very young standard, ‘born’ on 1st December 2012, it is already possible to observe some of the impact of LADM: examples are provided.
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the core cadastral Domain Model
Computers Environment and Urban Systems, 2006Co-Authors: Peter Van Oosterom, C Lemmen, Tryggvi Ingvarsson, Paul Van Der Molen, H D Ploeger, Wilko Quak, J E Stoter, J A ZevenbergenAbstract:Abstract A standardized core cadastral Domain Model (CCDM), covering land registration and cadastre in a broad sense (multipurpose cadastre), will serve at least two important goals: (1) Avoid re-inventing and re-implementing the same functionality over and over again, but provide a extensible basis for efficient and effective cadastral system development based on a Model driven architecture (MDA), and (2) enable involved parties, both within one country and between different countries, to communicate based on the shared ontology implied by the Model. The second goal is very important for creating standardized information services in an international context, where land administration Domain semantics have to be shared between countries (in order to enable needed translations). This paper presents an overview of the core cadastral Domain Model and its developments over the last 4 years. The Model has been developed in a set of versions, which were each time adjusted based on the discussions at workshops with international experts and the experience from case studies in several countries of the world (Netherlands, El Salvador, Bolivia, Denmark, Sweden, Portugal, Greece, Australia, Nepal, Egypt, Iceland, and several African and Arab countries). Important conditions during the design of the Model were and still are: should cover the common aspects of cadastral registrations all over the world, should be based on the conceptual framework of Cadastre 2014, should follow the international ISO and OGC standards, and at the same time the Model should be as simple as possible in order to be useful in practise. Besides presenting the CCDM itself this paper represents an important new wave in geo-information standardization: after the Domain independent basic geo-information standards (current series of ISO and OGC standards), the new standards based on specific Domains will now be developed. Due to historical differences between countries (and regions) similar Domains, such as the cadastral Domain, may be Modeled differently and therefore non-trivial harmonisation has to be done first. The presented CCDM is a result of this harmonisation and one of the first presented examples of semantic geo-information Domain standards. Besides the three well-known concepts, Parcel, Person and Right, at the class level the Model also includes immovables such as Building and OtherRegisterObject (geometry of easement, like a right of way, protected region, legal space around utility object, etc.) and the following concepts: SourceDocument such as SurveyDocument or LegalDocument (e.g. deed or title), Responsibilities, Restrictions (defined as Rights by other Person than the one having the ownership Right) and Mortgages. At the attribute level of the Model the following aspects are included: SalePrize, UseCode, TaxAmount, Interest, Ranking, Share, Measurements, QualityLabel, LegalSize, EstimatedSize, ComputedSize, TransformationParams, PointCode, and several different date/times. The heart of the Model is based on the three classes: (1) RegisterObject (including all kinds of immovables and movables), (2) RRR (right, restriction, responsibility), and (3) Person (natural, non-natural and group). The Model supports the temporal aspects of the involved classes and offers several levels of Parcel fuzziness: Parcel (full topology), SpaghettiParcel (only geometry), PointParcel (single point), and TextParcel (no coordinate, just a description). The geometry and topology (2D and 3D) are based on the OGC and ISO/TC211 standard classes. The Model is specified in UML class diagrams and it is indicated how this UML Model can be converted into and XML schema, which can then be used for actual data exchange in our networked society (interoperability).
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social tenure Domain Model requirements from the perspective of pro poor land management
2006Co-Authors: C Augustinus, C Lemmen, P.j.m. Van OosteromAbstract:Clarissa AUGUSTINUS, Kenya, Christiaan LEMMEN and Peter VAN OOSTEROM, The Netherlands Key words: Core Cadastral Domain Model, Pro-Poor Land Management, Social Land Tenure Domain, Pro-Poor Land Administration SUMMARY Land is the key issue behind slum formation. Addressing the slum challenge means taking the land issue seriously. Given that experience has shown that it takes 15-25 years to change a country's land administration system, we cannot afford to wait if we wish to improve the lives of slum dwellers now in the short-term. Many people think that the way to solve the problems of insecurity of tenure, homelessness and the development of slums is through large scale land titling (Biau, 2005). While this approach is of course important and necessary, it is not enough on its own to deliver security of tenure to the majority of citizens in most developing counties, especially in Africa. The best figures available indicate that less than 30 percent of the land in developing countries is titled. In many countries of Sub Saharan Africa, this drops to one percent. There are many reasons for this, such as the fact that customary tenure has a very strong influence. Individual land titling often works against the needs and aspirations of ordinary people, including in urban Africa where informal forms of land tenure are often adaptations of rural customs. Land administration systems with colonial roots do not really support the registration of customary or informal rights. This means that socio-technical innovations are required. It should be noticed that in the technical field, there is often an insufficient focus on pro poor technical and legal tools. In the development of the FIG Core Cadastral Domain Model, efforts are being made to avoid such criticism. This pro poor approach is being strengthened by undertaking further research into Domain Modeling, especially in regard to the proposed Social Tenure Domain Model as a specialization of the Core Cadastral Domain Model. A partnership between FIG and UN HABITAT within the frame work of the Global Network of Pro-Poor Land Developers could be the basis for a further analyses and development of the Social Tenure Domain Model. This Network is being facilitated by UN-HABITAT together with partners such as FIG, the World Bank, ITC, the Lincoln Institute, Swedish and Norwegian aid, to be able to identify and solve some of the key blockages to the delivery of security of tenure for the poor. An appropriate pro poor Social Land Tenure Domain Model is considered one of the priority tools.
