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Merl F. Raisbeck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental reproduction of tumbleweed shield lichen (Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa) poisoning in a Domestic Sheep model.
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca N. Dailey, Donald L. Montgomery, James T. Ingram, Roger S. Siemion, Merl F. RaisbeckAbstract:Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa, commonly called tumbleweed lichen, is found throughout the Rocky Mountain region. This particular species of lichen was incriminated in the poisoning of cattle and Sheep in Wyoming during the 1930s. More than 70 years elapsed before another case was reported. There is virtually no information in the veterinary literature regarding toxicity of this lichen. This report describes X. chlorochroa poisoning in Domestic Sheep fed lichen collected from different locales and at different times of the year. Affected animals voided red urine and displayed incoordination. A transient spike in serum creatine kinase activity occurred in all ewes during the course of the feeding trial. Histologically, necrosis of a few individual appendicular skeletal myocytes was observed in 1 ewe, but grossly discernible myonecrosis was absent. The severity of clinical signs varied depending on the location and/or time of year the lichen was collected, indicating that toxicity of the lichen may be influenced by environmental conditions. Results demonstrate that Domestic Sheep are a useful model for further investigation of X. chlorochroa intoxication. The current study should act as a starting point for elucidating the pathogenesis of X. chlorochroa poisoning and aid in the development of a diagnostic assay to confirm lichen poisoning.
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Toxicity of the lichen secondary metabolite (+)-usnic acid in Domestic Sheep.
Veterinary Pathology, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca N. Dailey, Donald L. Montgomery, James T. Ingram, Roger S. Siemion, M. Vasquez, Merl F. RaisbeckAbstract:Toxicity following ingestion of the vagrant, foliose lichen Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa was identified as the putative etiology in the death of an estimated 400–500 elk on the Red Rim-Daley Wildlife Habitat Management Area in Wyoming during the winter of 2004. A single, unsubstantiated report in 1939 attributed toxicity of X. chlorochroa in cattle and Sheep to usnic acid, a common lichen secondary metabolite. To test the hypothesis that usnic acid is the proximate cause of death in animals poisoned by lichen, Domestic Sheep were dosed PO with (+)-usnic acid. Clinical signs in symptomatic ewes included lethargy, anorexia, and signs indicative of abdominal discomfort. Serum creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were considerably elevated in symptomatic Sheep. Similarly, only symptomatic ewes exhibited appreciable postmortem lesions consisting of severe degenerative appendicular skeletal myopathy. The median toxic dose (ED50) of (+)-usnic acid in Domestic Sheep was ...
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toxicity of the lichen secondary metabolite usnic acid in Domestic Sheep
Veterinary Pathology, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca N. Dailey, Donald L. Montgomery, James T. Ingram, Roger S. Siemion, M. Vasquez, Merl F. RaisbeckAbstract:Toxicity following ingestion of the vagrant, foliose lichen Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa was identified as the putative etiology in the death of an estimated 400–500 elk on the Red Rim-Daley Wildlife Habitat Management Area in Wyoming during the winter of 2004. A single, unsubstantiated report in 1939 attributed toxicity of X. chlorochroa in cattle and Sheep to usnic acid, a common lichen secondary metabolite. To test the hypothesis that usnic acid is the proximate cause of death in animals poisoned by lichen, Domestic Sheep were dosed PO with (+)-usnic acid. Clinical signs in symptomatic ewes included lethargy, anorexia, and signs indicative of abdominal discomfort. Serum creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were considerably elevated in symptomatic Sheep. Similarly, only symptomatic ewes exhibited appreciable postmortem lesions consisting of severe degenerative appendicular skeletal myopathy. The median toxic dose (ED50) of (+)-usnic acid in Domestic Sheep was ...
Burk A. Dehority - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rumen ciliate protozoa of Domestic Sheep ovis aries and goat capra aegagrus hircus in kyrgyzstan
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2016Co-Authors: Gozde Gurelli, Savas Canbulat, Nurbek Aldayarov, Burk A. DehorityAbstract:Species composition and concentration of rumen ciliate protozoa were investigated in the rumen contents of 14 Domestic Sheep and 1 goat living in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. This is the first report on rumen ciliates from ruminants living in Kyrgyzstan. In Sheep 12 genera, 28 species and 12 morphotypes were detected, whereas in goat 8 genera, 12 species and 4 morphotypes were detected. The density of ciliates in Sheep was (28.1 ± 20.0) × 104 cells mL−1 and in goat was 37.0 × 104 cells mL−1. Dasytricha ruminantium, Isotricha prostoma, Entodinium simulans and Ophryoscolex caudatus were major species (100%) in Sheep, and for the first time, Diplodinium rangiferi was detected in a Domestic goat.
