The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Matthew Baylis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Distinct spread of DNA and RNA viruses among mammals amid prominent role of Domestic Species
    Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020
    Co-Authors: Konstans Wells, Serge Morand, Maya Wardeh, Matthew Baylis
    Abstract:

    Aim Emerging infectious diseases arising from pathogen spillover from mammals to humans constitute a substantial health threat. Tracing virus origin and predicting the most likely host Species for future spillover events are major objectives in One Health disciplines. We assessed patterns of virus sharing among a large diversity of mammals, including humans and Domestic Species. Location Global. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Mammals and associated viruses. Methods We used network centrality analysis and trait-based Bayesian hierarchical models to explore patterns of virus sharing among mammals. We analysed a global database that compiled the associations between 1,785 virus Species and 725 mammalian host Species as sourced from automatic screening of meta-data accompanying published nucleotide sequences between 1950 and 2019. Results We show that based on current evidence, Domesticated mammals hold the most central positions in networks of known mammal-virus associations. Among entire host-virus networks, Carnivora and Chiroptera hold central positions for mainly sharing RNA viruses, whereas ungulates hold central positions for sharing both RNA and DNA viruses with other host Species. We revealed strong evidence that DNA viruses were phylogenetically more host specific than RNA viruses. RNA viruses exhibited low functional host specificity despite an overall tendency to infect phylogenetically related Species, signifying high potential to shift across hosts with different ecological niches. The frequencies of sharing viruses among hosts and the proportion of zoonotic viruses in hosts were larger for RNA than for DNA viruses. Main conclusions Acknowledging the role of Domestic Species in addition to host and virus traits in patterns of virus sharing is necessary to improve our understanding of virus spread and spillover in times of global change. Understanding multi-host virus-sharing pathways adds focus to curtail disease spread.

  • Distinct spread of DNA and RNA viruses among mammals amid prominent role of Domestic Species
    2018
    Co-Authors: Konstans Wells, Serge Morand, Maya Wardeh, Matthew Baylis
    Abstract:

    Emerging infectious diseases arising from pathogen spillover from mammals to humans comprise a substantial health threat. Tracing virus origin and predicting the most likely host Species for future spillover events are major objectives in One Health disciplines. However, the Species that share pathogens most widely with other mammals, and the role of different wildlife groups in sharing viruses with humans remain poorly identified. To address this challenge, we applied network analysis and Bayesian hierarchical models to a global database of mammal-virus associations. We show that Domesticated mammals and some primates hold the most central positions in networks of known mammal-virus associations. We revealed strong evidence that DNA viruses were phylogenetically more host specific than RNA viruses, while the frequencies of sharing viruses among hosts and the proportion of zoonotic viruses in hosts were larger for RNA than DNA viruses. Among entire host-virus networks, Carnivora and Chiroptera hold central positions for mainly sharing RNA viruses with other host Species, while network centrality of Primates scored relatively high for sharing DNA viruses. Ungulates hold central positions for sharing both RNA and DNA viruses. Acknowledging the role of Domestic Species in addition to host and virus traits in patterns of virus sharing is necessary to improve our understanding of virus spread and spillover in times of global change.

Konstans Wells - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Distinct spread of DNA and RNA viruses among mammals amid prominent role of Domestic Species
    Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020
    Co-Authors: Konstans Wells, Serge Morand, Maya Wardeh, Matthew Baylis
    Abstract:

    Aim Emerging infectious diseases arising from pathogen spillover from mammals to humans constitute a substantial health threat. Tracing virus origin and predicting the most likely host Species for future spillover events are major objectives in One Health disciplines. We assessed patterns of virus sharing among a large diversity of mammals, including humans and Domestic Species. Location Global. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Mammals and associated viruses. Methods We used network centrality analysis and trait-based Bayesian hierarchical models to explore patterns of virus sharing among mammals. We analysed a global database that compiled the associations between 1,785 virus Species and 725 mammalian host Species as sourced from automatic screening of meta-data accompanying published nucleotide sequences between 1950 and 2019. Results We show that based on current evidence, Domesticated mammals hold the most central positions in networks of known mammal-virus associations. Among entire host-virus networks, Carnivora and Chiroptera hold central positions for mainly sharing RNA viruses, whereas ungulates hold central positions for sharing both RNA and DNA viruses with other host Species. We revealed strong evidence that DNA viruses were phylogenetically more host specific than RNA viruses. RNA viruses exhibited low functional host specificity despite an overall tendency to infect phylogenetically related Species, signifying high potential to shift across hosts with different ecological niches. The frequencies of sharing viruses among hosts and the proportion of zoonotic viruses in hosts were larger for RNA than for DNA viruses. Main conclusions Acknowledging the role of Domestic Species in addition to host and virus traits in patterns of virus sharing is necessary to improve our understanding of virus spread and spillover in times of global change. Understanding multi-host virus-sharing pathways adds focus to curtail disease spread.