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social tenure Domain Model requirements from the perspective of pro poor land management
2006Co-Authors: C Augustinus, C Lemmen, Peter Van OosteromAbstract:Clarissa AUGUSTINUS, Kenya, Christiaan LEMMEN and Peter VAN OOSTEROM, The Netherlands Key words: Core Cadastral Domain Model, Pro-Poor Land Management, Social Land Tenure Domain, Pro-Poor Land Administration SUMMARY Land is the key issue behind slum formation. Addressing the slum challenge means taking the land issue seriously. Given that experience has shown that it takes 15-25 years to change a country's land administration system, we cannot afford to wait if we wish to improve the lives of slum dwellers now in the short-term. Many people think that the way to solve the problems of insecurity of tenure, homelessness and the development of slums is through large scale land titling (Biau, 2005). While this approach is of course important and necessary, it is not enough on its own to deliver security of tenure to the majority of citizens in most developing counties, especially in Africa. The best figures available indicate that less than 30 percent of the land in developing countries is titled. In many countries of Sub Saharan Africa, this drops to one percent. There are many reasons for this, such as the fact that customary tenure has a very strong influence. Individual land titling often works against the needs and aspirations of ordinary people, including in urban Africa where informal forms of land tenure are often adaptations of rural customs. Land administration systems with colonial roots do not really support the registration of customary or informal rights. This means that socio-technical innovations are required. It should be noticed that in the technical field, there is often an insufficient focus on pro poor technical and legal tools. In the development of the FIG Core Cadastral Domain Model, efforts are being made to avoid such criticism. This pro poor approach is being strengthened by undertaking further research into Domain Modeling, especially in regard to the proposed Social Tenure Domain Model as a specialization of the Core Cadastral Domain Model. A partnership between FIG and UN HABITAT within the frame work of the Global Network of Pro-Poor Land Developers could be the basis for a further analyses and development of the Social Tenure Domain Model. This Network is being facilitated by UN-HABITAT together with partners such as FIG, the World Bank, ITC, the Lincoln Institute, Swedish and Norwegian aid, to be able to identify and solve some of the key blockages to the delivery of security of tenure for the poor. An appropriate pro poor Social Land Tenure Domain Model is considered one of the priority tools.
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further progress in the development of a core cadastral Domain Model
2006Co-Authors: C Lemmen, P.j.m. Van Oosterom, Wilko Quak, J A Zevenbergen, Paul Van Der MolenAbstract:SUMMARY In our paper ‘Impact Analysis of Recent Geo-ICT Developments on Cadastral Systems’ presented at the FIG Washington Congress in April 2002 we concluded that cadastral systems must be flexible and generic because user requirements keep on changing due to new legislation, new registrations, new technology. In addition we stated that (geo-) ICT developments, such as geo-DBMSs, Internet, GPS, and data exchange (XML) and Modeling standards (UML), have greatly contributed towards the efficient implementation of effective systems. However, a core cadastral Domain Model supported by vendor software would have increased efficiency yet more. Such a Model would enable application of Model Driven Architectures in the context of cadastral systems.
P.j.m. Van Oosterom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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further progress in the development of a core cadastral Domain Model
2006Co-Authors: C Lemmen, P.j.m. Van Oosterom, Wilko Quak, J A Zevenbergen, Paul Van Der MolenAbstract:SUMMARY In our paper ‘Impact Analysis of Recent Geo-ICT Developments on Cadastral Systems’ presented at the FIG Washington Congress in April 2002 we concluded that cadastral systems must be flexible and generic because user requirements keep on changing due to new legislation, new registrations, new technology. In addition we stated that (geo-) ICT developments, such as geo-DBMSs, Internet, GPS, and data exchange (XML) and Modeling standards (UML), have greatly contributed towards the efficient implementation of effective systems. However, a core cadastral Domain Model supported by vendor software would have increased efficiency yet more. Such a Model would enable application of Model Driven Architectures in the context of cadastral systems.