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The rumen ciliate fauna of Domestic Sheep (Ovis ammon aires) from the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 2001Co-Authors: Bayram Göçmen, Burk A. Dehority, Gül H. Talu, Samiye RastgeldyAbstract:Concentration and composition of ciliate protozoa in the families Ophryoscolecidae and Isotrichidae were determined in rumen contents of Domestic Sheep (Ovis ammon aries) from Cyprus. A total of five genera of Ophryoscolecidae were identified, Metadinium, Enoploplastron, Polyplastron, Epidinium,and Ophryoscolex, which included six species: Metadinium affine, Enoploplas- tron triloricatum, Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Epidinium ecaudatum, Epidinium graini, and Ophryoscolex purkynjei. Eight separate forms of Epidinium were identified (E. ecaudatum f. ecaudatum, E. e. f. caudatum, E. e. f. bicaudatum, E. e. f. tricaudatum, E. e. f. quadricaudatum, E. grainif. graini, E. g. f. caudatricoronatum,and E. g. f. caudaquadricoronatum),along with five forms ofOphryos- colex purkynjei (O. p. f. purkynjei, O. p. f. bifidobicinctus, O. p.f. bifidoquadricinctus, O. p.f. bicoronatus, O. p. f. tricoronatus, and O. p. f. quadricoronatus). Three species of Isotrichidae were observed, Isotricha intestinalis, I. prostoma,and Dasytricha ruminantium. This study reports new host records for three forms of Epidinium graini and Ophryoscolex purkynjeif. bifidobicinctus.The rumen fauna in the family Ophryoscolecidae from Cypriote Domestic Sheep appear to have limited diversity compared to those from Turkish and Far Eastern (Chinese/ Japanese) Sheep, while they are more diverse than those found in Western European (Scottish) and North American (Canadian/Alaskan) Sheep.
William J. Foreyt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Survival of bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) commingled with Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) in the absence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae.
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2012Co-Authors: Thomas E. Besser, William J. Foreyt, E. Frances Cassirer, Catherine Yamada, Kathleen A. Potter, Caroline N. Herndon, Donald P. Knowles, Subramaniam SrikumaranAbstract:To test the hypothesis that Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is an important agent of the bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) pneumonia that has previously inevitably followed experimental commingling with Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries), we commingled M. ovipneumoniae–free Domestic and bighorn Sheep (n=4 each). One bighorn Sheep died with acute pneumonia 90 days after commingling, but the other three remained healthy for >100 days. This unprecedented survival rate is significantly different (P=0.002) from that of previous bighorn-Domestic Sheep contact studies but similar to (P>0.05) bighorn Sheep survival following commingling with other ungulates. The absence of epizootic respiratory disease in this experiment supports the hypothesized role of M. ovipneumoniae as a key pathogen of epizootic pneumonia in bighorn Sheep commingled with Domestic Sheep.
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transmission of mannheimia haemolytica from Domestic Sheep ovis aries to bighorn Sheep ovis canadensis unequivocal demonstration with green fluorescent protein tagged organisms
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Paulraj K Lawrence, William J. Foreyt, Caroline N. Herndon, Donald P. Knowles, Sudarvili Shanthalingam, Rohana P Dassanayake, Renuka Subramaniam, Fred R Rurangirwa, Gary A Wayman, Ann Marie MarcielAbstract:Previous studies demonstrated that bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) died of pneumonia when commingled with Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) but did not conclusively prove that the responsible pathogens were transmitted from Domestic to bighorn Sheep. The objective of this study was to determine, unambiguously, whether Mannheimia haemolytica can be transmitted from Domestic to bighorn Sheep when they commingle. Four isolates of M. haemolytica were obtained from the pharynx of two of four Domestic Sheep and tagged with a plasmid carrying the genes for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and ampicillin resistance (APR). Four Domestic Sheep, colonized with the tagged bacteria, were kept about 10 m apart from four bighorn Sheep for 1 mo with no clinical signs of pneumonia observed in the bighorn Sheep during that period. The Domestic and bighorn Sheep were then allowed to have fence-line contact for 2 mo. During that period, three bighorn Sheep acquired the tagged bacteria from the Domestic Sheep. At the end of the 2 mo...
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Susceptibility of phagocytes from elk, deer, bighorn Sheep, and Domestic Sheep to Pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxins.