  • Distinct spread of DNA and RNA viruses among mammals amid prominent role of Domestic Species
    2018
    Co-Authors: Konstans Wells, Serge Morand, Maya Wardeh, Matthew Baylis
    Abstract:

    Emerging infectious diseases arising from pathogen spillover from mammals to humans comprise a substantial health threat. Tracing virus origin and predicting the most likely host Species for future spillover events are major objectives in One Health disciplines. However, the Species that share pathogens most widely with other mammals, and the role of different wildlife groups in sharing viruses with humans remain poorly identified. To address this challenge, we applied network analysis and Bayesian hierarchical models to a global database of mammal-virus associations. We show that Domesticated mammals and some primates hold the most central positions in networks of known mammal-virus associations. We revealed strong evidence that DNA viruses were phylogenetically more host specific than RNA viruses, while the frequencies of sharing viruses among hosts and the proportion of zoonotic viruses in hosts were larger for RNA than DNA viruses. Among entire host-virus networks, Carnivora and Chiroptera hold central positions for mainly sharing RNA viruses with other host Species, while network centrality of Primates scored relatively high for sharing DNA viruses. Ungulates hold central positions for sharing both RNA and DNA viruses. Acknowledging the role of Domestic Species in addition to host and virus traits in patterns of virus sharing is necessary to improve our understanding of virus spread and spillover in times of global change.

Jorge A. Piedrahita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Advances in the Generation of Transgenic Domestic Species via Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
    Principles of Cloning, 2014
    Co-Authors: Xia Zhang, Jorge A. Piedrahita
    Abstract:

    Genetically modified animals play a key role in the development of new therapies to treat human disease. To date, most of these models have been generated using rodents such as mice and rats. It was not until the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer that large animals such as swine and cattle could be considered as alternate or complementary models. At present, there are highly efficient technologies to generate a wide range of genetically modified large animals for use in biomedicine and agriculture. These technological advances permit the generation of animals with both gain and loss of function mutations. Moreover, there have been new developments in the field of meganuclease technology, which, combined with SCNT, will further increase the applicability of the technology and result in a wider availability of improved large-animal models of human disease.

  • Gene targeting in Domestic Species: a new beginning.
    Transgenic Research, 2000
    Co-Authors: Jorge A. Piedrahita
    Abstract:

    Until recently genetically modified livestock could only be generated by pronuclear injection. The discovery that animals can be cloned by nuclear transfer from cultured somatic cells means that it will now be possible to achieve gene targeting in these Species. We discuss current developments in NT, the prospects and technical challenges for introducing targeted changes into the germline by this route, and the types of application for which this new technology will be used.

  • Use of embryonic and somatic cells for production of transgenic Domestic animals.
    Cloning, 1999
    Co-Authors: Jorge A. Piedrahita, Patrick W. Dunne, Chang-kyu Lee, Karen Moore, Edmund B. Rucker, Juan C. Vazquez
    Abstract:

    In contrast to the highly developed genetic modification systems available for manipulating the mouse genome, at this time only simple gain of function modifications can be undertaken in Domestic Species. Clearly, the greatest barrier to gene targeting in Domestic Species has been the unavailability of cell lines that can be modified in vitro and still be used to generate a living organism. In the mouse, the embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonic germ (EG) cells have fulfilled that role. While the nuclear transfer procedures have solved this problem in sheep and cattle, in swine ES and EG cells are still needed. In addition, targeting in Domestic Species is affected by the need to develop targeting constructs containing isogenic DNA regions. As a result, it is necessary to isolate the gene of interest, sequence required regions, and develop isogenic targeting constructs by technologies such as long-range PCR. On the positive side, enrichment protocols developed in the mouse can be applied to Domestic spe...

Serge Morand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Distinct spread of DNA and RNA viruses among mammals amid prominent role of Domestic Species
    Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020
    Co-Authors: Konstans Wells, Serge Morand, Maya Wardeh, Matthew Baylis
    Abstract:

    Aim Emerging infectious diseases arising from pathogen spillover from mammals to humans constitute a substantial health threat. Tracing virus origin and predicting the most likely host Species for future spillover events are major objectives in One Health disciplines. We assessed patterns of virus sharing among a large diversity of mammals, including humans and Domestic Species. Location Global. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Mammals and associated viruses. Methods We used network centrality analysis and trait-based Bayesian hierarchical models to explore patterns of virus sharing among mammals. We analysed a global database that compiled the associations between 1,785 virus Species and 725 mammalian host Species as sourced from automatic screening of meta-data accompanying published nucleotide sequences between 1950 and 2019. Results We show that based on current evidence, Domesticated mammals hold the most central positions in networks of known mammal-virus associations. Among entire host-virus networks, Carnivora and Chiroptera hold central positions for mainly sharing RNA viruses, whereas ungulates hold central positions for sharing both RNA and DNA viruses with other host Species. We revealed strong evidence that DNA viruses were phylogenetically more host specific than RNA viruses. RNA viruses exhibited low functional host specificity despite an overall tendency to infect phylogenetically related Species, signifying high potential to shift across hosts with different ecological niches. The frequencies of sharing viruses among hosts and the proportion of zoonotic viruses in hosts were larger for RNA than for DNA viruses. Main conclusions Acknowledging the role of Domestic Species in addition to host and virus traits in patterns of virus sharing is necessary to improve our understanding of virus spread and spillover in times of global change. Understanding multi-host virus-sharing pathways adds focus to curtail disease spread.

