The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
N.v. Hegde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Guidelines for Monitoring Bulk Tank Milk Somatic Cell and Bacterial Counts
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: Bhushan M Jayarao, Anand Ashok Sawant, David R. Wolfgang, S.r. Pillai, N.v. HegdeAbstract:This study was conducted to establish guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts, and to understand the relationship between different bacterial groups that occur in bulk tank milk. One hundred twenty-six dairy farms in 14 counties of Pennsylvania participated, each providing one bulk tank milk sample every 15 d for 2 mo. The 4 bulk tank milk samples from each farm were examined for bulk tank Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts including standard plate count, preliminary incubation count, laboratory pasteurization count, coagulase-negative staphylococcal count, environmental streptococcal count, coliform count, and gram-negative noncoliform count. The milk samples were also examined for presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma. The bacterial counts of 4 bulk tank milk samples examined over an 8-wk period were averaged and expressed as mean bacterial count per milliliter. The study revealed that an increase in the frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae was significantly associated with an increased bulk tank Somatic Cell count. Paired correlation analysis showed that there was low correlation between different bacterial counts. Bulk tank milk with low (
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guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk Somatic Cell and bacterial counts
Journal of Dairy Science, 2004Co-Authors: Bhushan M Jayarao, Anand Ashok Sawant, David R. Wolfgang, S.r. Pillai, N.v. HegdeAbstract:This study was conducted to establish guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts, and to understand the relationship between different bacterial groups that occur in bulk tank milk. One hundred twenty-six dairy farms in 14 counties of Pennsylvania participated, each providing one bulk tank milk sample every 15 d for 2 mo. The 4 bulk tank milk samples from each farm were examined for bulk tank Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts including standard plate count, preliminary incubation count, laboratory pasteurization count, coagulase-negative staphylococcal count, environmental streptococcal count, coliform count, and gram-negative noncoliform count. The milk samples were also examined for presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma. The bacterial counts of 4 bulk tank milk samples examined over an 8-wk period were averaged and expressed as mean bacterial count per milliliter. The study revealed that an increase in the frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae was significantly associated with an increased bulk tank Somatic Cell count. Paired correlation analysis showed that there was low correlation between different bacterial counts. Bulk tank milk with low (<5000 cfu/mL) standard plate count also had a significantly low level of mean bulk tank Somatic Cell count (<200,000 Cells/mL), preliminary incubation count (<10,000 cfu/mL), laboratory pasteurization count (<100 cfu/mL), coagulase-negative staphylococci and environmental streptococcal counts (<500 cfu/mL), and noncoliform count (<200 cfu/mL). Coliform count was less likely to be associated with Somatic Cell or other bacterial counts. Herd size and farm management practices had considerable influence on Somatic Cell and bacterial counts in bulk tank milk. Dairy herds that used automatic milking detachers, sand as bedding material, dip cups for teat dipping instead of spraying, and practiced pre-and postdipping had significantly lower bulk tank Somatic Cell and/or bacterial counts. In conclusion, categorized bulk tank Somatic Cell and bacterial counts could serve as indicators and facilitate monitoring of herd udder health and milk quality.
Teruhiko Wakayama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent advancements in cloning by Somatic Cell nuclear transfer
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2013Co-Authors: Atsuo Ogura, Kimiko Inoue, Teruhiko WakayamaAbstract:Somatic Cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning is the sole reproductive engineering technology that endows the Somatic Cell genome with totipotency. Since the first report on the birth of a cloned sheep from adult Somatic Cells in 1997, many technical improvements in SCNT have been made by using different epigenetic approaches, including enhancement of the levels of histone acetylation in the chromatin of the reconstructed embryos. Although it will take a considerable time before we fully understand the nature of genomic programming and totipotency, we may expect that Somatic Cell cloning technology will soon become broadly applicable to practical purposes, including medicine, pharmaceutical manufacturing and agriculture. Here we review recent progress in Somatic Cell cloning, with a special emphasis on epigenetic studies using the laboratory mouse as a model.