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1994Co-Authors: Ronald M. Silflow, William J. ForeytAbstract:Alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood neutrophils from elk (Cervus elaphus), bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis), and Domestic Sheep were exposed to culture supernatants from Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from bighorn Sheep and Domestic Sheep. In a second experiment, peripheral blood neutrophils from mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), elk, and bighorn Sheep were exposed to culture supernatants from P. haemolytica isolated from elk, bighorn Sheep and Domestic Sheep. Alveolar macrophages from elk, bighorn Sheep and Domestic Sheep were resistant to killing by P. haemolytica supernatants from bighorn Sheep and Domestic Sheep; susceptibility of neutrophils to cell death, as measured by release of lactate dehydrogenase, differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the four species tested. Bighorn Sheep and Domestic Sheep neutrophils were susceptible to cytotoxin damage by the P. haemolytica isolates used; bighorn Sheep neutrophils were four- to eight-fold more susceptible to cytotoxin damage than domes...
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Fatal pneumonia following inoculation of healthy bighorn Sheep with Pasteurella haemolytica from healthy Domestic Sheep.
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1994Co-Authors: William J. Foreyt, Kurt P. Snipes, Rick W. KastenAbstract:In a series of three experiments, isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A, serotype 2, ribotype reference WSU-1, from healthy Domestic Sheep, were inoculated intratracheally into eight bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) and seven Domestic Sheep with doses of bacteria ranging from 5.3 × 108 to 8.6 × 1011 colony forming units. Seven of eight inoculated bighorn Sheep died from acute pneumonia within 48 hr of inoculation, whereas all seven Domestic Sheep inoculated with comparable or greater doses of bacteria remained healthy. One contact control bighorn Sheep also died 6 days after its penmates received P. haemolytica. Three other noncontact control bighorn Sheep remained healthy during the experiments. Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A, serotype 2, ribotype reference WSU-1 in the inocula was recovered from one or more tissues from all bighorns that died; whereas, it was not detected in any bighorn Sheep before inoculation. Three different ribotypes of P. haemolytica A2 were recovered from bigh...
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Comparative leukotoxicities of Pasteurella haemolytica isolates from Domestic Sheep and free-ranging bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis).
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1994Co-Authors: Steven J. Sweeney, Ronald M. Silflow, William J. ForeytAbstract:Twenty-eight isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica from Domestic Sheep (n = 14 isolates) and bighorn Sheep (n = 14 isolates) were evaluated for leucotoxicity against peripheral blood neutrophils of bighorn Sheep by adding bacterial culture supernatants to bighorn Sheep neutrophils in vitro. Leukotoxic isolates of P. haemolytica, defined as causing >50% neutrophil death as measured by release of lactate dehydrogenase into culture supernatants, were identified from eight of 14 Domestic Sheep isolates and from 0 of 14 bighorn Sheep isolates. The in vitro assay of isolates of P. haemolytica may provide a valid predictive measure of strain virulence of P. haemolytica, and of potential pneumonic episodes in bighorn Sheep populations.
Rebecca N. Dailey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental reproduction of tumbleweed shield lichen (Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa) poisoning in a Domestic Sheep model.
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca N. Dailey, Donald L. Montgomery, James T. Ingram, Roger S. Siemion, Merl F. RaisbeckAbstract:Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa, commonly called tumbleweed lichen, is found throughout the Rocky Mountain region. This particular species of lichen was incriminated in the poisoning of cattle and Sheep in Wyoming during the 1930s. More than 70 years elapsed before another case was reported. There is virtually no information in the veterinary literature regarding toxicity of this lichen. This report describes X. chlorochroa poisoning in Domestic Sheep fed lichen collected from different locales and at different times of the year. Affected animals voided red urine and displayed incoordination. A transient spike in serum creatine kinase activity occurred in all ewes during the course of the feeding trial. Histologically, necrosis of a few individual appendicular skeletal myocytes was observed in 1 ewe, but grossly discernible myonecrosis was absent. The severity of clinical signs varied depending on the location and/or time of year the lichen was collected, indicating that toxicity of the lichen may be influenced by environmental conditions. Results demonstrate that Domestic Sheep are a useful model for further investigation of X. chlorochroa intoxication. The current study should act as a starting point for elucidating the pathogenesis of X. chlorochroa poisoning and aid in the development of a diagnostic assay to confirm lichen poisoning.
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Toxicity of the lichen secondary metabolite (+)-usnic acid in Domestic Sheep.