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social tenure Domain Model requirements from the perspective of pro poor land management
2006Co-Authors: C Augustinus, C Lemmen, P.j.m. Van OosteromAbstract:Clarissa AUGUSTINUS, Kenya, Christiaan LEMMEN and Peter VAN OOSTEROM, The Netherlands Key words: Core Cadastral Domain Model, Pro-Poor Land Management, Social Land Tenure Domain, Pro-Poor Land Administration SUMMARY Land is the key issue behind slum formation. Addressing the slum challenge means taking the land issue seriously. Given that experience has shown that it takes 15-25 years to change a country's land administration system, we cannot afford to wait if we wish to improve the lives of slum dwellers now in the short-term. Many people think that the way to solve the problems of insecurity of tenure, homelessness and the development of slums is through large scale land titling (Biau, 2005). While this approach is of course important and necessary, it is not enough on its own to deliver security of tenure to the majority of citizens in most developing counties, especially in Africa. The best figures available indicate that less than 30 percent of the land in developing countries is titled. In many countries of Sub Saharan Africa, this drops to one percent. There are many reasons for this, such as the fact that customary tenure has a very strong influence. Individual land titling often works against the needs and aspirations of ordinary people, including in urban Africa where informal forms of land tenure are often adaptations of rural customs. Land administration systems with colonial roots do not really support the registration of customary or informal rights. This means that socio-technical innovations are required. It should be noticed that in the technical field, there is often an insufficient focus on pro poor technical and legal tools. In the development of the FIG Core Cadastral Domain Model, efforts are being made to avoid such criticism. This pro poor approach is being strengthened by undertaking further research into Domain Modeling, especially in regard to the proposed Social Tenure Domain Model as a specialization of the Core Cadastral Domain Model. A partnership between FIG and UN HABITAT within the frame work of the Global Network of Pro-Poor Land Developers could be the basis for a further analyses and development of the Social Tenure Domain Model. This Network is being facilitated by UN-HABITAT together with partners such as FIG, the World Bank, ITC, the Lincoln Institute, Swedish and Norwegian aid, to be able to identify and solve some of the key blockages to the delivery of security of tenure for the poor. An appropriate pro poor Social Land Tenure Domain Model is considered one of the priority tools.
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version 1 0 of the fig core cadastral Domain Model
2006Co-Authors: C Lemmen, P.j.m. Van OosteromAbstract:At the FIG Congress in Washington in 2002, the proposal was launched to develop a (shared) core cadastral Domain Model; the FIG CCDM (van Oosterom and Lemmen, 2002). After the launch several specific international workshops have been devoted to the development of this topic, various organizations have been involved (Open GeoSpatial Consortium OGC, International Organization for Standardization ISO/TC211, UN-Habitat, Inspire), MSc/PhD students, researchers and international experts have devoted a significant part of their research to cadastral Modeling (Joao de Hespana, Arbind Tuladar, Vladimir Stromcek, Tryggvi Ingvarsson, Young-Ho Lee, Wilko Quak, Paul van der Molen, Jantien Stoter, Jaap Zevenbergen, Hendrik Ploeger, Claudia Hess, Marian de Vries, Clarissa Augustinus, Louis Hecht, Jurg Kaufmann, and many others), resulting in a series of versions of the CCDM published in different magazines, proceedings and journals; the most recent version is called the Moscow-version (van Oosterom et al, 2006).
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Development of a cadastral Domain Model
2003Co-Authors: P.j.m. Van Oosterom, S. Grise, Christiaan LemmenAbstract:This paper gives an overview of efforts being made in the development of a Cadastral Domain Model. Two Models, both under development, are presented: the first one as a result of joint efforts between Delft University of Technology and the International Institute of GeoInformation Science and Earth Observation ITC, The Netherlands. The second Model is a draft version of a Cadastral Data Model for ESRIs ArcGIS.
Mauro Vallati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the Importance of Domain Model Configuration for Automated Planning Engines.
arXiv: Artificial Intelligence, 2020Co-Authors: Mauro Vallati, Lukáš Chrpa, Thomas Leo Mccluskey, Frank HutterAbstract:The development of Domain-independent planners within the AI Planning community is leading to "off-the-shelf" technology that can be used in a wide range of applications. Moreover, it allows a modular approach --in which planners and Domain knowledge are modules of larger software applications-- that facilitates substitutions or improvements of individual modules without changing the rest of the system. This approach also supports the use of reformulation and configuration techniques, which transform how a Model is represented in order to improve the efficiency of plan generation. In this article, we investigate how the performance of Domain-independent planners is affected by Domain Model configuration, i.e., the order in which elements are ordered in the Model, particularly in the light of planner comparisons. We then introduce techniques for the online and offline configuration of Domain Models, and we analyse the impact of Domain Model configuration on other reformulation approaches, such as macros.