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the cytoplasm of mouse germinal vesicle stage oocytes can enhance Somatic Cell nuclear reprogramming
Development, 2008Co-Authors: Sayaka Wakayama, Satoshi Kishigami, Nguyen Van Thuan, Teruhiko WakayamaAbstract:In mammalian cloning, evidence suggests that genomic reprogramming factors are located in the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm of oocytes or zygotes. However, little is known about the mechanisms of reprogramming, and new methods using nuclear factors have not succeeded in producing cloned mice from differentiated Somatic Cell nuclei. We aimed to determine whether there are functional reprogramming factors present in the cytoplasm of germinal vesicle stage (GV) oocytes. We found that the GV oocyte cytoplasm could remodel Somatic Cell nuclei, completely demethylate histone H3 at lysine 9 and partially deacetylate histone H3 at lysines 9 and 14. Moreover, cytoplasmic lysates of GV oocytes promoted Somatic Cell reprogramming and cloned embryo development, when assessed by measuring histone H3-K9 hypomethylation, Oct4 and Cdx2 expression in blastocysts, and the production of cloned offspring. Thus, genomic reprogramming factors are present in the cytoplasm of the GV oocyte and could facilitate cloning technology. This finding is also useful for research on the mechanisms involved in histone deacetylation and demethylation, even though histone methylation is thought to be epigenetically stable.
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recombination signatures distinguish embryonic stem Cells derived by parthenogenesis and Somatic Cell nuclear transfer
Cell Stem Cell, 2007Co-Authors: Kitwa Ng, Teruhiko Wakayama, Peter J Rugggunn, Jaehung Shieh, Oktay Kirak, Rudolf Jaenisch, Malcolm A S Moore, Roger A Pedersen, George Q. DaleyAbstract:Summary Parthenogenesis and Somatic Cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) are two methods for deriving embryonic stem (ES) Cells that are genetically matched to the oocyte donor or Somatic Cell donor, respectively. Using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, we demonstrate distinct signatures of genetic recombination that distinguish parthenogenetic ES Cells from those generated by SCNT. We applied SNP analysis to the human ES Cell line SCNT-hES-1, previously claimed to have been derived by SCNT, and present evidence that it represents a human parthenogenetic ES Cell line. Genome-wide SNP analysis represents a means to validate the genetic provenance of an ES Cell line.
Bhushan M Jayarao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Guidelines for Monitoring Bulk Tank Milk Somatic Cell and Bacterial Counts
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: Bhushan M Jayarao, Anand Ashok Sawant, David R. Wolfgang, S.r. Pillai, N.v. HegdeAbstract:This study was conducted to establish guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts, and to understand the relationship between different bacterial groups that occur in bulk tank milk. One hundred twenty-six dairy farms in 14 counties of Pennsylvania participated, each providing one bulk tank milk sample every 15 d for 2 mo. The 4 bulk tank milk samples from each farm were examined for bulk tank Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts including standard plate count, preliminary incubation count, laboratory pasteurization count, coagulase-negative staphylococcal count, environmental streptococcal count, coliform count, and gram-negative noncoliform count. The milk samples were also examined for presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma. The bacterial counts of 4 bulk tank milk samples examined over an 8-wk period were averaged and expressed as mean bacterial count per milliliter. The study revealed that an increase in the frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae was significantly associated with an increased bulk tank Somatic Cell count. Paired correlation analysis showed that there was low correlation between different bacterial counts. Bulk tank milk with low (
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guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk Somatic Cell and bacterial counts