Veterinary Pathology, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca N. Dailey, Donald L. Montgomery, James T. Ingram, Roger S. Siemion, M. Vasquez, Merl F. RaisbeckAbstract:Toxicity following ingestion of the vagrant, foliose lichen Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa was identified as the putative etiology in the death of an estimated 400–500 elk on the Red Rim-Daley Wildlife Habitat Management Area in Wyoming during the winter of 2004. A single, unsubstantiated report in 1939 attributed toxicity of X. chlorochroa in cattle and Sheep to usnic acid, a common lichen secondary metabolite. To test the hypothesis that usnic acid is the proximate cause of death in animals poisoned by lichen, Domestic Sheep were dosed PO with (+)-usnic acid. Clinical signs in symptomatic ewes included lethargy, anorexia, and signs indicative of abdominal discomfort. Serum creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were considerably elevated in symptomatic Sheep. Similarly, only symptomatic ewes exhibited appreciable postmortem lesions consisting of severe degenerative appendicular skeletal myopathy. The median toxic dose (ED50) of (+)-usnic acid in Domestic Sheep was ...
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toxicity of the lichen secondary metabolite usnic acid in Domestic Sheep
Veterinary Pathology, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca N. Dailey, Donald L. Montgomery, James T. Ingram, Roger S. Siemion, M. Vasquez, Merl F. RaisbeckAbstract:Toxicity following ingestion of the vagrant, foliose lichen Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa was identified as the putative etiology in the death of an estimated 400–500 elk on the Red Rim-Daley Wildlife Habitat Management Area in Wyoming during the winter of 2004. A single, unsubstantiated report in 1939 attributed toxicity of X. chlorochroa in cattle and Sheep to usnic acid, a common lichen secondary metabolite. To test the hypothesis that usnic acid is the proximate cause of death in animals poisoned by lichen, Domestic Sheep were dosed PO with (+)-usnic acid. Clinical signs in symptomatic ewes included lethargy, anorexia, and signs indicative of abdominal discomfort. Serum creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were considerably elevated in symptomatic Sheep. Similarly, only symptomatic ewes exhibited appreciable postmortem lesions consisting of severe degenerative appendicular skeletal myopathy. The median toxic dose (ED50) of (+)-usnic acid in Domestic Sheep was ...
Gozde Gurelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rumen Ciliate Fauna of Domestic Sheep ( Ovis aries ) in İzmir, Turkey and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations
Zootaxa, 2017Co-Authors: Gozde GurelliAbstract:Species composition and distribution of ciliates were investigated in the rumen contents of 15 Domestic Sheep ( Ovis aries ) living in Izmir, Turkey. Twenty-three species and 11 morphotypes belonging to nine genera were identified. The density of ciliates was 118.3 ± 63.5 × 10 4 cells ml −1 , and the mean number of ciliate species per host was 13.5 ± 5.3. Entodinium simulans was the most abundant species, with a prevalence of 100%. Two morphotypes of Diplodinium flabellum were identified, such as D. flabellum m. aspinatum and D. flabellum m. monospinatum, and E. simulans m. dubardi was found for the first time in Domestic Sheep in Turkey. The scanning electron microscopic observations of Entodinium longinucleatum , E. bursa , E. rectangulatum m. rectangulatum, E. semahatae , E. exiguum , E. minimum , E. simulans m. caudatum, E. dilobum , Diplodinium flabellum m. aspinatum, D. dentatum , Isotricha prostoma , Metadinium affine , Enoploplastrom triloricatum , Dasytricha ruminantium , Ophryoscolex caudatus m. tricoronatus, Epidinium ecaudatum m. parvicaudatum, and Polyplastron multivesiculatum were studied.
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rumen ciliate protozoa of Domestic Sheep ovis aries and goat capra aegagrus hircus in kyrgyzstan
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2016Co-Authors: Gozde Gurelli, Savas Canbulat, Nurbek Aldayarov, Burk A. DehorityAbstract:Species composition and concentration of rumen ciliate protozoa were investigated in the rumen contents of 14 Domestic Sheep and 1 goat living in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. This is the first report on rumen ciliates from ruminants living in Kyrgyzstan. In Sheep 12 genera, 28 species and 12 morphotypes were detected, whereas in goat 8 genera, 12 species and 4 morphotypes were detected. The density of ciliates in Sheep was (28.1 ± 20.0) × 104 cells mL−1 and in goat was 37.0 × 104 cells mL−1. Dasytricha ruminantium, Isotricha prostoma, Entodinium simulans and Ophryoscolex caudatus were major species (100%) in Sheep, and for the first time, Diplodinium rangiferi was detected in a Domestic goat.