  • Distinct spread of DNA and RNA viruses among mammals amid prominent role of Domestic Species
    2018
    Co-Authors: Konstans Wells, Serge Morand, Maya Wardeh, Matthew Baylis
    Abstract:

    Emerging infectious diseases arising from pathogen spillover from mammals to humans comprise a substantial health threat. Tracing virus origin and predicting the most likely host Species for future spillover events are major objectives in One Health disciplines. However, the Species that share pathogens most widely with other mammals, and the role of different wildlife groups in sharing viruses with humans remain poorly identified. To address this challenge, we applied network analysis and Bayesian hierarchical models to a global database of mammal-virus associations. We show that Domesticated mammals and some primates hold the most central positions in networks of known mammal-virus associations. We revealed strong evidence that DNA viruses were phylogenetically more host specific than RNA viruses, while the frequencies of sharing viruses among hosts and the proportion of zoonotic viruses in hosts were larger for RNA than DNA viruses. Among entire host-virus networks, Carnivora and Chiroptera hold central positions for mainly sharing RNA viruses with other host Species, while network centrality of Primates scored relatively high for sharing DNA viruses. Ungulates hold central positions for sharing both RNA and DNA viruses. Acknowledging the role of Domestic Species in addition to host and virus traits in patterns of virus sharing is necessary to improve our understanding of virus spread and spillover in times of global change.

Maya Wardeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Distinct spread of DNA and RNA viruses among mammals amid prominent role of Domestic Species
    Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2020
    Co-Authors: Konstans Wells, Serge Morand, Maya Wardeh, Matthew Baylis
    Abstract:

    Aim Emerging infectious diseases arising from pathogen spillover from mammals to humans constitute a substantial health threat. Tracing virus origin and predicting the most likely host Species for future spillover events are major objectives in One Health disciplines. We assessed patterns of virus sharing among a large diversity of mammals, including humans and Domestic Species. Location Global. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Mammals and associated viruses. Methods We used network centrality analysis and trait-based Bayesian hierarchical models to explore patterns of virus sharing among mammals. We analysed a global database that compiled the associations between 1,785 virus Species and 725 mammalian host Species as sourced from automatic screening of meta-data accompanying published nucleotide sequences between 1950 and 2019. Results We show that based on current evidence, Domesticated mammals hold the most central positions in networks of known mammal-virus associations. Among entire host-virus networks, Carnivora and Chiroptera hold central positions for mainly sharing RNA viruses, whereas ungulates hold central positions for sharing both RNA and DNA viruses with other host Species. We revealed strong evidence that DNA viruses were phylogenetically more host specific than RNA viruses. RNA viruses exhibited low functional host specificity despite an overall tendency to infect phylogenetically related Species, signifying high potential to shift across hosts with different ecological niches. The frequencies of sharing viruses among hosts and the proportion of zoonotic viruses in hosts were larger for RNA than for DNA viruses. Main conclusions Acknowledging the role of Domestic Species in addition to host and virus traits in patterns of virus sharing is necessary to improve our understanding of virus spread and spillover in times of global change. Understanding multi-host virus-sharing pathways adds focus to curtail disease spread.

  • Distinct spread of DNA and RNA viruses among mammals amid prominent role of Domestic Species
    2018
    Co-Authors: Konstans Wells, Serge Morand, Maya Wardeh, Matthew Baylis
    Abstract:

    Emerging infectious diseases arising from pathogen spillover from mammals to humans comprise a substantial health threat. Tracing virus origin and predicting the most likely host Species for future spillover events are major objectives in One Health disciplines. However, the Species that share pathogens most widely with other mammals, and the role of different wildlife groups in sharing viruses with humans remain poorly identified. To address this challenge, we applied network analysis and Bayesian hierarchical models to a global database of mammal-virus associations. We show that Domesticated mammals and some primates hold the most central positions in networks of known mammal-virus associations. We revealed strong evidence that DNA viruses were phylogenetically more host specific than RNA viruses, while the frequencies of sharing viruses among hosts and the proportion of zoonotic viruses in hosts were larger for RNA than DNA viruses. Among entire host-virus networks, Carnivora and Chiroptera hold central positions for mainly sharing RNA viruses with other host Species, while network centrality of Primates scored relatively high for sharing DNA viruses. Ungulates hold central positions for sharing both RNA and DNA viruses. Acknowledging the role of Domestic Species in addition to host and virus traits in patterns of virus sharing is necessary to improve our understanding of virus spread and spillover in times of global change.