Journal of Dairy Science, 2004Co-Authors: Bhushan M Jayarao, Anand Ashok Sawant, David R. Wolfgang, S.r. Pillai, N.v. HegdeAbstract:This study was conducted to establish guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts, and to understand the relationship between different bacterial groups that occur in bulk tank milk. One hundred twenty-six dairy farms in 14 counties of Pennsylvania participated, each providing one bulk tank milk sample every 15 d for 2 mo. The 4 bulk tank milk samples from each farm were examined for bulk tank Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts including standard plate count, preliminary incubation count, laboratory pasteurization count, coagulase-negative staphylococcal count, environmental streptococcal count, coliform count, and gram-negative noncoliform count. The milk samples were also examined for presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma. The bacterial counts of 4 bulk tank milk samples examined over an 8-wk period were averaged and expressed as mean bacterial count per milliliter. The study revealed that an increase in the frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae was significantly associated with an increased bulk tank Somatic Cell count. Paired correlation analysis showed that there was low correlation between different bacterial counts. Bulk tank milk with low (<5000 cfu/mL) standard plate count also had a significantly low level of mean bulk tank Somatic Cell count (<200,000 Cells/mL), preliminary incubation count (<10,000 cfu/mL), laboratory pasteurization count (<100 cfu/mL), coagulase-negative staphylococci and environmental streptococcal counts (<500 cfu/mL), and noncoliform count (<200 cfu/mL). Coliform count was less likely to be associated with Somatic Cell or other bacterial counts. Herd size and farm management practices had considerable influence on Somatic Cell and bacterial counts in bulk tank milk. Dairy herds that used automatic milking detachers, sand as bedding material, dip cups for teat dipping instead of spraying, and practiced pre-and postdipping had significantly lower bulk tank Somatic Cell and/or bacterial counts. In conclusion, categorized bulk tank Somatic Cell and bacterial counts could serve as indicators and facilitate monitoring of herd udder health and milk quality.
Rachel Rupp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic parameters for milk Somatic Cell score and relationship with production and udder type traits in dairy alpine and saanen primiparous goats
Journal of Dairy Science, 2011Co-Authors: Rachel Rupp, V Clement, A Piacere, Christele Robertgranie, E ManfrediAbstract:Abstract Goat milk Somatic Cell counts have been collected for several years in France by the national milk recording organization. Information is used for health management, because repeatedly elevated Somatic Cell counts are a good indirect predictor of intramammary infection. Genetic parameters were estimated for 67,882 and 49,709 primiparous goats of the dairy Alpine and Saanen breeds, respectively, with complete information for milk Somatic Cell counts and milk production traits. About 40% of the goats had additional information for 11 udder type traits scored by official classifiers of the breeders' association CAPGENES. Estimates were obtained by REML with an animal model. The studied trait was lactation Somatic Cell score (LSCS), the weighted mean of Somatic Cell score (log-transformed SCC) adjusted for lactation stage. Heritability of LSCS was 0.20 and 0.24 in the Alpine and Saanen breeds, respectively. Relationships with milk production and udder type traits were additionally estimated by using multitrait analyses. Heritability estimates in first lactation ranged from 0.30 to 0.35 for lactation milk, fat, and protein yields; from 0.60 to 0.67 for fat and protein contents; and from 0.22 to 0.50 for udder type traits. Genetic correlations of Somatic Cell score with milk production traits were generally low, ranging from −0.13 to 0.12. Slightly more negative correlations were estimated for fat content: −0.18 and −0.20 in Saanen and Alpine breeds, respectively. Lactation Somatic Cell score was genetically correlated with udder floor position (r g =−0.24 and −0.19 in the Alpine and Saanen breeds, respectively), and, in Saanen, teat length, teat width, and teat form (r g =0.29, 0.34 and −0.27, respectively). These results suggest that a reduction in Somatic Cell count can be achieved by selection while still improving milk production and udder type and teat traits.