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Issues in Planning Domain Model Engineering
2016Co-Authors: T.l. Mccluskey, Tiago Stegun Vaquero, Mauro VallatiAbstract:The paper raises some issues relating to the engineering of Domain Models for automated planning. It studies the idea of a Domain Model as a formal specification of a Domain, and considers properties of that specification. It proposes some definitions, which the planning and, more generally, the artificial intelligence community needs to consider, in order to properly deal with engineering issues in Domain Model creation.
C Augustinus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social tenure Domain Model requirements from the perspective of pro poor land management
2006Co-Authors: C Augustinus, C Lemmen, P.j.m. Van OosteromAbstract:Clarissa AUGUSTINUS, Kenya, Christiaan LEMMEN and Peter VAN OOSTEROM, The Netherlands Key words: Core Cadastral Domain Model, Pro-Poor Land Management, Social Land Tenure Domain, Pro-Poor Land Administration SUMMARY Land is the key issue behind slum formation. Addressing the slum challenge means taking the land issue seriously. Given that experience has shown that it takes 15-25 years to change a country's land administration system, we cannot afford to wait if we wish to improve the lives of slum dwellers now in the short-term. Many people think that the way to solve the problems of insecurity of tenure, homelessness and the development of slums is through large scale land titling (Biau, 2005). While this approach is of course important and necessary, it is not enough on its own to deliver security of tenure to the majority of citizens in most developing counties, especially in Africa. The best figures available indicate that less than 30 percent of the land in developing countries is titled. In many countries of Sub Saharan Africa, this drops to one percent. There are many reasons for this, such as the fact that customary tenure has a very strong influence. Individual land titling often works against the needs and aspirations of ordinary people, including in urban Africa where informal forms of land tenure are often adaptations of rural customs. Land administration systems with colonial roots do not really support the registration of customary or informal rights. This means that socio-technical innovations are required. It should be noticed that in the technical field, there is often an insufficient focus on pro poor technical and legal tools. In the development of the FIG Core Cadastral Domain Model, efforts are being made to avoid such criticism. This pro poor approach is being strengthened by undertaking further research into Domain Modeling, especially in regard to the proposed Social Tenure Domain Model as a specialization of the Core Cadastral Domain Model. A partnership between FIG and UN HABITAT within the frame work of the Global Network of Pro-Poor Land Developers could be the basis for a further analyses and development of the Social Tenure Domain Model. This Network is being facilitated by UN-HABITAT together with partners such as FIG, the World Bank, ITC, the Lincoln Institute, Swedish and Norwegian aid, to be able to identify and solve some of the key blockages to the delivery of security of tenure for the poor. An appropriate pro poor Social Land Tenure Domain Model is considered one of the priority tools.
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social tenure Domain Model requirements from the perspective of pro poor land management
2006Co-Authors: C Augustinus, C Lemmen, Peter Van OosteromAbstract:Clarissa AUGUSTINUS, Kenya, Christiaan LEMMEN and Peter VAN OOSTEROM, The Netherlands Key words: Core Cadastral Domain Model, Pro-Poor Land Management, Social Land Tenure Domain, Pro-Poor Land Administration SUMMARY Land is the key issue behind slum formation. Addressing the slum challenge means taking the land issue seriously. Given that experience has shown that it takes 15-25 years to change a country's land administration system, we cannot afford to wait if we wish to improve the lives of slum dwellers now in the short-term. Many people think that the way to solve the problems of insecurity of tenure, homelessness and the development of slums is through large scale land titling (Biau, 2005). While this approach is of course important and necessary, it is not enough on its own to deliver security of tenure to the majority of citizens in most developing counties, especially in Africa. The best figures available indicate that less than 30 percent of the land in developing countries is titled. In many countries of Sub Saharan Africa, this drops to one percent. There are many reasons for this, such as the fact that customary tenure has a very strong influence. Individual land titling often works against the needs and aspirations of ordinary people, including in urban Africa where informal forms of land tenure are often adaptations of rural customs. Land administration systems with colonial roots do not really support the registration of customary or informal rights. This means that socio-technical innovations are required. It should be noticed that in the technical field, there is often an insufficient focus on pro poor technical and legal tools. In the development of the FIG Core Cadastral Domain Model, efforts are being made to avoid such criticism. This pro poor approach is being strengthened by undertaking further research into Domain Modeling, especially in regard to the proposed Social Tenure Domain Model as a specialization of the Core Cadastral Domain Model. A partnership between FIG and UN HABITAT within the frame work of the Global Network of Pro-Poor Land Developers could be the basis for a further analyses and development of the Social Tenure Domain Model. This Network is being facilitated by UN-HABITAT together with partners such as FIG, the World Bank, ITC, the Lincoln Institute, Swedish and Norwegian aid, to be able to identify and solve some of the key blockages to the delivery of security of tenure for the poor. An appropriate pro poor Social Land Tenure Domain Model is considered one of the priority tools.