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genetic parameters for clinical mastitis Somatic Cell score production udder type traits and milking ease in first lactation holsteins
Journal of Dairy Science, 1999Co-Authors: Rachel Rupp, Didier BoichardAbstract:Abstract Genetic parameters were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood with an animal model on first lactation data of 29,284 French Holstein cows for clinical mastitis, lactation Somatic Cell score, milking ease, production, and nine udder type traits. The heritability was low for clinical mastitis (0.024), moderate for lactation Somatic Cell score (0.17) and milking ease (0.17), and ranged from 0.17 to 0.30 for type traits. A high (0.72) but lower than unity genetic correlation was found between clinical mastitis and lactation Somatic Cell score and indicated that both traits were genetically favorably associated. The antagonism with production was stronger for clinical mastitis than for lactation Somatic Cell score (genetic correlations 0.45 and 0.15, respectively). Udder depth, fore-udder attachment, and udder balance were favorably associated with lactation Somatic Cell score and clinical mastitis with genetic correlations ranging from –0.29 to –0.46, whereas low correlations were found with teat length. Milking ease was found to be unfavorably correlated with lactation Somatic Cell score (genetic correlation 0.44) but not with clinical mastitis.
Anand Ashok Sawant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Guidelines for Monitoring Bulk Tank Milk Somatic Cell and Bacterial Counts
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: Bhushan M Jayarao, Anand Ashok Sawant, David R. Wolfgang, S.r. Pillai, N.v. HegdeAbstract:This study was conducted to establish guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts, and to understand the relationship between different bacterial groups that occur in bulk tank milk. One hundred twenty-six dairy farms in 14 counties of Pennsylvania participated, each providing one bulk tank milk sample every 15 d for 2 mo. The 4 bulk tank milk samples from each farm were examined for bulk tank Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts including standard plate count, preliminary incubation count, laboratory pasteurization count, coagulase-negative staphylococcal count, environmental streptococcal count, coliform count, and gram-negative noncoliform count. The milk samples were also examined for presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma. The bacterial counts of 4 bulk tank milk samples examined over an 8-wk period were averaged and expressed as mean bacterial count per milliliter. The study revealed that an increase in the frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae was significantly associated with an increased bulk tank Somatic Cell count. Paired correlation analysis showed that there was low correlation between different bacterial counts. Bulk tank milk with low (
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guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk Somatic Cell and bacterial counts
Journal of Dairy Science, 2004Co-Authors: Bhushan M Jayarao, Anand Ashok Sawant, David R. Wolfgang, S.r. Pillai, N.v. HegdeAbstract:This study was conducted to establish guidelines for monitoring bulk tank milk Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts, and to understand the relationship between different bacterial groups that occur in bulk tank milk. One hundred twenty-six dairy farms in 14 counties of Pennsylvania participated, each providing one bulk tank milk sample every 15 d for 2 mo. The 4 bulk tank milk samples from each farm were examined for bulk tank Somatic Cell count and bacterial counts including standard plate count, preliminary incubation count, laboratory pasteurization count, coagulase-negative staphylococcal count, environmental streptococcal count, coliform count, and gram-negative noncoliform count. The milk samples were also examined for presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma. The bacterial counts of 4 bulk tank milk samples examined over an 8-wk period were averaged and expressed as mean bacterial count per milliliter. The study revealed that an increase in the frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae was significantly associated with an increased bulk tank Somatic Cell count. Paired correlation analysis showed that there was low correlation between different bacterial counts. Bulk tank milk with low (<5000 cfu/mL) standard plate count also had a significantly low level of mean bulk tank Somatic Cell count (<200,000 Cells/mL), preliminary incubation count (<10,000 cfu/mL), laboratory pasteurization count (<100 cfu/mL), coagulase-negative staphylococci and environmental streptococcal counts (<500 cfu/mL), and noncoliform count (<200 cfu/mL). Coliform count was less likely to be associated with Somatic Cell or other bacterial counts. Herd size and farm management practices had considerable influence on Somatic Cell and bacterial counts in bulk tank milk. Dairy herds that used automatic milking detachers, sand as bedding material, dip cups for teat dipping instead of spraying, and practiced pre-and postdipping had significantly lower bulk tank Somatic Cell and/or bacterial counts. In conclusion, categorized bulk tank Somatic Cell and bacterial counts could serve as indicators and facilitate monitoring of herd udder health and milk quality.
